Ibrain最新文献

{"title":"Neuroanatomical and functional correlates in tic disorders and Tourette's syndrome: A narrative review","authors":"Anna Sara Liberati,&nbsp;Giulio Perrotta","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12177","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ibra.12177","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tic disorders represent a developmental neuropsychiatric condition whose causes can be attributed to a variety of environmental, neurobiological, and genetic factors. From a neurophysiological perspective, the disorder has classically been associated with neurochemical imbalances (particularly dopamine and serotonin) and structural and functional alterations affecting, in particular, brain areas and circuits involved in the processing and coordination of movements: the basal ganglia, thalamus, motor cortical area, and cingulate cortex; however, more recent research is demonstrating the involvement of many more brain regions and neurotransmission systems than previously observed, such as the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum. In this paper, therefore, we summarize the evidence to date on these abnormalities with the intent to illustrate and clarify the main neuroanatomical differences between patients with tic disorders and healthy individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":"10 4","pages":"439-449"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11649386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe relapse after cessation of immunosuppressive therapy in a patient with co-occurrence of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and Sjögren's syndrome: A case report","authors":"Man-Min Zhu,&nbsp;Zu-Cai Xu,&nbsp;Chang-Yin Yu,&nbsp;Hao Huang","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ibra.12175","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a group of autoimmune disorders characterized by inflammatory involvement of the optic nerve, spinal cord, and central nervous system. NMOSD is often associated with other autoimmune disorders, including Sjogren's syndrome (SS). While NMOSD typically occurs at a peak in young or older individuals, the coexistence of NMOSD and SS in a youngster is rare. Here, we presented a case of a 14-year-old girl with NMOSD and SS who responded well to immunosuppressive therapy but experienced a severe relapse after discontinuation of therapy. We described the clinical course of a case over 8 years, underscoring the importance of long-term treatment for NMOSD and SS. This case, along with the review of relevant literature, will raise awareness of this type of disease and facilitate early diagnosis and treatment to avoid serious sequelae.</p>","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":"11 2","pages":"268-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ibra.12175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The application of eXplainable artificial intelligence in studying cognition: A scoping review","authors":"Shakran Mahmood,&nbsp;Colin Teo,&nbsp;Jeremy Sim,&nbsp;Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Jiang Muyun,&nbsp;R. Bhuvana,&nbsp;Kejia Teo,&nbsp;Tseng Tsai Yeo,&nbsp;Jia Lu,&nbsp;Balazs Gulyas,&nbsp;Cuntai Guan","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ibra.12174","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has sparked renewed discussions on its trustworthiness and the concept of eXplainable AI (XAI). Recent research in neuroscience has emphasized the relevance of XAI in studying cognition. This scoping review aims to identify and analyze various XAI methods used to study the mechanisms and features of cognitive function and dysfunction. In this study, the collected evidence is qualitatively assessed to develop an effective framework for approaching XAI in cognitive neuroscience. Based on the Joanna Briggs Institute and preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping review guidelines, we searched for peer-reviewed articles on MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar. Two reviewers performed data screening, extraction, and thematic analysis in parallel. Twelve eligible experimental studies published in the past decade were included. The results showed that the majority (75%) focused on normal cognitive functions such as perception, social cognition, language, executive function, and memory, while others (25%) examined impaired cognition. The predominant XAI methods employed were intrinsic XAI (58.3%), followed by attribution-based (41.7%) and example-based (8.3%) post hoc methods. Explainability was applied at a local (66.7%) or global (33.3%) scope. The findings, predominantly correlational, were anatomical (83.3%) or nonanatomical (16.7%). In conclusion, while these XAI techniques were lauded for their predictive power, robustness, testability, and plausibility, limitations included oversimplification, confounding factors, and inconsistencies. The reviewed studies showcased the potential of XAI models while acknowledging current challenges in causality and oversimplification, particularly emphasizing the need for reproducibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":"10 3","pages":"245-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ibra.12174","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroscience of cancer: Research progress and emerging of the field","authors":"Issam AbuQeis,&nbsp;Yu Zou,&nbsp;Ying-Chun Ba,&nbsp;Abeer A. Teeti","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ibra.12172","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cancer cells immediately expand and penetrate adjoining tissues, as opposed to metastasis, that is the spread of cancer cells through the circulatory or lymphatic systems to more distant places via the invasion process. We found that a lack of studies discussed tumor development with the nervous system, by the aspects of cancer-tissue invasion (biological) and chemical modulation of growth that cascades by releasing neural-related factors from the nerve endings via chemical substances known as neurotransmitters. In this review, we aimed to carefully demonstrate and describe the cancer invasion and interaction with the nervous system, as well as reveal the research progress and the emerging neuroscience of cancer. An initial set of 160 references underwent systematic review and summarization. Through a meticulous screening process, these data were refined, ultimately leading to the inclusion of 98 studies that adhered to predetermined criteria. The