Ground water最新文献

{"title":"Addressing the Problem of Hard-to-Reach Unpublished Data from Theses in University Repositories.","authors":"Héctor L Venegas-Quiñones, Pablo A Garcia-Chevesich, Madeleine Guillen, Francisco Alejo, John E McCray","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Researchers frequently encounter challenges in accessing valuable data encapsulated within university theses, which are predominantly archived in PDF format and remain unpublished in repositories. These documents often encompass original research, including vital environmental and hydrological data, yet they pose difficulties for searching or analysis due to inconsistent formatting and inefficient repository search tools such as keyword searches, which lead to an overwhelming list of documents. Our research team, engaged in developing a groundwater database for the Arequipa region of Peru, encountered this issue directly, with numerous relevant theses dispersed across local university repositories. The manual review process proved excessively time-consuming, necessitating the development of an innovative, automated solution. Our multi-step methodology commenced with optical character recognition (OCR) and Python scripts for keyword scoring, followed by the employment of Large Language Models (LLMs), notably Google's Gemini and the locally hosted Ollama, to semantically analyze content. This facilitated the identification and extraction of pertinent data (e.g., water quality parameters, well locations) and its organization into usable formats such as Excel spreadsheets; subsequent manual checks confirmed a high level of accuracy. The final system enables users to query an extensive number of documents swiftly and contextually, effectively overcoming traditional keyword search limitations. The tool is presently being disseminated among local researchers and institutions, offering a robust solution for accessing and managing regional groundwater data. This methodology possesses the potential for global scaling and adaptation, thereby enhancing access to gray literature and expediting scientific discovery across various disciplines.</p>","PeriodicalId":94022,"journal":{"name":"Ground water","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wellbore Skin: Why Its Presence and Properties Are So Difficult to Predict.","authors":"Georg J Houben, Matthias Halisch, Reiner Dohrmann, Axel Lamparter, Kristian Ufer, Christin Damian, Daniel Boz","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.13498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The presence of positive wellbore skin, that is, deposits of fine-grained particles from the drilling fluid on the borehole wall, significantly affects the efficiency of water wells. Previous studies of skin samples have shown a significant variability in typology, thickness, and composition but were largely unable to explain the differences. In order to overcome this problem, we therefore (1) significantly expanded the sample data base by investigating skin samples from nine wells with very similar geological and technical conditions and (2) investigated the evolution of the density of drilling fluids during the drilling. The former is done in order to evaluate differences in skin thickness and composition, and the latter to study the differential mobilization of particles. Incohesive and poorly sorted layers form the source of the particles, while the thickest accumulation of particles occurs in highly permeable layers, where the highest exfiltration rates initially occur. For well drillers, we recommend continuous monitoring of drilling fluid density to obtain a measure of the presence of particle-providing layers and the probability of wellbore skin formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94022,"journal":{"name":"Ground water","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Hydrogeologic Parameters at the Cape Cod Hydrology Research Site.","authors":"Ferenc Székely","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article deals with computer analysis of flow to pumping well partially penetrating the high conductivity porous water table aquifer. Water level depletion in the pumping well, 3 partially penetrating observation wells, and 6 piezometers of short screen are evaluated in the analysis. The WT software considers the delayed gravity drainage caused by dewatering of the overlying unsaturated zone. This flow is emulated as diffusive crossflow or leakage from an aquitard with an impervious top. The analytical method by Hantush (1962) is applied to confirm the aquifer parameters using the late time drawdown data in all observation wells and piezometers. The software PEST is employed to optimize the aquifer properties and the presumably laminar specific radial loss parameter of the pumping well. The results are compared with two earlier analyses. The k_r and k_z parameters fit the relevant data by Moench et al. (2001), whereas the S_y parameter is close to the value by Tartakovsky and Neuman (2007). An intermediate value is found for the S_s parameter.</p>","PeriodicalId":94022,"journal":{"name":"Ground water","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144585967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability and Scale Dependence of Hydraulic Conductivity for Hanford Site Sand and Gravel Aquifers.","authors":"Raziuddin Khaleel","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents a comprehensive compilation of a hydraulic conductivity (K) database (over 800 measurements) collected over the past seven decades, encompassing test volumes ranging from laboratory to field scales for two principal sedimentary units at the Hanford site in south-central Washington State. Despite both units being gravel-dominated, the geometric mean K of the Hanford formation is orders of magnitude higher than that of the Ringold Formation for the permeameter and pumping test data. In contrast, the lnK variance across test volumes shows only moderate variation between the two units. Analysis of K values across different support scales reveals a clear scale dependence for the Hanford formation, contrasting with Ringold, which exhibits scale-invariant behavior at the field scale. These differences arise from their distinct depositional processes; while the Ringold Formation was deposited gradually over geologic time by fluvial systems, producing consistent K, the Hanford formation was deposited abruptly by catastrophic glacial floods, leading to scale-dependent K variability. The study underscores that scale dependence in unconsolidated sand and gravel aquifers is common but not universal. Calibrated inverse modeling of regional groundwater flow yields high K estimates, with the average for the Hanford formation paleochannel being ~15,000 m/d, ranging from 1002 to 21,514 m/d. Multiple lines of evidence, including pumping tests, support these model-calibrated high K estimates for the Hanford formation paleochannel comprised of open framework gravels. For both sedimentary units, the upscaled K estimates align with the inverse model-calibrated estimates for non-channel portions of the Hanford and Ringold formations. While previous studies examined scale dependence using data from multiple sites, this study focuses on a single site with two sedimentary units analyzed across multiple support scales. