European journal of sport science最新文献

{"title":"A cross-sectional study comparing passive and eccentric modes of an isokinetic dynamometer to assess eccentric torque in trained athletes: Methodological considerations","authors":"Anne Delextrat,&nbsp;Andreu Sastre-Munar,&nbsp;Mark de Ste Croix,&nbsp;Gregory Walsh","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12248","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsc.12248","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Some technical limitations to using the eccentric mode to measure peak eccentric strength of the hamstrings (PTH_ecc) were raised. PTH_ecc also has limited validity to predict performance or injury risk factor. Therefore, our aim was to compare PTH_ecc and other isokinetic variables tested in the eccentric and passive modes. Twenty male hockey players (20.2 ± 1.1 years; 179.7 ± 6.9 cm; 73.4 ± 7.1 kg and 12.2 ± 3.4% of body fat) performed maximal eccentric contractions of the hamstrings at 60°·s⁻¹ (three repetitions) and 180°·s⁻¹ (five repetitions) on both legs and using the eccentric mode and the passive mode (automatic movement of the lever arm) of the Biodex System 4 isokinetic dynamometer. The following variables were measured: PTH_ecc, the angle of peak torque (APT,°), angle-specific H_ecc torque at intervals of 10° and the rate of torque development (RTD) in the first 50 ms and the first 100 ms. The main results showed that compared to the eccentric mode, the passive mode led to a significantly greater PTH_ecc in the non-dominant leg only and significantly smaller APT, RTD and angle-specific H_ecc at angles close to knee flexion. In contrast, significantly greater angle-specific H_ecc was observed in the passive mode at angles close to extension (10°–40°). This suggests that, although eccentric or concentric modes can be used to compare isokinetic data to existing literature, it is preferable to use the passive mode to assess peak torque or torque close to knee extension. The eccentric mode might be better to assess variables at the start of movement such as RTD.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11761717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143049205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Acute Effects Of Hip Thrust and Glute Bridge Exercises With Different Loads on Sprint Performance and Horizontal Force–Velocity Profile in Adolescent Soccer Players: A Post-Activation Performance Enhancement Approach","authors":"Salih Çabuk,&nbsp;İzzet İnce","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12255","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsc.12255","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the acute effects of post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) with different loads (84% and 60% 1-RM) and exercises (hip thrust; HT and glute bridge; GB) on sprint performance (SP) and horizontal force–velocity (HF–V) profile components in adolescent male soccer players. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups: hip thrust group (HTG; <i>n</i> = 13), glute bridge group (GBG; <i>n</i> = 13), and control group (CG; <i>n</i> = 14). Sprint tests at distances of 10, 20, and 30 m were conducted pre-PAPE and post-PAPE protocols with a 7 min rest period. HTG and GBG executed HT and GB exercises at 84% and 60% of their 1-RM loads. Hedge's g was computed to assess within-group (pre-PAPE vs. post-PAPE) comparisons (Within-ES) and between-group (post-PAPE protocols) comparisons (Between-ES). PAPE protocols at 84% and 60% 1-RM loads demonstrated moderate effects on F0_rel, P_maxrel, FV_slope, and D_RF and small effects on V₀, RF_max, and S_20m in both HTG and GBG. Conversely, the CG exhibited trivial effects across parameters. Compared to the HTG 84% 1-RM protocol, the GBG 84% 1-RM protocol showed small effects on V₀ and S_10m. The HTG 60% 1-RM protocol had a small effect on RF_max compared to both GBG 84% and 60% 1-RM protocols. Both HTG and GBG 84% and 60% 1-RM protocols demonstrated small effects on S_30m compared to the CG. These findings suggest that GB exercises may offer a viable alternative to HT exercises for eliciting PAPE effects, particularly in enhancing SP and related mechanics in adolescent soccer players.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11745155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143018766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental fatigue increases perception of effort but does not compromise the inhibitory control of football referees during a match simulation physical task","authors":"Cássio Zacarias Lopes de Lima,&nbsp;Leonardo de Sousa Fortes,&nbsp;Daniel Alvarez Pires,&nbsp;Hugo Enrico Souza Machado,&nbsp;Andreza Do Socorro Dantas Oliveira,&nbsp;Victor Silveira Coswig,&nbsp;Eduardo Macedo Penna","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12222","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsc.12222","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Executive functioning (EF) in referees is associated with their decision-making during a match and can be affected by mental fatigue (MF), a psychobiological state induced by prolonged periods of cognitive activity or high cognitive demand within a short timeframe. