Brain communications最新文献

{"title":"MRI identifies disrupted cerebral development in medulloblastoma patients.","authors":"Asim K Bag, Joseph Holtrop, John O Glass, Samuel S McAfee, Shengjie Wu, Yimei Li, Matthew Scoggins, Silu Zhang, Giles W Robinson, Amar Gajjar, Tara M Brinkman, Heather M Conklin, Wilburn E Reddick","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf090","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive decline in survivors of medulloblastoma is commonly attributed to radiation- and chemotherapy-induced brain microstructural alterations. Factors preceding this adjuvant therapy, such as disrupted brain development or resection surgery, may affect brain microstructure but have not been thoroughly explored in medulloblastoma. The aim of this study was to assess cortical thickness and microstructural integrity of the cerebrum prior to adjuvant therapy in medulloblastoma patients. Cross-sectional image data were acquired of medulloblastoma patients (<i>n</i> = 30) after surgery but before adjuvant therapy and compared with data from healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 35) matched for age range (12-22 years). Biomarkers of microstructural integrity include fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity. Thickness, surface area and volume were estimated for parcels of neocortex to evaluate potential morphology differences. Participants with medulloblastoma showed increased diffusivity parameters (mean, axial and radial diffusivity) and decreased fractional anisotropy, within nearly all white and grey matter parcels of the cerebrum, compared with healthy controls. Medulloblastoma participants additionally showed decreased cortical thickness in sub-regions of frontal, parietal, temporal and paracentral cortex. Broad cerebral microstructural alterations in medulloblastoma patients following surgery but before initiation of radiation or chemotherapy suggest that cerebellar insult, by tumour development or tumour resection, likely contributes to compromised integrity of cerebral grey and white matter. Locations of cortical thinning suggest that cerebellar insult may impair normal growth in cerebral regions responsible for executive function, language and attention-cognitive domains typically affected in medulloblastoma survivors.</p>","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"7 2","pages":"fcaf090"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11879392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between amyloid-β42 levels and neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease trials.","authors":"Jesus Thomas Abanto, Alok K Dwivedi, Bruno P Imbimbo, Alberto J Espay","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf089","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research on how Alzheimer's disease drugs impact neuropsychiatric symptoms is limited. Given the link between changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) levels and cognitive and clinical outcomes after anti-Aβ treatments, we hypothesized a similar association exists with neuropsychiatric symptoms. We conducted a meta-analysis of anti-Aβ drugs clinical trials to evaluate whether the changes in cerebrospinal Aβ42 levels are associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms, as measured by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and if any such effect is mediated by changes in cognitive performance, as measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination. Data from 10 trials involving 10 746 Alzheimer's disease patients were included. Decreases in Aβ42 levels were associated with worsening Neuropsychiatric Inventory scores (regression coefficient: -0.68; 95% confidence interval: -1.07 to -0.29; <i>P</i> = 0.002), and this association persisted after adjusting for Mini-Mental State Examination. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings. Changes in CSF Aβ42 levels are inversely and independently associated with the frequency and severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms in anti-Aβ trials, suggesting a potential role of Aβ42 in modulating neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"7 2","pages":"fcaf089"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11879397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of meningioma integrated molecular profiling to improve patient management and disclose novel therapeutic targets.","authors":"Luca Bertero, Marta Padovan, Giuseppe Lombardi","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf088","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This scientific commentary refers to 'Integrating genome-wide association studies and transcriptomics prioritizes drug targets for meningioma', by Liao <i>et al</i>. (https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcaf053).</p>","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"7 2","pages":"fcaf088"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11880797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143569058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological signatures in the Alzheimer's continuum discriminate between diagnosis-related and -unrelated associations to ATN categories.","authors":"Vilma Alanko, Sára Mravinacová, Anette Hall, Göran Hagman, Rosaleena Mohanty, Eric Westman, Peter Nilsson, Miia Kivipelto, Anna Månberg, Anna Matton","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf078","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease and related dementias have a multifactorial aetiology and heterogeneous biology. The current study aims to identify different biological signatures in a deeply phenotyped memory clinic patient population. In this cross-sectional study, we analysed 49 pre-specified proteins using a multiplex antibody-based suspension bead array in 278 CSF samples from the real-world research database and biobank at the Karolinska University Hospital Memory Clinic, Solna, Sweden. