European journal of sport science最新文献

{"title":"Comparing talent development environments of girls and boys in handball and ice hockey in Norway","authors":"Ingar Mehus,&nbsp;Russell J. J. Martindale,&nbsp;Georgios Andronikos,&nbsp;Nils Petter Aspvik,&nbsp;Max Bergström,&nbsp;Stig Arve Sæther","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12225","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsc.12225","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Currently, there is little research on successful talent development environments (TDEs) focusing on women and girls. In response, the main aim of the present study was to compare TDEs of age-specific national teams for girls and boys in the Norwegian context (<i>N</i> = 216: 92 girls and 124 boys). Gender differences were investigated in the two different sports of handball and ice hockey, which in the Norwegian context represent more and less successful sports (handball and ice hockey, respectively). Before investigating gender differences in the two sports, a necessary first step was to investigate the psychometric properties of Norwegian version of the Talent Development Environment Questionnaire (TDEQ-5). Results support the Norwegian TDEQ-5 to be a reliable and valid measure within the Norwegian context. The successful sport of Norwegian handball showed no significant gender differences regarding TDE. The less successful and male dominated sport of Norwegian ice hockey showed girls to score lower on several TDEQ factors compared to boys. Results also showed ice hockey having lower TDEQ scores compared to handball. We argue that handball provide similarly functional TDEs for girls and boys, making gender equality a characteristic feature of a TDE that is successful both in terms of mass participation and international achievements.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11680551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142775208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between resistance training volume load and session rating of perceived exertion in junior developmental female rugby league athletes","authors":"Layne Flannery,&nbsp;Heidi R. Compton,&nbsp;Ben J. Dascombe,&nbsp;Millicent A. West,&nbsp;Josh L. Secomb","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12219","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsc.12219","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Field-based team sports typically perform mixed-modality training, incorporating both field- and resistance-based sessions. As such, the availability of useful and reliable methods to monitor the internal and external training loads of all modalities is essential for planning effective training. Twenty-one junior developmental female rugby league athletes (age: 17.5 ± 0.5 years, height: 167.7 ± 4.6 cm, body mass: 71.1 ± 12.9 kg, and training age: 2.3 ± 1.1 year) performed two to three resistance training sessions a week for 20 weeks (9 weeks preseason and 11 weeks in-season). The volume load method and session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) were used to quantify the external and internal load of the resistance training sessions, respectively. Volume load was categorised into either dynamic, plyometric, maximal or repeated efforts. Multiple linear mixed models were performed to determine whether significant relationships were present between the changes in volume load components and sRPE throughout the season. Significant relationships were identified between a decrease in sRPE, with associated increases in absolute and relative overall volume load (<i>T</i>_1,725.5 = −2.1, <i>p</i> = 0.04; <i>T</i>_1,133.5 = −2.2, <i>p</i> = 0.03), and relative dynamic (<i>T</i>_1,24.1 = −8.4, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and lower-body plyometric efforts (<i>T</i>_1,16.8 = −17.2, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Conversely, significant relationships were observed between an increase in sRPE, with associated increases in relative lower-body (<i>T</i>_1,20.3 = 12.9, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and upper-body repeated efforts (<i>T</i>_1,28.5 = 9.7, <i>p</i> = 0.03) as well as relative upper-body plyometric (<i>T</i>_1,71.1 = 2.9, <i>p</i> = 0.01) and maximal efforts (<i>T</i>_1,75.3 = 3.4, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). These findings highlight the practicality of the volume load method for planning and monitoring resistance training in field-based team sport athletes, providing useful data for the planning of specific exercises within the in-season training week.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11680556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142741790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coach–athlete relationships, self-confidence, and psychological wellbeing: The role of perceived and received coach support","authors":"Adam H. Coussens,&nbsp;Max J. Stone,&nbsp;Tracy C. Donachie","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12226","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsc.12226","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coaches are recognized as key support providers, although there is limited understanding of how coach support relates to athletes' self-confidence and psychological wellbeing. This study examined relationships among perceived coach support, received coach support, coach–athlete relationship, self-confidence, and psychological wellbeing. A further aim was to identify mechanisms through which coach–athlete relationship influences self-confidence and psychological wellbeing. A total of 537 athletes (Mage = 21.83 and SD = 3.67) from a range of sports completed measures of perceived coach support, received coach support, coach–athlete relationship, self-confidence, and psychological wellbeing. Mediation analysis revealed a significant direct effect of coach–athlete relationship on perceived coach support (<i>b</i> = 1.44 and <i>p</i> = 0.04) and received coach support on psychological wellbeing (<i>b</i> = 1.94 and <i>p</i> = &lt;0.05). Coach–athlete relationship was associated with a significant