Ground waterPub Date : 2026-09-09DOI: 10.1111/gwat.70103
Andrea D Croskrey, James A Golab, Azzah S AlKurdi
{"title":"Review of the 2020 Statewide Suitability Survey of ASR and AR for Texas Aquifers.","authors":"Andrea D Croskrey, James A Golab, Azzah S AlKurdi","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2019, the Texas Legislature directed the Texas Water Development Board (TWDB) to conduct a statewide managed aquifer recharge (MAR) suitability survey for Texas. The resulting Statewide Survey of Aquifer Suitability for Aquifer Storage and Recovery Projects or Aquifer Recharge Projects has provided an initial, regional (not site-specific) scale analysis of the potential for MAR within the 31 major and minor aquifers of Texas. The results of the survey are presented on a 50,000-ft statewide grid (89.5 sq. mi. cells), which provided coincident boundaries for intersecting GIS layers. The survey consists of three independent screenings: hydrogeological parameters, excess water, and water supply needs. Each of these three screenings considered multiple parameters scored on a weighted scale, with critical parameters receiving higher weights. The three highest screenings in a 25-grid cell search area (approximately 2240 mile<sup>2</sup>) were combined to create two final suitability scorings and ratings: one for aquifer storage and recovery and one for aquifer recharge. Entities have used the survey as part of initial evaluations for MAR. Since publication in December 2020, stakeholders and interested parties have provided feedback on the methodology, impact, and potential future of the survey. This narrative review paper is a discussion of that feedback.</p>","PeriodicalId":94022,"journal":{"name":"Ground water","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148922394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ground waterPub Date : 2026-09-04DOI: 10.1111/gwat.70100
Samantha C Kershner, Samuel B Brockschmidt, Michael A Cardiff
{"title":"Enhancing Recharge Beneath Low-Permeability Landscapes with Small-Diameter Drywells: Token Creek, WI.","authors":"Samantha C Kershner, Samuel B Brockschmidt, Michael A Cardiff","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.70100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The implementation of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) systems in the Midwest has been limited, likely due to a relative abundance of water, land use requirements, and cost. Despite limited use in the Midwest, MAR systems that source from stormwater can provide benefits in reducing flooding, while also improving shallow groundwater quality if high-quality water is infiltrated into the subsurface. We hypothesize that recharge may be safely and economically enhanced by installing shallow, small-diameter drywells that allow deeper infiltration. These installations can benefit areas where groundwater recharge is naturally low, including regions with high evapotranspirative demand and areas with lower-permeability surficial soils. In this study we assess the benefit of drywells through direct field monitoring of recharge quantity and quality via a drywell and by comparison with estimated rates of natural recharge using a one-dimensional model. Over 1 year, we found the 3.2 cm-diameter drywell to passively infiltrate an additional 30.2 to 52.2 L (best estimate 35.3) of water from rainfall, runoff, and snow melt. Compared to a model-estimated natural recharge of 177 L per year, per 1 m<sup>2</sup> of landcover, implementation of a drywell can increase infiltration by 17 to 29%. Results suggest no need for pretreatment, as a large majority of the drywell water quality samples had concentrations below associated EPA limits. Additionally, this study discusses the longevity and the required installation and maintenance costs of implementing small-diameter drywells. This study builds on other studies that have assessed small-diameter drywells by assessing performance under natural runoff conditions and water quality impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":94022,"journal":{"name":"Ground water","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148889964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ground waterPub Date : 2026-07-03DOI: 10.1111/gwat.70088
E Randall Bayless, Chad J Ostheimer, Robert A Darner
{"title":"Computing Flow-Field Distortion Coefficients from Well-Construction and Formation Properties.","authors":"E Randall Bayless, Chad J Ostheimer, Robert A Darner","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Direct measurements of groundwater velocity made with borehole flowmeters in screened wells must be compensated for the effects of flow-field distortion (also known as borehole acceleration). A theoretical equation developed by Drost et al. (1968) and simple inputs describing hydraulic properties of well construction and geologic formation were programmed into an Excel workbook to facilitate computation by groundwater-flowmeter users. Tables describing the physical and hydraulic properties for well constructions and gravel pack media are provided with an example to facilitate use of the workbook. Groundwater flowlines converge or diverge as they pass from a geologic formation, through a gravel pack and well screen. The extent of flowline convergence or divergence and the value of the flow-field distortion coefficient is related to the relative changes in hydraulic conductivity of the well screen, gravel pack, and geologic formation. Convergence or divergence is accompanied by acceleration or deceleration of groundwater. Direct measurements of groundwater velocity at the center of the monitoring well can be adjusted to provide a more accurate estimate of velocity in the formation by applying a correction for flow-field distortion. Variables required to compute the flow-field distortion coefficient include the hydraulic conductivity of the gravel pack, well screen, and the geologic formation surrounding the well screen; the borehole radius, and the inside radius and outside radius of the well screen.</p>","PeriodicalId":94022,"journal":{"name":"Ground water","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148378763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ground waterPub Date : 2026-05-14DOI: 10.1111/gwat.70076
