Brain communications最新文献

{"title":"Stratification of surgical outcomes in trigeminal neuralgia using multimodal data.","authors":"Timur H Latypov, Rose Yakubov, Daniel Jörgens, Pascale Tsai, Patcharaporn Srisaikaew, Peter Shih-Ping Hung, Matthew R Walker, Marina Tawfik, David Mikulis, Frank Rudzicz, Mojgan Hodaie","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf178","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic pain remains a challenge for clinicians, with limited individualized predictive tools that can aid with diagnosis, disease course, or prediction of treatment outcomes. We hypothesized that a comprehensive analysis, encompassing a patient's complete pain-related clinical data, medical history and brain imaging, can identify key contributors linked to surgical outcomes and stratify specific outcome categories for trigeminal neuralgia (TN)-chronic facial pain syndrome. Using supervised and unsupervised machine learning approaches, we analysed data from 102 subjects with classical TN. Pre-surgical clinical data were processed through unsupervised learning to delineate key clinical contributors of TN outcome stratification and their correlation with surgical response. Concurrently, we applied supervised learning to pre-surgical T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging. Clinical data analysis uncovered pain and non-pain-related measures-including pain frequency, degree of medication relief, pain character, presence of diabetes and cancer history-as the most significant in forecasting surgical outcome. Analysis revealed strong correlation of pre-surgical clinical data with surgical response duration (<i>r</i> = 0.5, <i>P</i> < 0.00001). Imaging data analysis used a support vector machine classification model with high recall for subjects who would be either long-term responders or non-responders 0.79 and 0.86 with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.86 and 0.84, respectively. The average multiclass accuracy in predicting the duration of surgical response categories was 78% (AUC 0.8). Together, these results show that TN surgical outcome categories are distinguishable, and surgical outcome can be stratified based on combined clinical and brain imaging data available prior to surgical treatment. We suggest a novel perspective on different strata of chronic pain disorders, each with structural imaging, clinical correlates and specific surgical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"7 3","pages":"fcaf178"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12199914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voices of patients' relatives to support weaning from mechanical ventilation: a randomized trial.","authors":"Maximilian I Sprügel, Marie-Louise Isenberg, Jochen A Sembill, Tamara M Welte, Rüdiger Hopfengärtner, Stefanie Balk, Kosmas Macha, Anne Mrochen, Lena Rühl, Franziska Panier, Luise Biburger, Tobias Heckelsmüller, Lisa Dietmar, Markus Prinz, Stefan Schwab, Hagen B Huttner, Joji B Kuramatsu","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf197","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Weaning from mechanical ventilation is complicated in patients with severe brain injury, but recurrent stimulation by familiar voices and commands to breathe in and out during critical weaning periods may improve patient outcomes. This study aimed to assess the feasibility, safety and efficacy of audio recordings of patients' relatives to support weaning from mechanical ventilation. VOICE-WEANING II (Voices of patients' relatives to support weaning from mechanical ventilation) was a randomized (1:1), sham-controlled clinical trial. Patients aged 18 years and older with controlled mechanical ventilation ≥ 48 h due to neurological disease were included. Patients received either audio recordings or sham control with muted audio recordings for 10 min, three times per day from initiation of assisted mechanical ventilation. The primary outcome was rate of weaning failure. Secondary outcomes included duration of controlled ventilation, rate of tracheostomy, delirium and all-cause mortality at 90 days. Brain activity was assessed using spectral density analysis of continuous electroencephalogram monitoring. Fourty-five participants were randomized (25 males/20 females, median age 60 years). Of those, 22 patients received audio recordings (48.9%) and 23 (51.1%) sham control. Rate of weaning failure was 52.4% in the intervention group and 63.6% in the control group (adjusted difference -9.5; 95% confidence interval, -38.8 to 19.9; <i>P</i> = 0.50). Duration of controlled mechanical ventilation was significantly reduced in the treatment group (adjusted difference -19.4 h; 95% confidence interval, -37.4 to -1.5 h; <i>P</i> = 0.03). The intervention was feasible and safe. Brain activity was increased in response to treatment and pronounced in right fronto-central brain regions. Although audio recordings of patients' relatives did not significantly reduce weaning failure, the duration of controlled mechanical ventilation was significantly reduced and brain activity increased suggesting an immediate treatment response. These trial results seem to indicate a therapeutic effect of audio recordings of patients' relatives for weaning from mechanical ventilation.