indirect effect on psychological wellbeing via received coach support (ab = 0.82 and 95% CI [0.40 and 1.26*]) but not perceived coach support. In contrast, coach–athlete relationship was associated with a significant indirect effect on self-confidence via perceived coach support (ab = 0.16 and 95% CI [0.10 and 0.22*]) but not received coach support. These findings demonstrate the significant role perceived coach support and received coach support plays in potentially explaining the relationship between the coach–athlete relationship with self-confidence and psychological wellbeing. Additionally, the results highlight that different forms of social support uniquely mediate the relationship among the coach–athlete relationship, confidence, and wellbeing. These results have implications for coaching practices, as coaches can use their relationships with athletes to provide optimal support and thereby enhance the athletes' self-confidence and wellbeing.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11680554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142718123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeated sprint training: The effects of session volume on acute physiological, neuromuscular, perceptual and performance outcomes in athletes","authors":"Fraser Thurlow,&nbsp;Shaun J. McLaren,&nbsp;Andrew Townshend,&nbsp;Matthew Morrison,&nbsp;Nicholas Cowley,&nbsp;Jonathon Weakley","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12217","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsc.12217","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We examined the effects of repeated sprint training (RST) session volume on acute physiological, neuromuscular, perceptual and performance outcomes. In a randomised, counterbalanced, and crossover design, 14 healthy and trained male and female athletes (age: 23 ± 3 years) completed two sets of 10 × 40 m (10 × 40), 5 × 40 m (5 × 40), 10 × 20 m (10 × 20) and 5 × 20 m (5 × 20) sprints with 30 s rest between repetitions and 3 min rest between sets for all protocols. Average and peak heart rate, average oxygen consumption (VO₂), time &gt;90% of maximal oxygen consumption (VO_2max), differential ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), session-RPE training load (sRPE-TL), percentage sprint decrement (S_dec), acceleration load and distance &gt;90% of maximal sprint speed were recorded during each session. Neuromuscular performance (i.e. countermovement jump, lower-limb stiffness and isometric hamstring strength) were measured post-session, 24 h, and 48 h and compared to pre-session. A univariate analysis of variance was used to compare within- and between-protocol differences. To aid data interpretation, all effects were expressed as an effect size and accompanied by probability values (<i>p</i>_<i>MET</i>). The 10 × 40 protocol induced the greatest training load compared to all other protocols (<i>p</i>_<i>MET</i> &lt; 0.05), including <i>moderate</i> to <i>very large</i> differences in breathlessness RPE, <i>large</i> differences in S_dec and time &gt;90% VO_2max and <i>very large</i> differences in sRPE-TL. The 5 × 20 protocol induced the lowest training load compared to all other protocols (<i>p</i>_<i>MET</i> &lt; 0.05), including <i>moderate</i> to <i>large</i> differences in sRPE-TL and leg muscle RPE. Heart rate, VO₂, sRPE-TL, leg muscle RPE and S_dec were similar between 5 × 40 and 10 × 20 (<i>p</i>_<i>MET</i> &lt; 0.05), but the acceleration load was greater for 10 × 20 when compared to 5 × 40 (<i>p</i>_<i>MET</i> &lt; 0.001), and this difference was <i>large</i>. Changes in neuromuscular performance across all timepoints and all protocols were unclear. Larger session volumes increase the demands of RST and by manipulating volume, sprint distance and the number of repetitions, practitioners can alter the internal and external training load.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11680557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142718129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous glucose monitoring in para cyclists: An observational study","authors":"Vera Weijer,&nbsp;Rob van der Werf,&nbsp;Myrthe van der Haijden,&nbsp;Asker Jeukendrup,&nbsp;Luc J. C. van Loon,&nbsp;Jan-Willem van Dijk","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12220","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsc.12220","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is an emerging tool for dietary counseling in athletes. This study aimed to explore blood glucose profiles in Para cyclists and evaluate CGM accuracy at rest and during exercise. Thirteen Para cyclists, comprising eight hand bikers and five cyclists, wore a CGM sensor (Abbott) for 2 weeks. Participants recorded the timing of meals and regular training sessions and executed one standardized training session. Fifteen capillary blood glucose reference values (seven at rest and eight during the standardized training) were obtained by finger pricks. Mean glucose concentrations and time spent in hypoglycemia (&lt;3.9 mmol/L), euglycemia (3.9–7.8 mmol/L), and hyperglycemia (&gt;7.8 mmol/L) were calculated over 24 hrs and during daytime, nighttime, exercise, and 2 hrs postprandial periods. Mean absolute relative differences (MARD) were calculated between the CGM and capillary blood glucose. The mean glucose concentration over the 24 hr-period was 5.7 (5.6–5.8) mmol/L. Athletes were in the euglycemia range 91% of the time. Hyperglycemia was almost exclusively observed postprandially and during exercise. Hypoglycemia was restricted to the night and was particularly observed in athletes with a spinal cord injury. CGM accuracy was acceptable at rest (MARD: 12%) but markedly lower during exercise (MARD: 34%; <i>p</i> = 0.01), especially for hand bikers (MARD: 41%) compared with cyclists (MARD: 24%; <i>p</i> = 0.01). Para cyclists generally do not display signs of disturbed glucose regulation. However, the increased risk for nocturnal hypoglycemia in athletes with a spinal cord injury warrants attention. Furthermore, CGM accuracy is compromised during exercise, especially if the sensor is in proximity to highly active muscles.