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the most extensive compilation of K data for two gravel-dominated formations at the same site, incorporating both laboratory and field test results across varied scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":94022,"journal":{"name":"Ground water","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144531959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification and Analysis of Hydrograph Behavior Using Groundwater Signatures.","authors":"Raoul A Collenteur, Martin A Vonk, Ezra Haaf","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.13486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study of hydraulic head changes over time is a common task for groundwater hydrologists. Groundwater signatures are numerical metrics, or statistical aggregates, that quantify the behavior observed in hydraulic head hydrographs. Signatures can be helpful in a number of classical hydrological tasks, such as hydrograph classification, clustering, change detection, and model evaluation, selection, and calibration. Despite the potential benefits of using signatures in groundwater studies, their application has not yet been thoroughly explored. To support research into the application of signatures in groundwater studies, we introduce the new groundwater signatures module from the Pastas software. The signatures module is written in Python, fully tested and documented, and available as open-source software under the MIT license. In this paper, it is shown how the signatures are tested and can be used in practical applications through two examples. In the first example, signatures are used to characterize and cluster monitoring wells in a nationwide monitoring network in Switzerland. In the second example, signatures are used to evaluate how well different groundwater model structures simulate the heads. Future research opportunities involving groundwater signatures are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":94022,"journal":{"name":"Ground water","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Explicit Solver for MODFLOW Enabling Small Time Step Simulations.","authors":"Babak Azari, Brian Waldron, Farhad Jazaei","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.13483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) models, such as MODFLOW and HEC-RAS, have been explored to simulate the complexities of SW-GW interactions. However, individual models are not capable of capturing the full complexity of these interactions. To overcome individual models' shortcomings, researchers introduced the model coupling concept. This concept helps compensate for each individual model's shortcomings and incorporates the models' advantages. However, challenges arise from temporal scale disparities between SW and GW models. To tackle the temporal scale issue, this study introduces the novel explicit solver (EXP1) for MODFLOW 2005, enabling GW modeling using small time steps matching SW models (i.e., 15 min) by reducing runtime and computational burden. The EXP1 solver incorporates an integrated stability criterion to ensure the stability of explicit schemes, and it was systematically evaluated against the Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (PCG) solver across various scenarios, including a 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, and a vast 3-dimensional model. Results demonstrated the efficiency and accuracy of EXP1 in predicting groundwater heads and water budget, along with considerably reduced runtimes of up to 33% compared with the PCG solver, with less than 0.4% discrepancy in the water budget. These findings underscore the effectiveness of EXP1 in facilitating groundwater small time step simulations and bridging the temporal scale gap between SW and GW models.</p>","PeriodicalId":94022,"journal":{"name":"Ground water","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143813253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of clay zones on land subsidence from groundwater pumping.","authors":"Muniram Budhu,&nbsp;Ibrahim Adiyaman","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00943.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00943.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this article is to analyze the influence of clay zones on subsidence from groundwater pumping. Finite element analyses were conducted on a sand-only aquifer and a sand aquifer with two clay zones located at different distances from the well face. A model that accounts for recoverable and nonrecoverable strains was used to simulate the sand and clay. This model couples the groundwater flow with the stress-deformation response of the aquifer materials. Each aquifer was pumped from a single well for a period of 6 months, and then the groundwater level was lowered gradually to an elevation below the elevation of the clay zones and kept there for 10 years. The groundwater level was then raised gradually back to the original elevation over a period of 10 years. The results of the analyses show that the ground surface subsidence profile is strongly influenced by the presence of the clays zones. The ground surface sags where these clay zones are present resulting in a wavy ground surface profile. Subsidence continued when pumping is stopped, albeit at a much slower rate than during pumping, and when the groundwater level is below the elevation of the clay zones. Clay zones further away from the well face lag the subsidence of clay zones nearer the well face because of lower changes in hydrostatic head. Sags in ground surface subsidence profile from groundwater pumping are indicators of the presence of low hydraulic conductive geological materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":94022,"journal":{"name":"Ground water","volume":" ","pages":"51-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00943.