</p>","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"7 3","pages":"fcaf197"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12168123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The temporal dynamics and clinical relevance of choroid plexus measures in multiple sclerosis.","authors":"Ermelinda De Meo, Sarmad Al-Araji, Baris Kanber, Alessia Bianchi, Charmaine Hiu-Ying Yam, Ronja Christensen, Suraya Mohamud, Jed Wingrove, Omar Abdel-Mannan, Anuriti Aojula, Dimitrios Champsas, Weaam Hamed, Ahmed Hammam, Dominic Wilkins, Anna He, Yael Hacohen, Ferran Prados, Frederik Barkhof, Declan Chard, Olga Ciccarelli","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf239","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf239","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Choroid plexus enlargement is a promising biomarker of disease activity in multiple sclerosis. However, longitudinal changes in choroid plexus volume and microstructural integrity remain unclear. This study investigated temporal changes in choroid plexus measures and their correlations with clinical disability and brain volume changes over 18 months and the entire disease duration. We recruited consecutive relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients at treatment initiation who were then invited to come back for clinical, neuropsychological and brain MRI assessments at 6 and 18 months. Choroid plexus volume was measured using FreeSurfer and Gaussian Mixture Models on 3D-T1-weighted scans, and choroid plexus T1/T2 ratio was calculated from conventional 3D-T1- and T2-weighted images. Brain lesion, whole brain, grey matter, and white matter volumes were measured. Alternating conditional expectation algorithm was used to estimate trajectories of changes in choroid plexus measures over the entire disease course. Multiple linear regression and mixed effects models were used to investigate associations of choroid plexus measures with clinical and MRI measures. False discovery rate correction was applied. 422 RRMS patients were recruited [mean age: 40.8 years (SD 10.9), mean disease duration: 9.5 years (SD 17.4), median expanded disability status scale: 2.0 (IQR: 1.5-3.5); mean symbol digit modalities test score: 50.6 (SD 14.7), mean brief visuospatial memory test-revised score: 25 (SD7.6)]; 276 participants were studied at 6-months follow-up and 80 at 18-months. During the entire disease course, an initial increase in normalized choroid plexus volume was observed, followed by a plateau; T1/T2 ratio decreased initially, but then increased once the volume had stabilized. When examining changes in choroid plexus volumes over a median follow-up of 8.6 months, significant increases in both choroid plexus volumes [β = 0.45, standard error = 0.11, False discovery rate-corrected &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001)] and T1/T2 ratios (β = 0.29, standard error = 0.14, False discovery rate-corrected &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.05) were observed. A higher baseline choroid plexus T1/T2 ratio was linked to a faster rate of decrease in normalized brain volume (β = -0.21, standard error = 0.08, False discovery rate-corrected &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.01) and deep grey matter volume (β = -0.25, standard error = 0.10, False discovery rate-corrected &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.03) over time. Higher baseline choroid plexus T1/T2 values were associated with worsening performance on brief visuospatial memory test-revised over time (β = -0.23, standard error = 0.10, False discovery rate-corrected &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.04). Changes in choroid plexus measures over time appear non-linear, with volumes increasing earlier in the disease course and T1/T2 ratios rising later. After a mean disease duration of 9.5 years, higher choroid plexus T1/T2 ratios, but not volume, predicted faster memory decline and whole brain and deep grey matter volum","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"7 3","pages":"fcaf239"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12203544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144531677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corticomuscular coherence during upright standing in unilateral transfemoral amputees.","authors":"Britta Meyer, Thomas Krauskopf, Katharina Fuchs, Marvin Beusterien, Lukas Klein, Marc Mueller, Tonio Ball, Georg W Herget, Natalie Mrachacz-Kersting, Vinzenz von Tscharner, Carsten Mehring, Thomas Stieglitz, Cristian Pasluosta","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf238","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with a lower limb amputation suffer from an impaired balance control and thereby are at a higher risk to fall. To cope with this deficit, they adapt their neuromuscular system by modifying biomechanical and neuromuscular structures. In this study, we investigated changes in corticomuscular coherence between the motor cortex and muscles of the trunk and the intact lower leg. We recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) data from 10 unilateral transfemoral amputees and 10 age-matched able-bodied controls during quiet upright stance with eyes open, eyes closed and during dual tasking. To analyse afferent and efferent corticomuscular coherence, directional wavelet coherence between EEG and EMG signals was computed. The corticomuscular coherence analysis showed significant differences between amputees and controls in the afferent and efferent direction and across visual conditions, suggesting differences in the processing of sensory feedback. A power spectral density analysis of the motor cortex contralateral to the amputated leg of amputees showed increased power, as well as a pronounced decrease in alpha frequencies indicating an increased cognitive load. This exploratory study stimulates further hypotheses on how coordination of brain and muscle activity is modulated after a lower limb amputation.