outcomes show that one formidable challenge in the realm of cancer lies in its intrinsic heterogeneity and remarkable capacity for rapid adaptation. Despite advancements in genomics and precision medicine, there is still a need to identify new molecular targets. Considering cancer within its molecular and cellular environment, including neural components, is crucial for addressing this challenge. In conclusion, this review provides good referential data for direct, indirect, biological, and chemical interaction for nerve tissue–tumor interaction, suggesting the establishment of new therapy techniques and mechanisms by controlling and modifying neuron networks that supply signals to tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":"10 3","pages":"305-322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ibra.12172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on the mechanisms of pain empathy","authors":"Shuangshuang Liu,&nbsp;Siwei Wang,&nbsp;Yan Yan,&nbsp;Bangyong Qin,&nbsp;Qingxiang Mao,&nbsp;Jie Yuan","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ibra.12169","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent research has highlighted the indispensability of traditional molecular biology and imaging techniques in pain research. However, the mechanisms underlying pain empathy remain unclear. Consequently, a deeper understanding of these mechanisms would greatly enhance pain management. This article aimed to scrutinize previous research findings on pain empathy, with a particular emphasis on the correlation between empathy for pain and distinct anatomical structures, such as mirror neurons, the anterior cingulate cortex, insular cortex, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala. Additionally, this study explored the involvement of endogenous systems, including oxytocin and the locus coeruleus norepinephrine system, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, opioid system, and 5-hydroxylamine signaling. In conclusion, the mechanisms of pain empathy are complex and diverse, and research on pain empathy and target treatment will contribute to pain treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":"11 2","pages":"146-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ibra.12169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcium accumulation or iron deposition: Delving into the temporal sequence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathophysiology in the primary motor cortex","authors":"Sadegh Ghaderi,&nbsp;Sana Mohammadi,&nbsp;Farzad Fatehi","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ibra.12168","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) causes progressive motor neuron degeneration, but an in vivo understanding of its early pathology remains limited. A recent study used topographic layer imaging to investigate iron and calcium accumulation in the primary motor cortex (M1) of patients with ALS compared with controls. Despite the preserved cortical thickness, ALS patients showed increased iron in layer 6 and calcium accumulation in layer 5a and the superficial layer. Calcium accumulation was particularly prominent in the low-myelin borders, potentially preceding the demyelination. This study reveals a novel in vivo pathology in ALS, suggesting that calcium dysregulation may precede iron accumulation and contribute to early M1 cell degeneration. Further investigation using quantitative susceptibility mapping and complementary techniques, such as diffusion kurtosis imaging, along with ultrahigh-field magnetic resonance imaging, into the role of calcium and early intervention strategies is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":"10 3","pages":"375-377"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ibra.12168","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of remimazolam versus propofol for intraoperative sedation during regional anesthesia: A phase II, multicenter, randomized, active-controlled, single-blind clinical trial","authors":"Ting-Ting Li,&nbsp;Lu Yin,&nbsp;Yue-Xin Huang,&nbsp;Xiu-Hong Wang,&nbsp;Yan-Huan Wei,&nbsp;Yong Wang,&nbsp;Shi-Wei Yang,&nbsp;Genoveva B. da Graca Cunha,&nbsp;Fei Liu","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12163","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ibra.12163","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of remimazolam for intraoperative sedation during regional anesthesia. It was a phase II-multicenter, randomized, single-blind, parallel-group, active-controlled clinical trial (No. ChiCTR2100054956). From May 6, 2021 to July 4, 2021, patients were randomly enrolled from 17 hospitals in China. A total of 105 patients aged 18–65 years who underwent selective surgery under regional anesthesia were included. Patients received different sedatives with different dosages: 0.1 mg/kg remimazolam (HR), 0.05 mg/kg remimazolam (LR), or 1.0 mg/kg propofol (P) group, followed by a maintenance infusion. Main outcome measures included the efficacy of sedation measured by Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale (MOAA/S) levels (1–4, 1–3, 2–3, 3, and 2–4) during the sedation procedure (the duration percentage) and incidence of adverse reactions. It showed that the duration percentage of MOAA/S levels 1–4 was 100.0 [8.1]% (median [interquartile range]), 89.9 [20.2]%, 100.0 [7.7]% in the HR, LR, and P groups, respectively. The percentage of patients in the HR, LR, and P groups who achieved MOAA/S levels 1–4 within 3 min after administration was 85.7%, 58.8%, and 82.9%, respectively. However, the time to recovery from anesthesia after withdrawal of sedatives (7.9 ± 5.7 min), incidence of anterograde amnesia (75%), and adverse effects were not statistically significant among the three groups. These findings suggest that a loading dose of remimazolam 0.1 mg/kg followed by a maintenance infusion of 0–3 mg/kg/h provides adequate sedation for patients under regional anesthesia without increasing adverse reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":"10 2","pages":"134-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ibra.12163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141335937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of sleep disorders on perioperative neurocognitive disorders among the elderly: A narrative review","authors":"Chao Chen,&nbsp;Rui-Xue Zhai,&nbsp;Xin Lan,&nbsp;Sheng-Feng Yang,&nbsp;Si-Jie Tang,&nbsp;Xing-Long Xiong,&nbsp;Yu-Xin He,&nbsp;Jing-Fang Lin,&nbsp;Jia-Rong Feng,&nbsp;Dong-Xu Chen,&nbsp;Jing