Critical care explorations最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Early Versus Delayed Tracheostomy Strategy on Functional Outcome of Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Target Trial Emulation.","authors":"Vassilis G Giannakoulis, Georgios Psychogios, Christina Routsi, Ioanna Dimopoulou, Ilias I Siempos","doi":"10.1097/CCE.0000000000001145","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCE.0000000000001145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Optimal timing of tracheostomy in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is unknown due to lack of clinical trials. We emulated a target trial to estimate the effect of early vs. delayed tracheostomy strategy on functional outcome of patients with severe TBI.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Target trial emulation using 1:1 balanced risk-set matching.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>North American hospitals participating in the TBI Hypertonic Saline randomized controlled trial of the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium.</p><p><strong>Patients: </strong>The prematching population consisted of patients with TBI and admission Glasgow Coma Scale less than or equal to 8, who were alive and on mechanical ventilation on the fourth day following trial enrollment, and stayed in the ICU for at least 5 days. Patients with absolute indication for tracheostomy and patients who died during the first 28 days with a decision to withdraw care were excluded.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>We matched patients who received tracheostomy at a certain timepoint (early group) with patients who had not received tracheostomy at the same timepoint but were at-risk of tracheostomy in the future (delayed group). The primary outcome was a poor 6-month functional outcome, defined as Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended less than or equal to 4.</p><p><strong>Measurements and main results: </strong>Out of 1282 patients available for analysis, 275 comprised the prematching population, with 75 pairs being created postmatching. Median time of tracheostomy differed significantly in the early vs. the delayed group (7.0 d [6.0-10.0 d] vs. 12.0 d [9.8-18.3 d]; p < 0.001). Only 40% of patients in the delayed group received tracheostomy. There was no statistically significant difference between groups regarding poor 6-month functional outcome (early: 68.0% vs. delayed: 72.0%; p = 0.593).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In a target trial emulation, early as opposed to delayed tracheostomy strategy was not associated with differences in 6-month functional outcome following severe TBI. Considering the limitations of target trial emulations, delaying tracheostomy through a \"watchful waiting\" approach may be appropriate.</p>","PeriodicalId":93957,"journal":{"name":"Critical care explorations","volume":"6 8","pages":"e1145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11319316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kidney Blood Flow and Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Measurements Associated With Kidney and Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Pediatric Shock.","authors":"Grace Fisler, Kristina Murphy, Fiore Mastroianni, James B Schneider, Clifford S Deutschman, Daniel E Leisman, Matthew D Taylor","doi":"10.1097/CCE.0000000000001134","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCE.0000000000001134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Pediatric acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent and morbid complication of shock. Its pathogenesis and early identification remain elusive.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aim to determine whether renal blood flow (RBF) measurements by point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) hormones in pediatric shock associate with vasoactive requirements and AKI.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>This is a single-center prospective, noninterventional observational cohort study in one tertiary PICU in North American from 2020 to 2022 that enrolled children younger than 18 years with shock without preexisting end-stage renal disease.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>RBF was measured by POCUS on hospital days 1 and 3 and plasma RAAS hormone levels were measured on day 1. The primary outcome was the presence of AKI by Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria at first ultrasound with key secondary outcomes of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Vasoactive-Inotrope Score (VIS), and norepinephrine equivalent dosing (NED) 48 hours after first ultrasound.