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of subjective cognitive decline (<i>N</i> = 151), mild cognitive impairment (<i>N</i> = 61), Alzheimer's disease (<i>N</i> = 47), or other diagnoses (<i>N</i> = 19; vascular dementias, alcohol-related dementia, unspecified dementias, or other amnesias) were included. Principal component analyses were performed, and resulting principal components (PCs) were tested for associations with clinical variables and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers (CSF biomarkers beta-amyloid 42, beta-amyloid 42/40, phosphorylated tau 181, phosphorylated tau 181/beta-amyloid 42). PC 1 (explaining 52% of the variance between patients) was associated with the clinical Alzheimer's disease CSF biomarkers beta-amyloid 42, phosphorylated tau 181, and total tau but not with Alzheimer's disease-related neurodegeneration imaging markers, cognitive performance, or clinical diagnosis. PC 2 (explaining 9% of the variance) displayed an inflammatory profile with high contributions of chitinase 3 like 1 (CHI3L1) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) and significant correlation to CSF free light chain kappa. In contrast to PC 1, PC 3 (explaining 5% of the variance) showed associations with all the clinical Alzheimer's disease CSF biomarkers, the imaging markers, cognitive impairment and clinical diagnosis. Serpin family A member 3 (SERPINA3), chitinase 1 (CHIT1), and neuronal pentraxin 2 (NPTX2) contributed most to PC 3. PC 4 (explaining 4% of the variance) exhibited an inflammatory profile distinct from PC 2, with the largest contributions from TREM2, leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) and complement C9. The component was associated with peripheral inflammation. We found that CSF protein profiles in a memory clinic cohort reflect molecular differences across diagnostic groups. Our results emphasize that real-world memory clinic patients can have different ongoing biological processes despite receiving the same diagnosis. In the future, this information could be utilized to identify patient endotypes and uncover precision biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"7 2","pages":"fcaf078"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11881062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The neural characteristics influencing literacy outcome in children with cochlear implants.","authors":"Nabin Koirala, Jacy Manning, Sara Neumann, Chelsea Anderson, Mickael L D Deroche, Jace Wolfe, Kenneth Pugh, Nicole Landi, Muthuraman Muthuraman, Vincent L Gracco","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf086","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early hearing intervention in children with congenital hearing loss is critical for improving auditory development, speech recognition and both expressive and receptive language, which translates into better educational outcomes and quality of life. In children receiving hearing aids or cochlear implants, both adaptive and potentially maladaptive neural reorganization can mitigate higher-level functions that impact reading. The focus of the present study was to dissect the neural underpinnings of the reading networks in children with cochlear implants and assess how these networks mediate the reading ability in children with cochlear implants. Cortical activity was obtained using naturalistic stimuli from 75 children (50 cochlear implant recipients, aged 7-17, and 25 age-matched children with typical hearing) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Assessment of basic reading skill was completed using the Reading Inventory and Scholastic Evaluation. We computed directed functional connectivity of the haemodynamic activity in reading-associated anterior and posterior brain regions using the time-frequency causality estimation method known as temporal partial directed coherence. The influence of the cochlear implant-related clinical measures on reading outcome and the extent to which neural connectivity mediated these effects were examined using structural equation modelling. Our findings reveal that the timing of intervention (e.g. age of first cochlear implants, age of first hearing aid) in children with cochlear implants significantly influenced their reading ability. Furthermore, reading-related processes (word recognition and decoding, vocabulary, morphology and sentence processing) were substantially mediated by the directed functional connectivity within reading-related neural circuits. Notably, the impact of these effects differed across various reading skills. Hearing age, defined as the age at which a participant received adequate access to sound, and age of initial implantation emerged as robust predictors of reading proficiency. The current study is one of the first to identify the influence of neural characteristics on reading outcomes for children with cochlear implants. The findings emphasize the importance of the duration of deafness and early intervention for enhancing outcomes and strengthening neural network connections. However, the neural evidence further suggested that such positive influences cannot fully offset the detrimental impact of early auditory deprivation. Consequently, additional, perhaps more specialized, interventions might be necessary to maximize the benefits of early prosthetic hearing intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"7 2","pages":"fcaf086"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11881800/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143569072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enlarged cavum septum pellucidum as a neuroimaging signature of head impact exposure.","authors":"Suzie Kamps, Hugo L Hempel, Suzan van Amerongen, Hannah de Bruin, Fleur H C van der Linden, Vikram Venkatraghavan, Wiesje M van der Flier, Yolande A L Pijnenburg, Frederik Barkhof, Philip Scheltens, Rik Ossenkoppele, Everard G B Vijverberg","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf085","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf085","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) is commonly observed upon neuroimaging examination in individuals exposed to repetitive head impacts (RHI) and post-mortem in cases with chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Consequently, CSP has been proposed as a potential biomarker for RHI-related neurodegeneration, yet prevalence estimates of CSP across other neurodegenerative diseases and its clinical implications are largely unknown. We assessed CSP prevalence and clinical correlates in individuals with RHI