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"24 12","pages":"1809-1819"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11621371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142718126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing reactive agility in soccer: The impact of stroboscopic eyewear during warm-up across fatigued and non-fatigued conditions","authors":"Teresa Zwierko,&nbsp;Vicente Tapia,&nbsp;Jesús Vera,&nbsp;Beatriz Redondo,&nbsp;María Dolores Morenas-Aguilar,&nbsp;Amador García-Ramos","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12224","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsc.12224","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although prolonged training with stroboscopic eyewear has demonstrated potential for enhancing visuomotor skills, the acute effects of stroboscopic stimulation are not well understood. The aim of the study was to investigate the short-term effects of stroboscopic exposure during the ball-specific phase of soccer warm-up on agility performance in preplanned and unpredictable (RA) tasks. Also, these effects were examined both in tasks involving ball dribbling and without the ball, as well as under fatigued and non-fatigued conditions. Twenty-two male soccer players participated in three sessions: a familiarization session and two experimental sessions, one with and one without stroboscopic exposure during the warm-up. RA was assessed before and after each session using the 10-repetition Illinois Agility Test, with and without ball control. Results showed that stroboscopic exposure significantly enhanced RA performance in tasks involving ball dribbling (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, effect size (ES) = 0.57), and these effects were maintained under fatigued conditions (<i>p</i> = 0.007, ES = 0.39). However, there were no significant improvements in RA without the ball (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Exercise-induced fatigue reduced RA performance in both conditions (<i>F</i> = 28.2; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), regardless of warm-up type (<i>F</i> = 0.5; <i>p</i> = 0.484). Additionally, stroboscopic exposure did not significantly affect the changes of direction speed performance in the Illinois Agility Test (<i>F</i> = 0.5; <i>p</i> = 0.479). These findings suggest that integrating stroboscopic eyewear into the ball-specific phase of soccer warm-ups effectively improves RA performance in tasks involving dribbling under both non-fatigued and fatigued conditions. The effectiveness of acute stroboscopic stimulation is closely related to the specificity of the tasks in which it is applied. These insights could benefit training across various sports, encouraging coaches to adopt this approach to enhance player preparation before both training and competitions.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"24 12","pages":"1798-1808"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11621378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142694058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women's rugby as a catalyst for advancing female-specific science and safety in sport","authors":"Zoe L. Saynor,&nbsp;Amal Hassan,&nbsp;Fiona Wilson","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12212","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsc.12212","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Women's rugby is experiencing unprecedented growth and professionalisation, yet the research underpinning player welfare and performance remains significantly underdeveloped. This special issue of the <i>European Journal of Sport Science</i> addresses the critical need for evidence-based practices tailored to female rugby players. Current literature is predominantly male-focused, despite known sex differences impacting training, injury mechanisms and health outcomes. In particular, the underrepresentation of female-specific studies presents risks to player safety and performance optimisation. This issue presents cutting-edge research, from world-leading interdisciplinary experts and applied practitioners, on three main themes: female-specific injury and illness surveillance and education, tackle safety and performance, and intersectional research agendas. Contributions include insights into female-specific health domains, such as breast and pelvic floor health, emphasising the need for tailored care pathways and interventions. Additionally, the importance of gender-responsive coaching and tackle skill acquisition is highlighted, advocating for progressive, context-specific training frameworks. Moreover, an intersectional approach to research is proposed, to address the broader social and material contexts affecting marginalised women and girls in rugby. These findings aim to drive interdisciplinary, inclusive research, ensuring that the professionalisation of women's rugby is matched by advancements in scientific understanding and applied practice. This special issue not only celebrates the progress made, but also calls for ongoing efforts to bridge the knowledge gap, ensuring holistic support for female rugby players from participation, through to retirement and beyond.