Neelam Thapa Magar, Robert E Mace
{"title":"Enhancing Recharge in the Edwards Aquifer, Texas: Measures, Outcomes, and Lessons for Karst Aquifers.","authors":"Neelam Thapa Magar, Robert E Mace","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Managed aquifer recharge is a widely adopted method that involves storing excess water underground for future use. While managed aquifer recharge has been applied globally to different aquifer types, its use in karst aquifers is less common due to the unique hydrogeological characteristics of these systems, including high permeability, variable water flow velocities, and shorter water residence times. Consequently, there is a gap in studies assessing managed aquifer recharge effectiveness in karst aquifers. The Edwards Aquifer in south-central Texas, which provides water to over 2 million people, is an example where recharge enhancement strategies have been explored. This study synthesizes enhanced recharge measures in the Edwards Aquifer from the 1960s to 2024, assessing their benefits, limitations, and regulatory frameworks guiding these strategies. By reviewing state water codes, rules, articles, technical reports, and case studies, this study reveals purpose and methods of recharge enhancement in the region. Findings suggest that while recharge dams, designed for flood control, have contributed to enhancing recharge, their impact remains marginal compared to natural recharge volumes. Aquifer storage and recovery emerged as a key strategy to store Edwards water in other stable aquifers and the brackish zone of the Edwards Aquifer. Recirculation and springflow augmentation were explored but not implemented due to uncertainties. Other initiatives focused on enhancing the quality of water entering the aquifer. Enhanced recharge in karst aquifers (or using karst aquifers' water to enhance recharge in other aquifers) is important as societies continue to face challenges due to population growth and environmental changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94022,"journal":{"name":"Ground water","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147944349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ground waterPub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-03-08DOI: 10.1111/gwat.70058
Martin J Hamper, Mir SeyedAbbasi
{"title":"Huntley's LNAPL Transmissivity Baildown Test Method Revisited.","authors":"Martin J Hamper, Mir SeyedAbbasi","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70058","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Baildown tests are an important and relatively inexpensive way to estimate transmissivity. Huntley (2000) developed baildown test analytical methods to determine LNAPL transmissivity. One of his baildown test methods was based on the Bouwer and Rice (1976) rising head slug test method which for brevity we will call Huntley's Method 1. In Batu's (2012) criticism of Huntley's Method 1, he noted that both Lundy and Zimmerman's Method and Huntley's Method 1 are based on the Bouwer and Rice (1976) rising head slug test method, but he observed that only Huntley's Method 1 included a density correction factor. We took a closer look at the derivation of Huntley's Method 1 and found that a mathematical error led to the density correction factor. The corrected Huntley Method 1 equation is equivalent to the Bouwer and Rice (1976) equation for transmissivity. The density correction factor error in Huntley's Method 1 causes the LNAPL transmissivity value to be approximately 4 to 10 times higher than it should be, potentially resulting in unnecessary remediation costs. In light of the error in Huntley's Method 1, it is recommended that the community use the corrected version of Huntley's Method 1. Because Kirkman's (2013) J-ratio baildown test method is based on the uncorrected Huntley Method 1, its use should also be reconsidered in light of our correction to Huntley's Method 1.</p>","PeriodicalId":94022,"journal":{"name":"Ground water","volume":" ","pages":"360-362"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147380273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ground waterPub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-03-16DOI: 10.1111/gwat.70060
Anthony Abi Nader, Julie Albaric, Jean-Philippe Malet, Marc Steinmann, Kusnahadi Susanto, Joshua Ducasse, Gilbert Ferhat, Hélène Celle, Benjamin Pohl, Jordan Labbe, Christian Sue, Claude Fontaine, Michel Bertin, Anne Boetsch
{"title":"Monitoring Heat Transfer and Recharge Mechanisms in a Karst System Using Fiber Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing.","authors":"Anthony Abi Nader, Julie Albaric, Jean-Philippe Malet, Marc Steinmann, Kusnahadi Susanto, Joshua Ducasse, Gilbert Ferhat, Hélène Celle, Benjamin Pohl, Jordan Labbe, Christian Sue, Claude Fontaine, Michel Bertin, Anne Boetsch","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70060","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Karst aquifers play a crucial role in global water resources. Characterizing their thermal dynamics is essential for improving our understanding of their functioning. However, monitoring karst systems is challenging due to their strong heterogeneity, anisotropy, and limited accessibility. To address these challenges, we deployed an 800-m-long fiber-optic cable within the unsaturated zone of a karst system in the Jura Mountains (eastern France). The objective was to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of cavity air and underground river water temperatures over a 6-month monitoring period. The results highlight a gradual increase in cavity air temperature (CAT) and cavity river temperature (CRT) over the study period, consistent with the diffusion of surface air temperature (SAT). Superimposed on this long-term influence, short-term temperature fluctuations linked to precipitation events reveal the role of advective heat transfer associated with rapid infiltration and mixing in the main conduit. Temperature and electrical conductivity contrasts between the underground river and a lateral tributary indicate that multiple reservoirs contribute to aquifer recharge.</p>","PeriodicalId":94022,"journal":{"name":"Ground water","volume":" ","pages":"363-374"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147470653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ground waterPub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-04-02DOI: 10.1111/gwat.70068