exposure, a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI), a neurodegenerative disease (i.e. Alzheimer's disease or frontotemporal dementia) and normal cognition. The primary group of interest, i.e. individuals exposed to RHI in contact sports or military service &lt;i&gt;(n&lt;/i&gt; = 65; mean exposure 21.58 years), was compared against age- and sex-matched participants with TBI (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 57; number of TBI range: 1-5) and non-exposed participants of the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort (Alzheimer's disease, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 30; frontotemporal dementia, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 24; normal cognition, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 27). Structural 3D brain MRI scans were visually rated for CSP grade (ranging 0-4) by two raters blinded to the clinical information. A CSP of at least Grade 2 was considered enlarged/abnormal. Inter-rater reliability was assessed with Cohens' weighted Kappa (&lt;i&gt;κ&lt;/i&gt;). We investigated whether prevalence of enlarged CSP differed between groups and assessed associations with neuropsychological outcomes (verbal memory, processing speed, mental flexibility and semantic fluency), neuropsychiatric symptoms (neuropsychiatric inventory), ventricular enlargement as measured with Evan's index and MRI volumes of composite regions (limbic, temporal-meta regions and the whole brain). Inter-rater reliability was substantial [&lt;i&gt;κ&lt;/i&gt; = 0.734 (95% confidence interval 0.67-0.80)]. An enlarged CSP was more often observed in the RHI group (44.6%) compared with individuals with Alzheimer's disease [13.3%, odds ratio (OR) = 5.24 (1.79-19.26)], frontotemporal dementia [16.7%, OR = 4.03 (1.35-15.02)] and normal cognition [18.5%, OR = 3.54 (1.27-11.62)], all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sub&gt;FDR&lt;/sub&gt; &lt; 0.05, but not compared with the TBI group [29.8%, OR = 1.90 (0.90-4.06), &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sub&gt;FDR&lt;/sub&gt;  &lt;i&gt;=&lt;/i&gt; 0.094]. In those with RHI, enlarged CSP was associated with lower outcomes on verbal memory learning (&lt;i&gt;η²&lt;/i&gt; = 0.09, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sub&gt;FDR&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.023) and recall (&lt;i&gt;η&lt;/i&gt;² &lt;i&gt;=&lt;/i&gt; 0.08, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sub&gt;FDR&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.030). For TBI, enlarged CSP was associated with lower performance on verbal memory learning; however, this lost significance after multiple comparison correction (&lt;i&gt;η²&lt;/i&gt; = 0.014, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sub&gt;FDR&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.09). Enlarged CSP was not associated with the composite MRI volumes, ventricular enlargement or neuropsychiatric symptoms. In summary, enlarged CSP was more prevalent in RHI-exposed individuals compared with individuals with a neurodegenerative disease or normal cognition, but not compared with TBI, and was ","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"7 2","pages":"fcaf085"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11879415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glymphatic dysfunction exacerbates cognitive decline by triggering cortical degeneration in Parkinson's disease: evidence from diffusion-tensor MRI.","authors":"Yang Zhao, Changyuan Xu, Yufan Chen, Tao Gong, Mengyuan Zhuo, Cheng Zhao, Zhanfang Sun, Weibo Chen, Yuanyuan Xiang, Guangbin Wang","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf029","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The glymphatic system may play a central role in cognitive impairment associated with Parkinson's disease, but its relationship with regional cortical atrophy is not fully explored. To explore associations among glymphatic dysfunction, regional cortical degeneration and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease participants, we evaluated 51 participants with documented Parkinson's disease (28 men; age, 61.65 ± 8.27 years) and 30 age- and sex-matched normal controls (11 men; age, 59.2 ± 5.90 years) who underwent 3.0-T MRI of the brain, including high-resolution T1-weighted imaging and diffusion-tensor imaging along the perivascular space as a surrogate for glymphatic flow. Cortical grey matter volume was segmented automatically based on three-dimensional T1-weighted sequences. Cognitive function was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination. The relationship between glymphatic dysfunction, cognitive decline and regional cortical degeneration was explored. The participants with Parkinson's disease revealed lower diffusion-tensor imaging along the perivascular space (1.45 ± 0.17 versus 1.64 ± 0.17, <i>P</i> < 0.0001) as compared with normal controls, indicating disturbed glymphatic flow. Glymphatic dysfunction was associated with cognitive scores (<i>r</i> = 0.54, <i>P</i> = 0.003). Diffusion-tensor imaging along the perivascular space values were positively associated with the volume of specific cortical regions (all <i>P</i>-values <0.05) including the temporal pole, posterior orbital gyrus, orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus, frontal operculum, central operculum and anterior cingulate gyrus. Mediation analysis within the Parkinson's disease participants indicated that the relationship between glymphatic dysfunction and cognitive scores was partially mediated by the integrity of orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate gyrus. Glymphatic dysfunction is associated with cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease, whereas the distribution of regional cortical degeneration may constitute the link between glymphatic dysfunction and cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"7 1","pages":"fcaf029"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11840164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diffuse nuclear Overhauser effect MRI contrast changes detected in multiple sclerosis subjects at 7T.","authors":"Paul S Jacobs, Anshuman Swain, Neil Wilson, Fang Liu, Blake Benyard, Bailey Spangler, Madeleine Seitz, Allen Fu, Ravi Prakash