</p>","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"7 3","pages":"fcaf238"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12198670/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self- versus caregiver-reported apathy across neurological disorders.","authors":"Sijia Zhao, Anna Scholcz, Matthew A Rouse, Verena S Klar, Akke Ganse-Dumrath, Sofia Toniolo, M John Broulidakis, Matthew A Lambon Ralph, James B Rowe, Peter Garrard, Sian Thompson, Sarosh R Irani, Sanjay G Manohar, Masud Husain","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf235","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Apathy is a prevalent and persistent neuropsychiatric syndrome across many neurological disorders, significantly impacting both patients and caregivers. We systematically quantified discrepancies between self- and caregiver-reported apathy in 335 patients with a variety of diagnoses, such as frontotemporal dementia (behavioural variant and semantic dementia subtypes), Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's disease dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, Alzheimer's disease dementia, mild cognitive impairment, small vessel cerebrovascular disease, subjective cognitive decline and autoimmune encephalitis. Using the Apathy Motivation Index (AMI) and its analogous caregiver version (AMI-CG), we found that caregiver-reported apathy consistently exceeded self-reported levels across all conditions. Moreover, self-reported apathy accounted for only 14.1% of the variance in caregiver ratings. This apathy reporting discrepancy was most pronounced in conditions associated with impaired insight, such as behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, and was significantly correlated with cognitive impairment. Deficits in memory and fluency explained an additional 11.2% of the variance in caregiver-reported apathy. Specifically, executive function deficits (e.g. indexed by fluency) and memory impairments may contribute to behavioural inertia or recall of it. These findings highlight the need to integrate patient and caregiver perspectives in apathy assessments, especially for conditions with prominent cognitive impairment. To improve diagnostic accuracy and deepen our understanding of apathy across neurological disorders, we highlight the need for adapted apathy assessment strategies that account for cognitive impairment particularly in individuals with insight or memory deficits. Understanding the cognitive mechanisms underpinning discordant apathy reporting in dementia might help inform targeted clinical interventions and reduce caregiver burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"7 3","pages":"fcaf235"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144499836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lesion distribution and network mapping in dyskinetic cerebral palsy.","authors":"Ana Luísa de Almeida Marcelino, Bassam Al-Fatly, Mehmet S Tuncer, Ingeborg Krägeloh-Mann, Anne Koy, Andrea A Kühn","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf228","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dyskinetic cerebral palsy encompasses a group of predominantly perinatally acquired complex motor disorders that present with dystonia and/or choreoathetosis and are frequently associated with brain lesions in neuroimaging. Recently, lesion network mapping provided a tool to redefine neurological disorders as circuitopathies. Elucidating the common networks impacted by lesions in this condition could pave the way to identify new targets for neuromodulatory therapeutic approaches. In this study, we aim to assess lesion distribution in dyskinetic cerebral palsy and identify a related functional network derived from lesions. Here, we review the literature of MRI findings in dyskinetic cerebral palsy and perform literature-based lesion network mapping. Articles reporting conventional MRI findings clearly attributable to affected patients were included for review. Imaging findings and their anatomical distribution were extracted and quantified according to an established MRI classification system for cerebral palsy. Reviewed articles were searched for figures depicting lesions and these were traced onto a paediatric template. Whole-brain functional connectivity from lesions causing dyskinetic cerebral palsy was calculated using a paediatric resting-state functional MRI connectome. Individual maps were thresholded and later overlapped to derive a common network map associated with dyskinetic cerebral palsy. Results were contrasted with two control datasets for spatial specificity. Review of 48 selected articles revealed that grey matter injury predominated (51%), followed by white matter injury (28%). In 16% of cases MRI was normal. Subcortical lesions affected the thalamus, pallidum and putamen in >40% of reported patients, respectively. Figures available from 23 literature cases were used to calculate the lesion netwok map of dyskinetic cerebral