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"24 12","pages":"1683-1687"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11621377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effectiveness of cryostimulation exposure on sleep and recovery in male athletes: Timing considerations","authors":"Coralie Arc-Chagnaud,&nbsp;Benoit Dugué,&nbsp;Romain Bouzigon,&nbsp;Robin Pla,&nbsp;Laurent Bosquet,&nbsp;D-day Consortium,&nbsp;Olivier Dupuy","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12200","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsc.12200","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The objectives of the study were (i) to evaluate the effects of whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) after training as an effective tool to improve sleep and recovery and (ii) to determine which exposure schedule for WBC (immediately after training vs. 1h before bedtime) is the most appropriate to improve sleep and recovery. Twenty-two well-trained male athletes or triathletes (23.1 ± 3.5-years) were recruited in this controlled crossover protocol. Each participant completed the three experimental sessions, each composed of a running training session and one night of sleep analysis. Depending on the experimental condition, subjects were exposed—or not (CONT)—to WBC immediately after training (CRYO 7 p.m.) or 1h before going to bed (CRYO 10 p.m.). All participants were randomly assigned to each condition, spaced seven days apart. Sleep was monitored via actimetry, cerebral activity recordings, heart rate variability, body core temperature, and perceptual measurements. WBC after training did not modify subjective or objective sleep parameters compared to the control condition. However, WBC significantly improved cardiac parasympathetic activity. More specifically, it was more activated during the night following the CRYO 10 p.m. condition than in the other experimental conditions. Core body temperature (CBT) 1h after bedtime was the lowest in the CRYO 10 p.m. condition. This study confirmed the effectiveness of WBC as a recovery technique after intense evening training. We suggest that WBC may exhibit the most significant benefit on recovery if the session is performed 1h before bedtime, acting on subsequent parasympathetic activation and CBT drop.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"24 12","pages":"1788-1797"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11621372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological and social factors associated with mental health of European dual career athletes: A systematic review","authors":"Esa P. Aalto,&nbsp;Joan Pons,&nbsp;Saul Alcaraz,&nbsp;Rocío Zamora-Solé,&nbsp;Yago Ramis","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12218","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsc.12218","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dual careers (DCs) are challenging trajectories followed by athletes willing to develop their academic/professional career with their athletic careers. These trajectories usually entail additional stressors, which can decrease athletes' mental health or even increase their risk of mental ill-health. While existing research has recognized the importance of psychological and social factors in both of these areas separately, we lack systematic knowledge on which factors are associated with European DC athlete mental health outcomes, making evidence-based practice more challenging. In this regard, to advance the European DC tradition and to provide a strong base for researchers and practitioners working within this field, this systematic review aims to appraise this evidence identifying and categorizing the psychological and social factors associated with the European DC athletes' mental health. We conducted this review according to Preferred Reporting for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines and performed the systematic search in six databases, finding 56 eligible articles. Our analysis identified 35 different psychological and social factors, most showing significant associations with athletes' mental health. Notably, affect, stress, motivational climate, mindfulness, resilience, perfectionism, goal orientation, motivation, and basic psychological need satisfaction showed the strongest evidence associated with mental health. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive synthesis of psychological and social factors, advancing the holistic ecological approach in dual careers and athlete mental health. Yet, our results highlight the need to strengthen the evidence regarding these factors and provide specific research avenues, such as focus on DC-specific factors and consideration of DC athlete definition and career trajectories.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"24 12","pages":"1844-1864"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11621382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case study of a world hour record simulation in an elite cyclist: Insight into task failure","authors":"Mehdi Kordi,&nbsp;Dan Bigham,&nbsp;Jacob Tipper,&nbsp;Richard A. Ferguson,&nbsp;Glyn Howatson,&nbsp;Jonathan Wale","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12195","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsc.12195","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The ‘cycling hour-record’ is one of the most prestigious events in cycling. However, little detailed analysis of such attempts is available. In preparation for a successful cycling hour-record attempt, an elite cyclist performed a full-hour simulation to provide insights into performance, physiological, aerodynamic and biomechanical limitations that could be identified in the preparation for a subsequent official attempt. Performance (speed, lap time, power and cadence), physiological (heart rate and estimated body temperature), aerodynamic (C_DA, helmet angle, rotation and rock) and biomechanical (helmet, thigh and foot position changes) measurements were made throughout the attempt, in which an even-pacing strategy was employed where the point of task failure was defined as the lap which the rider could no longer perform at the targeted lap split (16.6 s) or quicker. The cyclist did not achieve the target distance (54,000 m) during the simulation. The final distance achieved for the hour was 53,250 m. Task failure occurred at 38 min and 33 s (lap 139/34,750 m) into the simulation. Notably, there was a decrease in power output, accompanied with an increase in the estimated body temperature, changes in pedalling kinematics and an increase in aerodynamic drag. The reduction in performance (leading to task failure) during a cycling hour record simulation is underpinned by a decrease in power output as well as an increase in aerodynamic drag due to biomechanical changes in the cycling technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"24 12","pages":"1779-1787"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11621379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}