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty patients were recruited (20 with AKI, mean age 10.5 yr, 48% female). POCUS RBF showed lower qualitative blood flow (power Doppler ultrasound [PDU] score) and higher regional vascular resistance (renal resistive index [RRI]) in children with AKI (p = 0.017 and p = 0.0007). Renin and aldosterone levels were higher in the AKI cohort (p = 0.003 and p = 0.007). Admission RRI and PDU associated with higher day 3 VIS and NED after adjusting for age, day 1 VIS, and RAAS hormones. Admission renin associated with higher day 3 creatinine and BUN after adjusting for age, day 1 VIS, and the ultrasound parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>In pediatric shock, kidney blood flow was abnormal and renin and aldosterone were elevated in those with AKI. Kidney blood flow abnormalities are independently associated with future cardiovascular dysfunction; renin elevations are independently associated with future kidney dysfunction. Kidney blood flow by POCUS may identify children who will have persistent as opposed to resolving AKI. RAAS perturbations may drive AKI in pediatric shock.</p>","PeriodicalId":93957,"journal":{"name":"Critical care explorations","volume":"6 8","pages":"e1134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11309640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141899176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decreased Long-Term Survival of Patients With Newly Diagnosed Cancer Discharged Home After Unplanned ICU Admission: A Prospective Observational Study.","authors":"Ana Paula Agnolon Praça, Antônio Paulo Nassar Junior, Alexandre Miras Ferreira, Pedro Caruso","doi":"10.1097/CCE.0000000000001136","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCE.0000000000001136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance and objectives: </strong>To compare the 18-month survival between patients with newly diagnosed cancer discharged home after early unplanned ICU admission and those without early unplanned ICU admission; we also evaluated the frequency and risk factors for early unplanned ICU admission.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Observational study with prospectively collected data from September 2019 to June 2021 and 18 months follow-up.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Single dedicated cancer center in São Paulo, Brazil.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>We screened consecutive adults with suspected cancer and included those with histologically proven cancer from among 20 highly prevalent cancers.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>None.</p><p><strong>Measurements and main results: </strong>The exposure was early unplanned ICU admission, defined as admission for medical reasons or urgent surgery during the first 6 months after cancer diagnosis. The main outcome was 18-month survival after cancer diagnosis, and the main analysis was Cox's proportional hazards model adjusted for confounders and immortal time bias. Propensity score matching was used in the sensitivity analysis. We screened 4738 consecutive adults with suspected cancer and included 3348 patients. Three hundred twelve (9.3%) had early unplanned ICU admission, which was associated with decreased 18-month survival both in the unadjusted (hazard ratio, 4.03; 95% CI, 2.89-5.62) and adjusted (hazard ratio, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.29-2.64) models. The sensitivity analysis confirmed the results because the groups were balanced after matching, and the 18-month survival of patients with early ICU admission was lower compared with patients without early ICU admission (87.0% vs. 93.9%; p = 0.01 log-rank test). Risk factors for early unplanned ICU admission were advanced age, comorbidities, worse performance status, socioeconomic deprivation, metastatic tumors, and hematologic malignancies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with newly diagnosed cancer discharged home after early unplanned ICU admission have decreased 18-month survival compared with patients without early unplanned ICU admission.</p>","PeriodicalId":93957,"journal":{"name":"Critical care explorations","volume":"6 8","pages":"e1136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11299991/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141876966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interprofessional Staffing Pattern Clusters in U.S. ICUs.","authors":"Hayley B Gershengorn, Deena Kelly Costa, Allan Garland, Danny Lizano, Hannah Wunsch","doi":"10.1097/CCE.0000000000001138","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCE.0000000000001138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify interprofessional staffing pattern clusters used in U.S. ICUs.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Latent class analysis.</p><p><strong>Setting and participants: </strong>Adult U.S. ICUs.</p><p><strong>Patients: </strong>None.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>None.</p><p><strong>Analysis: </strong>We used data from a staffing survey that queried respondents (<i>n</i> = 596 ICUs) on provider (intensivist and nonintensivist), nursing, respiratory therapist, and clinical pharmacist availability and roles. We used latent class analysis to identify clusters describing interprofessional staffing patterns and then compared ICU and hospital characteristics across clusters.