palsy. The lesion-derived map revealed functional connectivity to a wide network including the brainstem, cerebellum, basal ganglia, cingulate and sensorimotor cortices. The strongest connectivity was found for the motor thalamus. This study confirms subcortical grey matter lesions as the most common MRI finding in dyskinetic cerebral palsy. The neural network identified with lesion network mapping includes areas previously implicated in hyperkinetic disorders and highlights the motor thalamus as a common network node. These results should be validated and their therapeutic implications explored in prospective trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"7 3","pages":"fcaf228"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12199781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug meclofenamate mitigates kainic acid-induced seizures via TRPM4 inhibition.","authors":"Erzsébet Kövesdi, Laura Mundrucz, Attila Gyéresi, Máté Deák, Balázs Gaszner, Andy Pironet, Cecília Szekeres-Paraczky, Zsófia Maglóczky, Péter Gombás, Rudi Vennekens, Viktória Kormos, Miklós Kecskés","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf229","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) is a Ca²⁺-activated non-selective cation channel that regulates various physiological functions of excitable cells. In accordance with our previous findings, TRPM4 is known to be present and to be functionally active in hilar mossy cells where it controls seizure susceptibility. With the help of <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> electrophysiological and histological experiments, we investigated the effect of TRPM4 channel inhibition upon kainic acid-induced seizures. In this study, we present that <i>in vivo</i> administration of meclofenamate a novel blocker of TRPM4 before kainic acid injection reduces both seizure frequency and duration in mice. Furthermore, our findings reveal that meclofenamate treatment prior to kainic acid injection selectively reduced mossy cell loss in the ventral hippocampus. Interestingly, we observed elevated expression of TRPM4 in mossy cells of the ventral hippocampus highlighting the heterogenity of these neurons in the hippocampus. In addition, patch clamp recordings revealed that meclofenamate modulates both the spontaneous activity and the action potential dynamics of mossy cells. Lastly, we revealed the presence of <i>TRPM4</i> transcript in human mossy cells. Altogether, these findings suggest that pharmacological inhibition of TRPM4 may reduce seizure frequency thus possibly protect mossy cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"7 3","pages":"fcaf229"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12199760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Listener effort measures clinically meaningful change of dysarthria in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.","authors":"Indu Navar Bingham, Raquel Norel, Esteban G Roitberg, Julián Peller, Marcos A Trevisan, Carla Agurto, Michele Merler, Diego E Shalom, Felipe Aguirre, Iair Embon, Alan Taitz, Donna Harris, Amy Wright, Katie Seaver, Stacey Sullivan, Jordan R Green, Lyle W Ostrow, Ernest Fraenkel, James D Berry","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf232","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative motor neuron disease that can cause progressive bulbar dysfunction and dysarthria, resulting in reduced quality of life. Quantitative motor speech analysis can identify features of dysarthria that worsen with ALS progression but are not, inherently, clinically meaningful. Listener effort (LE) is a clinician-rated feature describing how much effort the listener needs to exert to understand the dysarthric speaker. This study investigated whether LE could act as a clinically meaningful measure of ALS dysarthria that could be used as an outcome measure in clinical trials. The Everything ALS Speech Study obtained longitudinal clinical information and speech recordings from 292 participants. In a subset of 125 participants, we measured speaking rate and three speech-language pathologists (SLPs) with expertise in ALS rated LE. We also built and tested a LE prediction algorithm to predict the SLPs' rating of LE. In addition, all speech recordings and associated clinical data are now being made available to ALS researchers via the Everything ALS portal. LE intra- and inter-rater reliability was very high (ICC 0.94-0.95). LE correlated with other measures of dysarthria at baseline and changed over time in participants with ALS (slope 0.77 pts/month, SE = 0.15, <i>P</i> < 0.001) but not controls (slope 0.005 pts/month, SE = 0.02, <i>P</i> = 0.807). The slope of LE progression was faster in people with bulbar onset than non-bulbar onset ALS (1.66 points/month versus 0.42 pts/month; <i>P</i> < 0.001) but was similar in all participants who had bulbar dysfunction at baseline, regardless of ALS site of onset (1.52 pts/month for bulbar onset versus 0.98 pts/month for non-bulbar onset with current bulbar involvement; <i>P</i> = 0.36). The LE prediction model predicted the true LE, with an average <i>R</i> ² of 0.83 ± 0.07. Dysarthria is associated with decreased quality of life in people with ALS. Quantitative measures of dysarthria in ALS could be useful as ALS clinical trial outcome measures, providing insight into the progression of bulbar symptoms. Speaking rate quantifies progression but is variable across speaking stimuli, emotional states and contextual factors. LE is more inherently clinically meaningful, can be measured reliably by SLPs, changes quantitatively over time and is highly reproducible, thus may be useful as a clinical outcome assessment for ALS clinical trials. Furthermore, a LE prediction model is effective at predicting LE scores and should be validated on an external dataset.