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of MF on EF and the perception of effort during a physical task for football referees. Twelve male professional football referees were recruited (32 ± 7.3 years; 1.75 ± 0.06 cm; 85 ± 13.32 kg; 41.4 ± 5.92 mL kg⁻¹ min⁻¹ VO2max), visiting the laboratory on three occasions: one for characterization and familiarization and two experimental manipulations: high cognitive load (MF) and low cognitive load. After manipulations, they performed a physical task designed to replicate the physical demands of an official match. During the physical task, executive functioning was tested with a reaction time task and the ratings of perceived effort were assessed using subjective scales. The results revealed no effect of MF on response time performance (<i>p</i> = 0.395). However, higher perceptions of effort were observed in the high cognitive load condition (<i>p</i> = 0.018), which may impact physical performance. Despite the alteration in the perception of effort due to mental fatigue, executive function performance of football referees remained unimpaired.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsc.12222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143018769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Exergame Training on Executive Function and Heart Rate Variability in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Study","authors":"Tzu-Cheng Yu,&nbsp;Pei-Tzu Wu,&nbsp;Wen-Lan Wu,&nbsp;Yu-Kai Chang,&nbsp;Che-Hsien Chiang,&nbsp;I-Hua Chu","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12249","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsc.12249","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Exergame has become widely popular and offers great levels of cognitive demands, thus may facilitate cognitive benefits. In addition, researchers have proposed that cardiac autonomic function, assessed via heart rate variability (HRV), is associated with cognitive executive function. However, few exergame training studies have investigated this relationship. This study aimed to investigate the effects of 10-week exergame training on executive function and HRV in middle-aged and older adults. Ninety-one participants were randomly assigned to either an exergame training group (63.73 ± 4.48 years) or a control group (62.46 ± 4.77 years). The training program was 50 min per session, twice per week for 10 weeks. The control group was instructed to maintain their usual lifestyle. All participants completed questionnaires and received assessments of executive functions and electrocardiography at baseline and postintervention. Results revealed significant group-by-time interaction effects for the three indices of the digit span test and the total initiation time of the Tower of London task with better postintervention performances achieved by the exergame group. The 6 min walk test also improved significantly in the exergame group but not in the control group. No significant change in HRV was observed for both groups. There were significant correlations between HRV and digit span test scores. Our results suggest that the 10-week exergame training program was effective in improving executive functions of working memory, inhibitory control, and planning ability as well as aerobic fitness in middle-aged and older adults. Moreover, HRV was associated with improved executive function.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11738168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143018742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lateral End-Range Movement Profile and Shot Effectiveness During Grand Slam Tennis Match-Play","authors":"Cameron Armstrong,&nbsp;Peter Peeling,&nbsp;Alistair Murphy,&nbsp;Berwin A. Turlach,&nbsp;Machar Reid","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12250","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsc.12250","url":null,"abstract":"<p>End-range movements are among the most demanding but least understood in the sport of tennis. Using male Hawk-Eye data from match-play during the 2021–2023 Australian Open tournaments, we evaluated the speed, deceleration, acceleration, and shot quality characteristics of these types of movement in men's Grand Slam tennis. Lateral end-range movements that incorporated a change of direction (CoD) were identified for analysis using k-means (end-range) and random forest (CoD) machine learning models. Peak speed, average deceleration into the CoD, average reacceleration out of the CoD, and the quality of the shot played were computed. Players were grouped based on their ATP rankings (top 10, top 50, and outside top 50) to examine the influence of ranking on movement profiles and shot effectiveness. Our data showed that end-range movements profiles of top 10 and top 50 players were characterized by higher peak speed (<i>d</i> = 0.3–0.88), deceleration intensity (<i>d</i> = 0.25–0.63), and acceleration intensity (<i>d</i> = 0.06–0.51) when compared to players outside the top 50 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Top 10 players also demonstrated greater peak speeds (<i>d</i> = 0.59) and acceleration intensities (<i>d</i> = 0.45) compared to top 50 players (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). There was a nonlinear inverse relationship between peak speed and shot quality, such that, as peak speed increased, shot quality decreased—notwithstanding that top 10 players were more likely to hit high-quality shots at higher peak speeds. These results quantify the discrete kinematic characteristics of the sport's most challenging movement sequence and reveal, for the first time, that higher ranked players may possess superior movement potential on court.