Ground water最新文献_第3页

IF 2.6

Ground water Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.12008

Franklin W Schwartz

{"title":"Zombie-science and beyond.","authors":"Franklin W Schwartz","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12008","url":null,"abstract":"According to Haitian Creole lore, a zombie is a dead person brought back to life using magic. By analogy, zombie-science is research that should be dead, but magically lives on. So what is the origin of zombie-science in groundwater, why does the magic still work to keep research alive, and finally, do we really still have the capacity for innovation? Not every paper written can—nor should be—an innovative blockbuster. Thomas Kuhn’s view on progress in science was that more than just revolutions were needed and “something different must necessarily go on in between” (Kuhn, 2000). That something is what Kuhn called normal science—the incremental work of embellishing ideas and filling in details. Zombie-science is essentially normal science run amok, the land where embellishments and detail-filling never die. In some areas of groundwater, normal science, apparently uninterrupted by revolutionary spurts, has been in progress for more than 50 years. The cost is represented by an inefficient use of human capital in research, stagnation of the field, and journals full of information that only few care about. The cost of research-not-done on key problems is unknowable. I attributed stagnation in the past to comfort with research paradigms; unwillingness to part with methods, facilities, and field sites; or the maturing of the field. Undoubtedly, these factors contribute, but my view has shifted to simply linking zombie-science to a lack of funding. Some fields, most notably, medical science, (e.g., neurobiology, molecular genetics) are awash in full-time researchers taking their studies in unique directions. It is possible to do good science without money. But broadly speaking, even zombie magic cannot put life back into research founded on collections of ordinary data, routine project work, and too little time. Given the present economic conditions and the depressed government support for water sciences, perhaps the best we can hope for future funding is something like the status quo.","PeriodicalId":94022,"journal":{"name":"Ground water","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/gwat.12008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40203373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Design and application of a direct-push vadose zone gravel permeameter. 直推式气相带砾石渗透率仪的设计与应用。

IF 2.6

Ground water Pub Date : 2012-07-01 Epub Date: 2012-04-26 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00938.x

W Daniel Reynolds, Jeffrey K Lewis

引用次数: 1

Spatial and temporal infiltration dynamics during managed aquifer recharge. 含水层补给过程中的时空入渗动态。

IF 2.6

Ground water Pub Date : 2012-07-01 Epub Date: 2011-11-03 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00875.x

Andrew J Racz, Andrew T Fisher, Calla M Schmidt, Brian S Lockwood, Marc Los Huertos

{"title":"Spatial and temporal infiltration dynamics during managed aquifer recharge.","authors":"Andrew J Racz, Andrew T Fisher, Calla M Schmidt, Brian S Lockwood, Marc Los Huertos","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00875.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00875.x","url":null,"abstract":"Natural groundwater recharge is inherently difficult to quantify and predict, largely because it comprises a series of processes that are spatially distributed and temporally variable. Infiltration ponds used for managed aquifer recharge (MAR) provide an opportunity to quantify recharge processes across multiple scales under semi-controlled conditions. We instrumented a 3-ha MAR infiltration pond to measure and compare infiltration patterns determined using whole-pond and point-specific methods. Whole-pond infiltration was determined by closing a transient water budget (accounting for inputs, outputs, and changes in storage), whereas point-specific infiltration rates were determined using heat as a tracer and time series analysis at eight locations in the base of the pond. Whole-pond infiltration, normalized for wetted area, rose rapidly to more than 1.0 m/d at the start of MAR operations (increasing as pond stage rose), was sustained at high rates for the next 40 d, and then decreased to less than 0.1 m/d by the end of the recharge season. Point-specific infiltration rates indicated high spatial and temporal variability, with the mean of measured values generally being lower than rates indicated by whole-pond calculations. Colocated measurements of head gradients within saturated soils below the pond were combined with infiltration rates to calculate soil hydraulic conductivity. Observations indicate a brief period of increasing saturated hydraulic conductivity, followed by a decrease of one to two orders of magnitude during the next 50 to 75 d. Locations indicating the most rapid infiltration shifted laterally during MAR operation, and we suggest that infiltration may function as a \"variable source area\" processes, conceptually similar to catchment runoff.","PeriodicalId":94022,"journal":{"name":"Ground water","volume":" ","pages":"562-70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00875.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40126535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 52

Restoration of wadi aquifers by artificial recharge with treated waste water. 用处理过的废水人工回灌恢复河道含水层。

IF 2.6

Ground water Pub Date : 2012-07-01 Epub Date: 2012-04-26 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00941.x