</p><p><strong>Measurements and main results: </strong>We identified three clusters as optimal. Most ICUs (54.2%) were in cluster 1 (\"higher overall staffing\") characterized by a higher likelihood of good provider coverage (both intensivist [onsite 24 hr/d] and nonintensivist [orders placed by ICU team exclusively, presence of advanced practice providers, and physicians-in-training]), nursing leadership (presence of charge nurse, nurse educators, and managers), and bedside nursing support (nurses with registered nursing degrees, fewer patients per nurse, and nursing aide availability). One-third (33.7%) were in cluster 2 (\"lower intensivist coverage & nursing leadership, higher bedside nursing support\") and 12.1% were in cluster 3 (\"higher provider coverage & nursing leadership, lower bedside nursing support\"). Clinical pharmacists were more common in cluster 1 (99.4%), but present in greater than 85% of all ICUs; respiratory therapists were nearly universal. Cluster 1 ICUs were larger (median 20 beds vs. 15 and 17 in clusters 2 and 3, respectively; <i>p</i> < 0.001), and in larger (> 250 beds: 80.6% vs. 66.1% and 48.5%; <i>p</i> < 0.001), not-for-profit (75.9% vs. 69.4% and 60.3%; <i>p</i> < 0.001) hospitals. Telemedicine use 24 hr/d was more common in cluster 3 units (71.8% vs. 11.7% and 14.1%; <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>More than half of U.S. ICUs had higher staffing overall. Others tended to have either higher provider presence and nursing leadership or higher bedside nursing support, but not both.</p>","PeriodicalId":93957,"journal":{"name":"Critical care explorations","volume":"6 8","pages":"e1138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11296427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141891326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamically Normalized Pupillometry for Detecting Delayed Cerebral Ischemia After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.","authors":"Julian Klug, Joana Martins, Ignazio De Trizio, Emmanuel Carrera, Miodrag Filipovic, Isabel Charlotte Hostettler, Urs Pietsch","doi":"10.1097/CCE.0000000000001135","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCE.0000000000001135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a major driver of morbidity after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Quantitative pupillometry has been shown to be of prognostic value after acute neurological injury. However, the evidence for the use of pupillometric features for the detection of DCI has been conflicting. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of frequent pupillometric monitoring for DCI detection.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Observational cohort study from a prospective aSAH registry.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Tertiary referral center.</p><p><strong>Patients: </strong>Adult patients with confirmed aSAH admitted to the ICU between March 2019 and December 2023.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>None.</p><p><strong>Measurements and main results: </strong>One hundred fourteen patients were included, of which 31 (27.2%) suffered from DCI. All patients underwent frequent pupillometry (every 3 hr). We determined the absolute value of the neurological pupil index (NPi) and constriction velocity (CV), and their value normalized to the maximal recorded value between the admission and the pupillometry measure to account for personalized baselines. The association between pupillometry values and the occurrence of DCI within 6-24 hours was investigated. Normalized CV had the best discriminative performance to identify DCI within 8 hours, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.69-0.91). NPi, as well as non-normalized metrics, were not significantly associated with DCI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Normalized CV has a clinically and statistically significant association with the occurrence of DCI after aSAH. Frequent quantitative pupillometry could improve the multimodal monitoring of patients after aSAH with the goal of improving the identification of patients likely to benefit from therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":93957,"journal":{"name":"Critical care explorations","volume":"6 8","pages":"e1135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141857423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Incidence of Chronic Kidney Disease After Pediatric Critical Illness.","authors":"Olugbenga Akinkugbe, Luca Marchetto, Isaac Martin, Shin Hann Chia","doi":"10.1097/CCE.0000000000001129","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCE.0000000000001129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Survivors of pediatric critical illnesses are at risk of significant long-term organ sequelae. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complication of critical illness (and ICU interventions) associated with growth impairment, cardiovascular disease, and early death. Our objective was to synthesize the evidence on the incidence of CKD among survivors of pediatric critical illness.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>MEDLINE, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials from inception to February 2024.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>Observational studies reporting the incidence of de novo CKD among survivors of pediatric critical illness.