Shi","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12167","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ibra.12167","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This review comprehensively assesses the epidemiology, interaction, and impact on patient outcomes of perioperative sleep disorders (SD) and perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) in the elderly. The incidence of SD and PND during the perioperative period in older adults is alarmingly high, with SD significantly contributing to the occurrence of postoperative delirium. However, the clinical evidence linking SD to PND remains insufficient, despite substantial preclinical data. Therefore, this study focuses on the underlying mechanisms between SD and PND, underscoring that potential mechanisms driving SD-induced PND include uncontrolled central nervous inflammation, blood–brain barrier disruption, circadian rhythm disturbances, glial cell dysfunction, neuronal and synaptic abnormalities, impaired central metabolic waste clearance, gut microbiome dysbiosis, hippocampal oxidative stress, and altered brain network connectivity. Additionally, the review also evaluates the effectiveness of various sleep interventions, both pharmacological and nonpharmacological, in mitigating PND. Strategies such as earplugs, eye masks, restoring circadian rhythms, physical exercise, noninvasive brain stimulation, dexmedetomidine, and melatonin receptor agonists have shown efficacy in reducing PND incidence. The impact of other sleep-improvement drugs (e.g., orexin receptor antagonists) and methods (e.g., cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia) on PND is still unclear. However, certain drugs used for treating SD (e.g., antidepressants and first-generation antihistamines) may potentially aggravate PND. By providing valuable insights and references, this review aimed to enhance the understanding and management of PND in older adults based on SD.</p>","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":"10 2","pages":"197-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ibra.12167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141368638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd. leaves aqueous extract inhibits learning and memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease rats: Involvement of the SIRT6/NLRP3 signaling pathway","authors":"Wendan Wu,&nbsp;You Yan,&nbsp;Tingting Yi,&nbsp;Yu Wei,&nbsp;Jianmei Gao,&nbsp;Qihai Gong","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12164","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ibra.12164","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative condition that is influenced by multiple factors along with neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Our previous study proved that <i>Lithocarpus polystachyus</i> Rehd. aqueous extract (sweet tea aqueous extract, STAE) effectively inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced neuronal cell injury. However, it is not clear whether STAE can protect against AD, and its underlying mechanisms are still uncertain. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the possible behavioral and neurochemical effects of STAE on A<i>β</i>_25-35-induced AD rats administered STAE (20, 40, 80 mg/mL) for 14 days. We showed that STAE administration significantly and dose-dependently ameliorated the cognitive deficits in the AD rat models, assessed in the Morris water maze (MWM) test, Y-maze test, and novel object recognition (NOR) test. The results of hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining and Nissl staining showed that after treatment with STAE, the pathological damage to the hippocampal CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG) neurons of rats was significantly improved. Furthermore, STAE dose-dependently inhibited microglia and astrocyte activation in the hippocampus of rats accompanied by increased protein expression of silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog 6 (SIRT6) and decreased protein expression of nod-like receptor thermal protein domain-associated protein 3 (NLRP3) and its downstream pyroptosis-related genes after following A<i>β</i>_25-35. In summary, our findings indicate that STAE effectively inhibits A<i>β</i>_25-35-induced learning and memory impairment in rats, and the mechanism is, at least partially, related to the regulation of SIRT6/NLRP3 signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":"11 2","pages":"228-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ibra.12164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141271712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress of neurovascular units involved in ischemic stroke","authors":"Yu Yang, Hao Tong, Zhuo‐Fan Ye, Zu‐Cai Xu, Tao Tao","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ibra.12166","url":null,"abstract":"Ischemic stroke is the most prevalent cerebrovascular disorder in the clinical setting. It results in associated neurological abnormalities due to a variety of factors, including disruption of cerebral arterial blood flow, hypoxia, and ischemic necrosis of local brain tissues. The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a dynamic structural complex that consists of neurons, glial cells, pericytes, vascular endothelial cells, and the extracellular matrix. Many cells work together to preserve the integrity of the central nervous system (CNS) under physiological conditions. However, following ischemic stroke, NVU homeostasis is disrupted along with the development of tissue ischemia and hypoxia, as well as impaired interactions between various components of the NVU. Collectively, the changes result in increased blood–brain barrier permeability, neuronal dysfunction, and functional destruction of nerve conduction bundles, ultimately leading to the clinical manifestation of neurological deficits including motor, cognitive, and speech impairments that hinder the rehabilitation process. In recent years, with continuously expanding research on ischemic cerebrovascular disease, the role of interconnections between different cells in the NVU in ischemic stroke has received increasing attention. To describe new concepts for the prevention and treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular illnesses, this article reviews the interplay between NVU in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke.","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":"27 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141272050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}