Thomas M Missimer, Jörg E Drewes, Gary Amy, Robert G Maliva, Stephanie Keller

{"title":"Restoration of wadi aquifers by artificial recharge with treated waste water.","authors":"Thomas M Missimer, Jörg E Drewes, Gary Amy, Robert G Maliva, Stephanie Keller","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00941.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00941.x","url":null,"abstract":"Fresh water resources within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are a rare and precious commodity that must be managed within a context of integrated water management. Wadi aquifers contain a high percentage of the naturally occurring fresh groundwater in the Kingdom. This resource is currently overused and has become depleted or contaminated at many locations. One resource that could be used to restore or enhance the fresh water resources within wadi aquifers is treated municipal waste water (reclaimed water). Each year about 80 percent of the country's treated municipal waste water is discharged to waste without any beneficial use. These discharges not only represent a lost water resource, but also create a number of adverse environmental impacts, such as damage to sensitive nearshore marine environments and creation of high-salinity interior surface water areas. An investigation of the hydrogeology of wadi aquifers in Saudi Arabia revealed that these aquifers can be used to develop aquifer recharge and recovery (ARR) systems that will be able to treat the impaired-quality water, store it until needed, and allow recovery of the water for transmittal to areas in demand. Full-engineered ARR systems can be designed at high capacities within wadi aquifer systems that can operate in concert with the natural role of wadis, while providing the required functions of additional treatment, storage and recovery of reclaimed water, while reducing the need to develop additional, energy-intensive desalination to meet new water supply demands.","PeriodicalId":94022,"journal":{"name":"Ground water","volume":" ","pages":"514-27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00941.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40183995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 67

A wet/wet differential pressure sensor for measuring vertical hydraulic gradient. 用于测量垂直水力梯度的湿/湿差压传感器。

IF 2.6

Ground water Pub Date : 2010-01-01 Epub Date: 2009-07-31 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00609.x

Brad G Fritz, Rob D Mackley

{"title":"A wet/wet differential pressure sensor for measuring vertical hydraulic gradient.","authors":"Brad G Fritz, Rob D Mackley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00609.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00609.x","url":null,"abstract":"Vertical hydraulic gradient is commonly measured in rivers, lakes, and streams for studies of groundwater-surface water interaction. While a number of methods with subtle differences have been applied, these methods can generally be separated into two categories; measuring surface water elevation and pressure in the subsurface separately or making direct measurements of the head difference with a manometer. Making separate head measurements allows for the use of electronic pressure sensors, providing large datasets that are particularly useful when the vertical hydraulic gradient fluctuates over time. On the other hand, using a manometer-based method provides an easier and more rapid measurement with a simpler computation to calculate the vertical hydraulic gradient. In this study, we evaluated a wet/wet differential pressure sensor for use in measuring vertical hydraulic gradient. This approach combines the advantage of high-temporal frequency measurements obtained with instrumented piezometers with the simplicity and reduced potential for human-induced error obtained with a manometer board method. Our results showed that the wet/wet differential pressure sensor provided results comparable to more traditional methods, making it an acceptable method for future use.","PeriodicalId":94022,"journal":{"name":"Ground water","volume":" ","pages":"117-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00609.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40020327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

A forward modeling approach for interpreting impeller flow logs. 一种解释叶轮流动测井曲线的正演建模方法。

IF 2.6

Ground water Pub Date : 2010-01-01 Epub Date: 2009-07-24 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00600.x

Alison H Parker, L Jared West, Noelle E Odling, Richard T Bown

引用次数: 20

Calibration of parameter fields consisting of multiple statistical populations. 校正由多个统计总体组成的参数场。

IF 2.6

Ground water Pub Date : 2010-01-01 Epub Date: 2009-07-31 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00607.x

Gijs M C M Janssen, Johan R Valstar

{"title":"Calibration of parameter fields consisting of multiple statistical populations.","authors":"Gijs M C M Janssen, Johan R Valstar","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00607.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00607.x","url":null,"abstract":"If a parameter field to be calibrated consists of more than one statistical population, usually not only the parameter values are uncertain, but the spatial distributions of the populations are uncertain as well. In this study, we demonstrate the potential of the multimodal calibration method we proposed recently for the calibration of such fields, as applied to real-world ground water models with several additional stochastic parameter fields. Our method enables the calibration of the spatial distribution of the statistical populations, as well as their spatially correlated parameterization, while honoring the complete prior geostatistical definition of the multimodal parameter field. We illustrate the implications of the method in terms of the reliability of the posterior model by comparing its performance to that of a \"conventional\" calibration approach in which the positions of the statistical populations are not allowed to change. Information from synthetic calibration runs is used to show how ignoring the uncertainty involved in the positions of the statistical populations not only denies the modeler the opportunity to use the measurement information to improve these positions but also unduly influences the posterior intrapopulation distributions, causes unjustified adjustments to the cocalibrated parameter fields, and results in poorer observation reproduction. The proposed multimodal calibration allows a more complete treatment of the relevant uncertainties, which prevents the abovementioned adverse effects and renders a more trustworthy posterior model.","PeriodicalId":94022,"journal":{"name":"Ground water","volume":" ","pages":"92-105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00607.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40020331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Studies of water velocity in the capillary fringe: the point velocity probe. 毛细条纹中水流速度的研究:点速度探针。

IF 2.6

Ground water Pub Date : 2010-01-01 Epub Date: 2009-07-31 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00606.x