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11730432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142981055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity and Inter-Device Reliability of an Artificial Intelligence App for Real-Time Assessment of 505 Change of Direction Tests","authors":"Francisco J. Barrera-Domínguez,&nbsp;Paul A. Jones,&nbsp;Bartolomé J. Almagro,&nbsp;Jorge Molina-López","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12252","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsc.12252","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study aimed to explore the validity and inter-device reliability of a novel artificial intelligence app (Asstrapp) for real-time measurement of the traditional (tra505) and modified-505 (mod505) change of direction (COD) tests. Twenty-five male Sports Science students (age, 23.5 ± 3.27 years; body height, 178 ± 9.76 cm; body mass, 79.4 ± 14.7 kg) completed 12 trials each, consisting of six tra505 and six mod505 trials. Completion times were simultaneously recorded via single-beam electronic timing gates (ETG) and two different iPhones (APP1 and APP2). In total 300 trials were collected across the two tests, using all three devices, to establish the reliability and validity of the app. The coefficient of variation indicated a similar level of dispersion between the ETG (≤ 2.73%), APP1 (≤ 2.39%) and APP2 (≤ 2.52%). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) revealed excellent reliability among the three timing devices (ICC ≥ 0.99) and Asstrapp relative reliability was excellent for both APP1 (ICC ≥ 0.91) and APP2 (ICC ≥ 0.91). There was a practically perfect correlation and agreement between ETG and Asstrapp (APP1: <i>r</i> = 0.97; APP2: <i>r</i> = 0.97) for both COD tests. However, small but significant differences were found between smartphones and ETG for tra505 (ES ≤ 0.33; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Collectively, these findings support the use of Asstrapp for real-time assessment of both 505 COD tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11730434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nation-wide cross-sectional study of participation and predictors of enjoyment among Australian adult walking sport participants","authors":"Jasmine M Petersen,&nbsp;Cath J Connolly,&nbsp;Lucy K Lewis","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12246","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsc.12246","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examined participation and predictors of walking sports enjoyment among Australian adult walking sport participants. An online cross-sectional survey assessed walking sport participation, enjoyment, and barriers and motives to participation. Physical activity behavior and motivations were also assessed. The sample comprised 294 walking sport participants (M_age = 62.9 ± 10.5 years). Participants engaged in a variety of walking sports (e.g., football, netball, and basketball) and largely did so one occasion per week (for ≤3 h). Our findings suggest that typically walking sport participants are female (60.1%), aged ≥60 years (54.7%), in married/de facto relationships (73.4%), reside in higher socioeconomic status areas, and are sufficiently active (i.e., ≥150 min of activity per week; 91.0%). The most endorsed barrier to walking sport participation was physical health (19.7%), while fun/enjoyment (90.5%) was the most endorsed motive. The regression analyses showed that gender (being female; <i>β</i> = 0.17), older age (≥60 years; <i>β</i> = −0.21), and intrinsic motivation for physical activity (<i>β</i> = 0.23) were significant predictors of walking sport enjoyment. Ongoing efforts to ensure that walking sports are a positive experience for all are necessary. The provision of walking sport offerings that integrate elements (e.g., social connectedness) known to be of value to specific subpopulations may be important to fostering enjoyment.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11726637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of individualised, media-based sleep hygiene education for professional female footballers","authors":"Julie Gooderick,&nbsp;Russ Clash,&nbsp;Harry Fisher,&nbsp;Neil Maxwell,&nbsp;Mark Hayes","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12247","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsc.12247","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sleep hygiene can be defined as practicing habits that facilitate sleep; poor sleep hygiene is common among elite athletes, and improving this can be one way to enhance sleep indices. Given the large inter-individual variability of sleep, there is a need for further investigation into individualised sleep hygiene for elite female athletes, with consideration for the practical application of the method. Using a self-controlled time series design with repeated measures, <i>n</i> = 16 professional female footballers completed a 9-week study during mid-season. Monitoring of sleep (actigraphy, self-report) occurred at week 1, 4, 7 and 9—a control period occurred at week 2 and 3, and a subsequent intervention period occurred at weeks 5 and 6. Based on baseline sleep monitoring, media-based messages were designed with the purpose of giving a singular sleep hygiene message; all participants received these individualised messages daily across the 2-week intervention period at a standardised time of 8.00 p.m., with