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Two reviewers independently extracted data on study design, setting, population, demographics, diagnostic criteria, and outcome.</p><p><strong>Data synthesis: </strong>Meta-analysis was used to describe the incidence of CKD among survivors, risk of bias (RoB) assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Tool, and strength and reliability of evidence assessed with GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations). CKD was quantified as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 (outcome 1), eGFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (outcome 2), and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) as eGFR less than 15 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (outcome 3). Twelve studies (3642 patients) met selection criteria and reported at least one measure of CKD. The median duration of follow-up was 2, 3.6, and 5 years, respectively, for outcomes 1, 2, and 3. For each threshold, the pooled estimate of CKD incidence was 24% (95% CI, 16-32%) for eGFR less than 90, 14% (95% CI, 6-23%) less than 60, and 4% (95% CI, 0-7%) for ESRD. The overall quality assessment indicated a moderate RoB.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among a heterogenous population of pediatric critical illness survivors, an important minority of survivors developed CKD or ESRD. This study highlights the importance of diagnostic criteria for reporting, a greater focus on postcritical care surveillance and follow-up to identify those with CKD. Further study would facilitate the delineation of high-risk groups and strategies for improved outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93957,"journal":{"name":"Critical care explorations","volume":"6 8","pages":"e1129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141794279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia in Patients Suffering Cardiogenic Shock.","authors":"Enzo Lüsebrink, Hugo Lanz, Leonhard Binzenhöfer, Sabine Hoffmann, Julia Höpler, Marie Kraft, Nils Gade, Jonas Gmeiner, Daniel Roden, Inas Saleh, Christian Hagl, Georg Nickenig, Steffen Massberg, Sebastian Zimmer, Raúl Nicolás Jamin, Clemens Scherer","doi":"10.1097/CCE.0000000000001117","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCE.0000000000001117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Cardiogenic shock (CS) is associated with high mortality. Patients treated for CS mostly require heparin therapy, which may be associated with complications such as heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). HIT represents a serious condition associated with platelet decline and increased hypercoagulability and remains a poorly researched field in intensive care medicine. Primary purpose of this study was to: 1) determine HIT prevalence in CS, 2) assess the performance of common diagnostic tests for the workup of HIT, and 3) compare outcomes in CS patients with excluded and confirmed HIT.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective dual-center study including adult patients 18 years old or older with diagnosed CS and suspected HIT from January 2010 to November 2022.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Cardiac ICU at the Ludwig-Maximilians University hospital in Munich and the university hospital of Bonn.</p><p><strong>Patients and interventions: </strong>In this retrospective analysis, adult patients with diagnosed CS and suspected HIT were included. Differences in baseline characteristics, mortality, neurologic and safety outcomes between patients with excluded and confirmed HIT were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Measurements and main results: </strong>In cases of suspected HIT, positive screening antibodies were detected in 159 of 2808 patients (5.7%). HIT was confirmed via positive functional assay in 57 of 2808 patients, corresponding to a prevalence rate of 2.0%. The positive predictive value for anti-platelet factor 4/heparin screening antibodies was 35.8%. Total in-hospital mortality (58.8% vs. 57.9%; p > 0.999), 1-month mortality (47.1% vs. 43.9%; p = 0.781), and 12-month mortality (58.8% vs. 59.6%; p > 0.999) were similar between patients with excluded and confirmed HIT, respectively. Furthermore, no significant difference in neurologic outcome among survivors was found between groups (Cerebral Performance Category [CPC] score 1: 8.8% vs. 8.8%; p > 0.999 and CPC 2: 7.8% vs. 12.3%; p = 0.485).