</p>","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"7 4","pages":"fcaf232"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12301878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144736066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain [¹⁸F]FDG uptake patterns in type 2 diabetes: new phenotypes relating to biomarkers of cognitive impairment.","authors":"Queralt Martín-Saladich, Deborah Pareto, Rafael Simó, Andreea Ciudin, Carolina Aparicio, Khadija Hammawa, Elena de la Calle Vargas, Santiago Aguadé-Bruix, Marina Giralt, Clara Ramirez-Serra, Miguel A González Ballester, José Raul Herance","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf213","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies in patients without Type 2 diabetes suggest that brain hypo- and hypermetabolic regions may indicate risk for cognitive disorders. We aimed to study these brain glucose uptake patterns in Type 2 diabetes to assess cognitive disorder risk and improve personalized management. Six hyper- and three hypometabolic regions were obtained through statistical parametric mapping, with cerebellar vermis and right superior temporal gyrus being the most relevant areas, respectively. Such allowed identification of two phenotypes via <i>k</i>-means clustering: brain hypometabolic dominant (bU[-]) and hypermetabolic dominant (bU[+]). bU[-] displayed elevated markers of both Type 2 diabetes and cognitive disorders, specifically of secreted frizzled-related protein 1, a protein related to different neuronal pathologies. A classifier was developed (area under the curve = 0.84, true positive rate = 0.81 and true negative rate = 0.78) using a combination of biochemical features. Type 2 diabetes patients exhibit hypo- and hypermetabolic brain regions that phenotype into bU[-] and bU[+] by using the relationship between right superior temporal gyrus and cerebellar vermis, which defines the transition from one phenotype to the other. We suggest bU[-] patients are exposed to a higher risk of developing cognitive disorders based on the alteration of secreted frizzled-related protein 1 due to progressed type 2 diabetes, which can be identified using the proposed biomarker-based classification model.</p>","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"7 3","pages":"fcaf213"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12159808/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144287570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebellar grey matter volume is associated with semantic fluency performance in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients.","authors":"Annaliis Lehto, Julia Schumacher, Stefan Teipel, Judith Machts, Stefan Vielhaber, Andreas Hermann, Johannes Prudlo, Elisabeth Kasper","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf230","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cerebellum has been shown to contribute to different cognitive functions such as verbal fluency and different aspects of executive functioning, which are also commonly impaired in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. Whereas cerebellar involvement has been indicated in ALS patients in general, its relative contribution to the patients' specific cognitive deficits remains unclear. In the current analyses, the demographic, clinical, neuropsychological and imaging data of 120 ALS patients and 88 healthy controls were analysed. Grey matter volume (GMV) and white matter (WM) fractional anisotropy were extracted for a comprehensive list of cerebral and cerebellar regions and bootstrapped elastic net regularized regression analyses were employed to identify regional structural metrics that were related to various cognitive scores. We further examined the stability of predictor variables selection and the regression coefficient distributions across the bootstrap samples. Both regional GMV and WM integrity are featured as informative predictors for patients' cognitive scores. The GMV of cerebellar lobules V and VIIIa were related to semantic fluency, but cerebellar regions did not reliably contribute to other cognitive outcomes. The GMV of pallidum was positively correlated with fluency outcomes and working memory, whereas hippocampus volume was positively related to fluency and episodic memory outcomes. Unsurprisingly, educational achievement emerged as the most general and reliable predictor of cognitive performance. Based on the current findings, cerebellar GMV seems to be specifically associated with semantic fluency performance in ALS patients but not any of the other cognitive measures. Further cognitive functions were associated with both cerebral grey matter (GM) and WM metrics. Future investigations could examine the possible involvement of the cerebellum in the affective and social-emotional dysfunction present in a subset of ALS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"7 3","pages":"fcaf230"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12199757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}