the intention of them actioning the sleep hygiene point. One-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was conducted to assess the differences between control period, intervention period and follow-up for each measured variable. Significant differences were observed post-intervention for sleep efficiency (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and sleep latency (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), whereas the athlete sleep behaviour questionnaire score significantly improved in the follow-up period (week 9) post intervention (<i>p</i> = 0.039). This is the first study to present this novel method of individualised sleep hygiene education for elite female athletes and is also the first study to demonstrate the use of sleep hygiene interventions to improve sleep factors for female athletes' mid-season. This demonstrates a promising, time-efficient approach to sleep hygiene education, with a potentially wide scope of application, as well as demonstrating there is indeed potential for elite female athletes to gain sleep improvements mid-season.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11706236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of wearable resistance during warm-up on physical fitness measures in young female athletes","authors":"Chloe Ryan,&nbsp;Aaron Uthoff,&nbsp;Nathan Stewart,&nbsp;Chloe McKenzie,&nbsp;John Cronin","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12236","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsc.12236","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of this study was to quantify the training effects of wearing calf-loaded wearable resistance (WR) during a netball specific warm-up in female netball athletes. Twenty-nine high school female netball athletes were matched for change of direction (COD) speed and randomly allocated to either WR training or an unloaded group. Both groups performed the same warm-up two times per week for 6 weeks, with the WR group wearing 1%–1.5% body mass loads on each calf. Pre- and post-training data were collected for 5- and 15-m sprint times, modified 5-0-5 COD splits and total time and single-leg horizontal, lateral and countermovement (CMJ) jump performance. Both groups significantly decreased their 5 m linear sprint times (WRT = −4.41%, effect size [ES] = −1.60; control [CON] = −2.60%, ES = −0.71), while only the WRT significantly decreased their 15 m time (−2.14%, ES = −1.55). There were no significant decreases in 5-0-5 total time for either group, however the WRT group significantly decreased their acceleration (−7.40%, ES = −0.60) and COD split (−9.73%, ES = −1.02). Both groups increased their lateral jump (WRT: 4.60%–6.62%, ES = 0.67–0.96; CON: 5.48%–6.06%, ES = 0.73–0.75), while only the WRT group increased (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) their horizontal jump (3.57%–4.18%, ES = 0.57–0.67). Given the results, it appears that calf-loaded WR may be an effective method for improving linear speed, aspects of the modified 5-0-5 test and horizontal jump ability in female netball athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsc.12236","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142928881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute effects of supramaximal loaded back squat activation on countermovement jump performance, muscle mechanical properties, and skin surface temperature in powerlifters","authors":"Dawid Perenc,&nbsp;Petr Stastny,&nbsp;Robert Urbański,&nbsp;Michał Krzysztofik","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12245","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsc.12245","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of performing either eccentric-only (ECC) or eccentric-concentric (ECC-CON) back squats (BS) with a supramaximal load on countermovement jump (CMJ) performance. Changes in front thigh skin surface temperature and mechanical properties (oscillation frequency and stiffness) of the vastus lateralis were also examined. Fourteen male powerlifters participated in this study (age: 22.5 ± 2.3 years, body weight: 84.2 ± 11.1 kg, height: 178 ± 7 cm, training experience: 5.4 ± 1.6 years, BS one-repetition maximum [1RM]: 177 ± 22.8 kg). The experimental sessions included 2 sets of 2 BS at 110% 1RM of either ECC-CON (load distributed by half on the barbell [55%] and on weight releasers [55%]) or ECC (only eccentric phase of BS) and CTRL with no CA applied. CMJ performance, mechanical properties, and skin surface temperature were measured before and at the third, sixth, ninth, and 12^th min. After each protocol, only the ECC-CON condition led to a significant increase in CMJ height after individual optimal rest time compared to pre-CA (38.1 ± 5.2 vs. 39.8 ± 5.0 cm; <i>p</i> = 0.003; effect size [ES] = 0.32; <i>Δ</i> = 4.9 ± 5.0%) with a significant rise in skin surface temperature (32.98 ± 1.24 vs. 33.69 ± 0.96°C; <i>p</i> = 0.006; ES = 0.62; <i>Δ</i> = 2.2 ± 2.6%) and no significant changes in mechanical properties of the vastus lateralis. The ECC-CON condition led to a significant acute improvement in CMJ height and an increase in front thigh skin surface temperature among powerlifters. The ECC-CON supramaximal lower limb PAPE protocol should be effectively used among males representing high levels of lower limb muscle strength (&gt;2 × body mass).</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11687363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}