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HIT was a rare complication in CS patients treated with unfractionated heparin and was not associated with increased mortality. Also, HIT confirmation was not associated with worse neurologic outcome in survivors. Future studies should aim at developing more precise, standardized, and cost-effective strategies to diagnose HIT and prevent complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":93957,"journal":{"name":"Critical care explorations","volume":"6 7","pages":"e1117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11265775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia in Patients Suffering Cardiogenic Shock.","authors":"Enzo Lüsebrink, Hugo Lanz, Leonhard Binzenhöfer, Sabine Hoffmann, Julia Höpler, Marie Kraft, Nils Gade, Jonas Gmeiner, Daniel Roden, Inas Saleh, Christian Hagl, Georg Nickenig, Steffen Massberg, Sebastian Zimmer, Raúl Nicolás Jamin, Clemens Scherer","doi":"10.1097/CCE.0000000000001117","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCE.0000000000001117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Cardiogenic shock (CS) is associated with high mortality. Patients treated for CS mostly require heparin therapy, which may be associated with complications such as heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). HIT represents a serious condition associated with platelet decline and increased hypercoagulability and remains a poorly researched field in intensive care medicine. Primary purpose of this study was to: 1) determine HIT prevalence in CS, 2) assess the performance of common diagnostic tests for the workup of HIT, and 3) compare outcomes in CS patients with excluded and confirmed HIT.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective dual-center study including adult patients 18 years old or older with diagnosed CS and suspected HIT from January 2010 to November 2022.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Cardiac ICU at the Ludwig-Maximilians University hospital in Munich and the university hospital of Bonn.</p><p><strong>Patients and interventions: </strong>In this retrospective analysis, adult patients with diagnosed CS and suspected HIT were included. Differences in baseline characteristics, mortality, neurologic and safety outcomes between patients with excluded and confirmed HIT were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Measurements and main results: </strong>In cases of suspected HIT, positive screening antibodies were detected in 159 of 2808 patients (5.7%). HIT was confirmed via positive functional assay in 57 of 2808 patients, corresponding to a prevalence rate of 2.0%. The positive predictive value for anti-platelet factor 4/heparin screening antibodies was 35.8%. Total in-hospital mortality (58.8% vs. 57.9%; <i>p</i> > 0.999), 1-month mortality (47.1% vs. 43.9%; <i>p</i> = 0.781), and 12-month mortality (58.8% vs. 59.6%; <i>p</i> > 0.999) were similar between patients with excluded and confirmed HIT, respectively. Furthermore, no significant difference in neurologic outcome among survivors was found between groups (Cerebral Performance Category [CPC] score 1: 8.8% vs. 8.8%; <i>p</i> > 0.999 and CPC 2: 7.8% vs. 12.3%; <i>p</i> = 0.485).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HIT was a rare complication in CS patients treated with unfractionated heparin and was not associated with increased mortality. Also, HIT confirmation was not associated with worse neurologic outcome in survivors. Future studies should aim at developing more precise, standardized, and cost-effective strategies to diagnose HIT and prevent complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":93957,"journal":{"name":"Critical care explorations","volume":"6 7","pages":"e1117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11265775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of a Machine Learning COVID-19 Veteran (COVet) Deterioration Risk Score.","authors":"Sushant Govindan, Alexandra Spicer, Matthew Bearce, Richard S Schaefer, Andrea Uhl, Gil Alterovitz, Michael J Kim, Kyle A Carey, Nirav S Shah, Christopher Winslow, Emily Gilbert, Anne Stey, Alan M Weiss, Devendra Amin, George Karway, Jennie Martin, Dana P Edelson, Matthew M Churpek","doi":"10.1097/CCE.0000000000001116","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCE.0000000000001116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>To develop the COVid Veteran (COVet) score for clinical deterioration in Veterans hospitalized with COVID-19 and further validate this model in both Veteran and non-Veteran samples. No such score has been derived and validated while incorporating a Veteran sample.</p><p><strong>Derivation cohort: </strong>Adults (age ≥ 18 yr) hospitalized outside the ICU with a diagnosis of COVID-19 for model development to the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) (n = 80 hospitals).</p><p><strong>Validation cohort: </strong>External validation occurred in a VHA cohort of 34 hospitals, as well as six non-Veteran health systems for further external validation (n = 21 hospitals) between 2020 and 2023.</p><p><strong>Prediction model: </strong>eXtreme Gradient Boosting machine learning methods were used, and performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and compared with the National Early Warning Score (NEWS). The primary outcome was transfer to the ICU or death within 24 hours of each new variable observation. Model predictor variables included demographics, vital signs, structured flowsheet data, and laboratory values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 96,908 admissions occurred during the study period, of which 59,897 were in the Veteran sample and 37,011 were in the non-Veteran sample. During external validation in the Veteran sample, the model demonstrated excellent discrimination, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.88. This