Reddy Nanga, Mark A Elliott, Amit Bar-Or, John Detre, Jennifer Orthmann Murphy, Matthew K Schindler, Ravinder Reddy","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf043","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating condition of the central nervous system affecting approximately 1 million people in the USA. Although standard structural MRI techniques are now the main imaging modality for multiple sclerosis diagnosis and management, they are yet to provide information regarding the metabolic profile of the disease. Ultra-high field 7T MRI systems have provided gains in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spatial resolution for structural MRI as well as larger chemical shifts leading to improvements in specialized imaging sequences, such as nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) imaging, that can evaluate macromolecular metabolite composition. In this work, NOE images were acquired on a cohort of multiple sclerosis and healthy control subjects to spatially map differences in their lipid metabolites as a result of NOE effects. NOE image data were acquired on a total of 25 subjects {15 multiple sclerosis subjects [10 females, 5 males (21-70 years)] and 10 healthy controls [5 females, 5 males (23-71 years)]} on a 7T MRI system with a frequency offset range of -5 to 5 ppm. A five-pool Lorentzian line fitting model was utilized to fit and quantitatively compare direct saturation (DS), magnetization transfer (MT), amide proton transfer (APT), amine, and relayed NOE (rNOE) and used as a comparison to conventional T₁ maps. Grey and white matter tissues were segmented using the T₁ maps, while the lesion tissue was segmented manually. Correlations between disease duration and lesion load were performed to investigate any existing relationship to image contrast. The primary findings of this work include statistically significant decreases in the rNOE pool for the normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) (11.4% decrease) and normal-appearing grey matter (NAGM) (10.6% decrease) in multiple sclerosis subjects compared to healthy controls. Additionally, a significant decrease in the amine pool was also observed for NAWM (15.3% decrease) in multiple sclerosis subjects compared to healthy controls. Changes in multiple sclerosis lesion contrast were also observed for several pools (DS, amine, and rNOE). Decreases in both the rNOE and amine pools suggest that in multiple sclerosis, there are diffuse decreases in mobile lipids, such as those found in neuronal cell bodies, as well as a decrease in proteins with amine groups. Furthermore, these measurable contrast changes were not detected in the corresponding T₁ maps. NOE imaging can provide complementary metabolic information to conventional MRI methods. Future studies will focus on utilizing this technique for longitudinal tracking of disease progression and investigating similar demyelinating diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"7 1","pages":"fcaf043"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11840165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic reconfiguration of brain functional networks in world class gymnasts: a resting-state functional MRI study.","authors":"Bolin Cao, Yu Guo, Fengguang Xia, Lunxiong Li, Zhanbing Ren, Min Lu, Jun Wang, Ruiwang Huang","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf083","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long-term intensive training has enabled world class gymnasts to attain exceptional skill levels, inducing notable neuroplastic changes in their brains. Previous studies have identified optimized brain modularity related to long-term intensive training based on resting-state functional MRI, which is associated with higher efficiency in motor and cognitive functions. However, most studies assumed that functional topological networks remain static during the scans, neglecting the inherent dynamic changes over time. This study applied a multilayer network model to identify the effect of long-term intensive training on dynamic functional network properties in gymnasts. The imaging data were collected from 13 gymnasts and 14 age- and gender-matched non-athlete controls. We first construct dynamic functional connectivity matrices for each subject to capture the temporal information underlying these brain signals. Then, we applied a multilayer community detection approach to analyse how brain regions form modules and how this modularity changes over time. Graph theoretical parameters, including flexibility, promiscuity, cohesion and disjointedness, were estimated to characterize the dynamic properties of functional networks across global, network, and nodal levels in the gymnasts. The gymnasts showed significantly lower flexibility, cohesion and disjointedness at the global level than the controls. Then, we observed lower flexibility and cohesion in the auditory, dorsal attention, sensorimotor, subcortical, cingulo-opercular and default mode networks in the gymnasts than in the controls. Furthermore, these gymnasts showed decreased flexibility and cohesion in several regions associated with motor function. Together, we found brain functional neuroplasticity related to long-term intensive training, primarily characterized by decreased flexibility of brain dynamics in the gymnasts, which provided new insights into brain reorganization in motor skill learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"7 2","pages":"fcaf083"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11891512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The elusive relationship between retinal anatomy and brain amyloid.","authors":"Dilraj S Grewal, Sharon Fekrat","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf038","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This scientific commentary refers to 'Retinal microstructure and microvasculature in association with brain amyloid burden', by Egle <i>et al</i>. (https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcaf013).</p>","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"7 1","pages":"fcaf038"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11837326/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143461017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}