S J Berg, R W Gillham

{"title":"Studies of water velocity in the capillary fringe: the point velocity probe.","authors":"S J Berg, R W Gillham","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00606.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00606.x","url":null,"abstract":"The point velocity probe (PVP) is a device that can measure groundwater velocity at the centimeter scale, and unlike devices that measure velocity within well screens, the PVP operates while in direct contact with the porous medium. Because of this feature, it was postulated that the PVP could be effective in measuring velocity within the capillary fringe. This hypothesis was tested using a laboratory flow-through cell filled with a medium-fine sand from Canadian Forces Base Borden. The cell was constructed to simulate conditions such that the PVP was positioned from 2.5 cm below the water table to 79 cm above the water table. As the water table was lowered, the PVP gave highly consistent values of velocity over the range equivalent to 2.5 cm below the water table to 44 cm above the water table, the approximate extent of the capillary fringe. The average measured velocity was 11.3 cm/d +/- 11.6%, somewhat higher than that calculated based on the measured discharge through the cell (7.5 cm/d +/- 5.5%). With a further decline in the water table there was a progressive decrease in the measured velocity values, consistent with the declining hydraulic conductivity as the sand material drained. Readings could not be made beyond about 57 cm, where the water content was approximately 75% of saturation. These experiments showed that the PVP is capable of measuring groundwater velocity within the saturated zone above the water table and possibly into the unsaturated zone. Currently, this is the only instrument available with this capability.","PeriodicalId":94022,"journal":{"name":"Ground water","volume":" ","pages":"59-67"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00606.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40020333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

Analysis of an unconfined aquifer subject to asynchronous dual-tide propagation. 非同步双潮传播的无承压含水层分析。

IF 2.6

Ground water Pub Date : 2008-03-01 Epub Date: 2008-01-09 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00412.x

Kolja Rotzoll, Aly I El-Kadi, Stephen B Gingerich

{"title":"Analysis of an unconfined aquifer subject to asynchronous dual-tide propagation.","authors":"Kolja Rotzoll, Aly I El-Kadi, Stephen B Gingerich","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00412.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00412.x","url":null,"abstract":"Most published solutions for aquifer responses to ocean tides focus on the one-sided attenuation of the signal as it propagates inland. However, island aquifers experience periodic forcing from the entire coast, which can lead to integrated effects of different tidal signals, especially on narrow high-permeability islands. In general, studies disregard a potential time lag as the tidal wave sweeps around the island. We present a one-dimensional analytical solution to the ground water flow equation subject to asynchronous and asymmetric oscillating head conditions on opposite boundaries and test it on data from an unconfined volcanic aquifer in Maui. The solution considers sediment-damping effects at the coastline. The response of Maui Aquifers indicate that water table elevations near the center of the aquifer are influenced by a combination of tides from opposite coasts. A better match between the observed ground water head and the theoretical response can be obtained with the proposed dual-tide solution than with single-sided solutions. Hydraulic diffusivity was estimated to be 2.3 x 10(7) m(2)/d. This translates into a hydraulic conductivity of 500 m/d, assuming a specific yield of 0.04 and an aquifer thickness of 1.8 km. A numerical experiment confirmed the hydraulic diffusivity value and showed that the y-intercepts of the modal attenuation and phase differences estimated by regression can approximate damping factors caused by low-permeability units at the boundary.","PeriodicalId":94022,"journal":{"name":"Ground water","volume":" ","pages":"239-50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2008-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00412.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41064499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 71

The influence of geologic structures on deformation due to ground water withdrawal. 地质构造对地下水抽取变形的影响。

IF 2.6

Ground water Pub Date : 2008-03-01 Epub Date: 2008-01-11 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00395.x

Thomas J Burbey

{"title":"The influence of geologic structures on deformation due to ground water withdrawal.","authors":"Thomas J Burbey","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00395.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00395.x","url":null,"abstract":"A 62 day controlled aquifer test was conducted in thick alluvial deposits at Mesquite, Nevada, for the purpose of monitoring horizontal and vertical surface deformations using a high-precision global positioning system (GPS) network. Initial analysis of the data indicated an anisotropic aquifer system on the basis of the observed radial and tangential deformations. However, new InSAR data seem to indicate that the site may be bounded by an oblique normal fault as the subsidence bowl is both truncated to the northwest and offset from the pumping well to the south. A finite-element numerical model was developed using ABAQUS to evaluate the potential location and hydromechanical properties of the fault based on the observed horizontal deformations. Simulation results indicate that for the magnitude and direction of motion at the pumping well and at other GPS stations, which is toward the southeast (away from the inferred fault), the fault zone (5 m wide) must possess a very high permeability and storage coefficient and cross the study area in a northeast-southwest direction. Simulated horizontal and vertical displacements that include the fault zone closely match observed displacements and indicate the likelihood of the presence of the inferred fault. This analysis shows how monitoring horizontal displacements can provide valuable information about faults, and boundary conditions in general, in evaluating aquifer systems during an aquifer test.","PeriodicalId":94022,"journal":{"name":"Ground water","volume":" ","pages":"202-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2008-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00395.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41065056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 44