Jiu J Jiao
{"title":"Bronze Age Sacred Wells of Sardinia, Italy: Groundwater Access Without Water Utility.","authors":"Jiu J Jiao","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70068","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Late Bronze Age Sardinia, Italy (ca. 1350-1200 BC), communities constructed distinctive stone structures centered on vertical shafts intersecting the groundwater table or monumentalized natural springs. Conventionally termed pozzi sacri (\"sacred wells\") or \"well temples\" in archeological literature, approximately 66 sites containing 75 monuments have been documented. Included on Italy's Tentative List for UNESCO World Heritage nomination, these monuments have attracted considerable public interest and continue to draw visitors from around the world. These structures feature elaborate masonry, descending staircases, and ritual deposits, yet their design appears poorly optimized for water collection which is significantly different from sacred wells elsewhere in the world. This note examines the physical dimensions of these monuments, highlighting that although excavation depths vary, with some extending significantly below the water table, chambers were designed to accommodate shallow water accumulation rather than deep storage. Using Santa Cristina, Cuccuru Nuraxi, and Su Tempiesu-Orune as case studies, the analysis demonstrates that paved chamber floors and design choices distinguishing these structures from utilitarian wells are consistent across the inventory. While the term \"well\" implies water extraction, the archeological evidence suggests groundwater may have been conceptualized as a subterranean boundary rather than a primary resource target.</p>","PeriodicalId":94022,"journal":{"name":"Ground water","volume":" ","pages":"375-382"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ground waterPub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-03-19DOI: 10.1111/gwat.70061
Rodrigo Hererra
{"title":"Emerging Architectures: A Performance Benchmark of Apple ARM Silicon for Groundwater Modeling.","authors":"Rodrigo Hererra","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70061","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This benchmark demonstrates that cost-effective consumer ARM desktop clusters can match the parallel modeling throughput of high-end 64-core ×86 workstations. These findings offer groundwater modelers a highly efficient, thermally stable alternative for computationally intensive PEST workflows at a fraction of traditional hardware costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":94022,"journal":{"name":"Ground water","volume":" ","pages":"258-262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147489113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ground waterPub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1111/gwat.70052
Martin Roth, Jared Grove, Andy Davis, James Cornell
{"title":"Improvements on Scalable and Reproducible Cloud Implementation of Numerical Groundwater Modeling.","authors":"Martin Roth, Jared Grove, Andy Davis, James Cornell","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70052","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the past decade the groundwater modeling industry has trended toward more computationally intensive methods that necessarily require more parallel computing power due to the number of model runs required for these methods. Groundwater modeling that requires many parallel model runs is often limited by numerical burden or by the modeler's access to computational resources. Over the last 15 years the evolution of the cloud in accelerating groundwater model solutions has progressed; however, there are no apparent literature reviews of MODFLOW and PEST cloud implementation, specifically with regards to open-source and efficient scalable solutions. Here we describe infrastructure as code used to develop the architecture for running PEST++ in parallel on the cloud using Docker containers and open-source software to allow simple and repeatable cloud execution. The architecture utilizes Amazon Web Services and Terraform to facilitate cloud deployment and monitoring. A publicly available MODFLOW-6 model was used to evaluate parallel performance locally and in the cloud. Local model runs were found to have a linear 12 s increase in model run time per agent on a typical office computer compared to the cloud implementation's 0.02 s per model, indicating near perfect scaling even at up to 200 concurrent model runs. A consulting groundwater model was calibrated with the cloud infrastructure, which enabled acceleration of project completion at minimal cost.</p>","PeriodicalId":94022,"journal":{"name":"Ground water","volume":" ","pages":"350-359"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146109330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ground waterPub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-04-30DOI: 10.1111/gwat.70073
Michael N Fienen, Joseph D Hughes, Christian D Langevin, Eric D Morway, Sorab Panday, Alden M Provost, Martijn J Russcher
{"title":"A New Era of Collaborative MODFLOW Development.","authors":"Michael N Fienen, Joseph D Hughes, Christian D Langevin, Eric D Morway, Sorab Panday, Alden M Provost, Martijn J Russcher","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70073","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.70073","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94022,"journal":{"name":"Ground water","volume":" ","pages":"250-251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}