was significantly higher than NEWS (0.79; p < 0.01). In the non-Veteran sample, the model also demonstrated excellent discrimination (0.86 vs. 0.79 for NEWS; p < 0.01). The top three variables of importance were eosinophil percentage, mean oxygen saturation in the prior 24-hour period, and worst mental status in the prior 24-hour period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We used machine learning methods to develop and validate a highly accurate early warning score in both Veterans and non-Veterans hospitalized with COVID-19. The model could lead to earlier identification and therapy, which may improve outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93957,"journal":{"name":"Critical care explorations","volume":"6 7","pages":"e1116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11262818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141728468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Across Pandemic Variant Periods: The Severe Acute Respiratory Infection-Preparedness (SARI-PREP) Study.","authors":"Vikramjit Mukherjee, Radu Postelnicu, Chelsie Parker, Patrick S Rivers, George L Anesi, Adair Andrews, Erin Ables, Eric D Morrell, David M Brett-Major, M Jana Broadhurst, J Perren Cobb, Amy Irwin, Christopher J Kratochvil, Kelsey Krolikowski, Vishakha K Kumar, Douglas P Landsittel, Richard A Lee, Janice M Liebler, Leopoldo N Segal, Jonathan E Sevransky, Avantika Srivastava, Timothy M Uyeki, Mark M Wurfel, David Wyles, Laura E Evans, Karen Lutrick, Pavan K Bhatraju","doi":"10.1097/CCE.0000000000001122","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CCE.0000000000001122","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Importance: &lt;/strong&gt;The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has evolved through multiple phases in the United States, with significant differences in patient centered outcomes with improvements in hospital strain, medical countermeasures, and overall understanding of the disease. We describe how patient characteristics changed and care progressed over the various pandemic phases; we also emphasize the need for an ongoing clinical network to improve the understanding of known and novel respiratory viral diseases.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;To describe how patient characteristics and care evolved across the various COVID-19 pandemic periods in those hospitalized with viral severe acute respiratory infection (SARI).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design: &lt;/strong&gt;Severe Acute Respiratory Infection-Preparedness (SARI-PREP) is a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Foundation-funded, Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery-housed, longitudinal multicenter cohort study of viral pneumonia. We defined SARI patients as those hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed respiratory viral infection and an acute syndrome of fever, cough, and radiographic infiltrates or hypoxemia. We collected patient-level data including demographic characteristics, comorbidities, acute physiologic measures, serum and respiratory specimens, therapeutics, and outcomes. Outcomes were described across four pandemic variant periods based on a SARS-CoV-2 sequenced subsample: pre-Delta, Delta, Omicron BA.1, and Omicron post-BA.1.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Setting: &lt;/strong&gt;Multicenter cohort of adult patients admitted to an acute care ward or ICU from seven hospitals representing diverse geographic regions across the United States.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Participants: &lt;/strong&gt;Patients with SARI caused by infection with respiratory viruses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main outcomes and results: &lt;/strong&gt;Eight hundred seventy-four adult patients with SARI were enrolled at seven study hospitals between March 2020 and April 2023. Most patients (780, 89%) had SARS-CoV-2 infection. Across the COVID-19 cohort, median age was 60 years (interquartile range, 48.0-71.0 yr) and 66% were male. Almost half (430, 49%) of the study population belonged to underserved communities. Most patients (76.5%) were admitted to the ICU, 52.5% received mechanical ventilation, and observed hospital mortality was 25.5%. As the pandemic progressed, we observed decreases in ICU utilization (94% to 58%), hospital length of stay (median, 26.0 to 8.5 d), and hospital mortality (32% to 12%), while the number of comorbid conditions increased.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions and relevance: &lt;/strong&gt;We describe increasing comorbidities but improved outcomes across pandemic variant periods, in the setting of multiple factors, including evolving care delivery, countermeasures, and viral variants. An understanding of patient-level factors may inform treatment options for subsequent variants and future novel pathogens.&lt;/p","PeriodicalId":93957,"journal":{"name":"Critical care explorations","volume":"6 7","pages":"e1122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11259394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141636149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}