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40185539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arsenic removal from natural groundwater using cupric oxide.","authors":"K J Reddy,&nbsp;T R Roth","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00926.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00926.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Groundwater is a main source of drinking water for some rural areas. People in these rural areas are potentially at risk from elevated levels of arsenic (As) due to a lack of water treatment facilities. The objectives of this study were to (1) measure As concentrations in approximately 50 groundwater samples from rural domestic wells in the western United States, (2) explore the potential of cupric oxide (CuO) particles in removal of As from groundwater samples under natural conditions (i.e., without adding competing anions and adjusting the pH or oxidation state), and (3) determine the effects of As removal on the chemistry of groundwater samples. Forty-six groundwater well samples from rural domestic areas were tested in this study. More than 50% of these samples exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Limit (US EPA MCL) of 10 µg/L for As. CuO particles effectively removed As from groundwater samples across a wide range of pH (7.11 and 8.95) and concentrations of competing anions including phosphate (<0.05 to 3.06 mg/L), silica (<1 to 54.5 mg/L), and sulfate (1.3 to 735 mg/L). Removal of As showed minor effects on the chemistry of groundwater samples, therefore most of the water quality parameters remained within the US EPA MCLs. Overall, results of this study could help develop a simple one-step process to remove As from groundwater.</p>","PeriodicalId":94022,"journal":{"name":"Ground water","volume":" ","pages":"83-91"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00926.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40203374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grid refinement in Cartesian coordinates for groundwater flow models using the divergence theorem and Taylor's series.","authors":"M M Mansour,&nbsp;A E F Spink","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00924.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00924.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Grid refinement is introduced in a numerical groundwater model to increase the accuracy of the solution over local areas without compromising the run time of the model. Numerical methods developed for grid refinement suffered certain drawbacks, for example, deficiencies in the implemented interpolation technique; the non-reciprocity in head calculations or flow calculations; lack of accuracy resulting from high truncation errors, and numerical problems resulting from the construction of elongated meshes. A refinement scheme based on the divergence theorem and Taylor's expansions is presented in this article. This scheme is based on the work of De Marsily (1986) but includes more terms of the Taylor's series to improve the numerical solution. In this scheme, flow reciprocity is maintained and high order of refinement was achievable. The new numerical method is applied to simulate groundwater flows in homogeneous and heterogeneous confined aquifers. It produced results with acceptable degrees of accuracy. This method shows the potential for its application to solving groundwater heads over nested meshes with irregular shapes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94022,"journal":{"name":"Ground water","volume":" ","pages":"66-75"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00924.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40157281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zombie-science and beyond.","authors":"Franklin W Schwartz","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12008","url":null,"abstract":"According to Haitian Creole lore, a zombie is a dead person brought back to life using magic. By analogy, zombie-science is research that should be dead, but magically lives on. So what is the origin of zombie-science in groundwater, why does the magic still work to keep research alive, and finally, do we really still have the capacity for innovation? Not every paper written can—nor should be—an innovative blockbuster. Thomas Kuhn’s view on progress in science was that more than just revolutions were needed and “something different must necessarily go on in between” (Kuhn, 2000). That something is what Kuhn called normal science—the incremental work of embellishing ideas and filling in details. Zombie-science is essentially normal science run amok, the land where embellishments and detail-filling never die. In some areas of groundwater, normal science, apparently uninterrupted by revolutionary spurts, has been in progress for more than 50 years. The cost is represented by an inefficient use of human capital in research, stagnation of the field, and journals full of information that only few care about. The cost of research-not-done on key problems is unknowable. I attributed stagnation in the past to comfort with research paradigms; unwillingness to part with methods, facilities, and field sites; or the maturing of the field. Undoubtedly, these factors contribute, but my view has shifted to simply linking zombie-science to a lack of funding. Some fields, most notably, medical science, (e.g., neurobiology, molecular genetics) are awash in full-time researchers taking their studies in unique directions. It is possible to do good science without money. But broadly speaking, even zombie magic cannot put life back into research founded on collections of ordinary data, routine project work, and too little time. Given the present economic conditions and the depressed government support for water sciences, perhaps the best we can hope for future funding is something like the status quo.","PeriodicalId":94022,"journal":{"name":"Ground water","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/gwat.12008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40203373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}