Brain communications最新文献

{"title":"Prematurity is associated with white matter T2 MRI visible perivascular spaces in very preterm-born neonates.","authors":"Lena Meinhold, Antonio G Gennari, Giancarlo Natalucci, Beatrice Latal, Flavia M Wehrle, Jean-Claude Fauchere, Cornelia Hagmann, Ruth O'Gorman Tuura","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf244","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perivascular spaces (PVSs), as biomarkers of the brain's neurofluid clearance system, remain largely unexplored in the brains of very preterm and term-born infants. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we investigate PVSs in very preterm and term-born neonates and explore potential associations with preterm birth, maturation, brain injury and developmental outcome. T2-weighted fast spin echo MRI data of 86 very preterm (<32 gestational weeks) and 43 term-born neonates were acquired at term-equivalent age (mean postmenstrual age = 41.63 ± 2.09 weeks) with a 3T GE HD.xt scanner, using an 8-channel head coil, with echo time/repetition time = 109/5700 ms, field of view = 25.6 cm, acquisition matrix = 256 × 256, reconstruction matrix = 512 × 512 and slice thickness = 2 mm. PVS counts were estimated visually in the basal ganglia and centrum semiovale (CSO) using a validated scoring system. Developmental outcome was evaluated using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II or III. White and grey matter injuries were evaluated using Woodward's score. Groupwise differences in PVS counts between term-born and very preterm-born neonates and associations with postmenstrual age, preterm birth, brain injury and developmental outcomes were evaluated with Mann-Whitney tests and multiple regression. PVS counts in the basal ganglia did not differ between groups, whereas PVS counts in the CSO were significantly higher in very preterm-born neonates (median = 1, interquartile range: 0-2), compared with term-born neonates (median = 0, interquartile range: 0-0; <i>P</i> < 0.001). CSO PVSs were independently associated with postmenstrual age, incidence rate ratio = 1.44, confidence interval 1.23-1.70), <i>P</i> < 0.001, and preterm birth, incidence rate ratio = 44.87, confidence interval 10.39-212.98, <i>P</i> < 0.001. Including a postmenstrual age-by-group interaction showed that the maturation-related increase of CSO PVSs did not differ between the groups. We found no evidence for an association of PVSs with brain injury (grey matter injury: <i>P</i> = 0.75 for basal ganglia and <i>P</i> = 0.84 for CSO; white matter injury: <i>P</i> = 0.92 for basal ganglia and <i>P</i> = 0.60 for CSO) or developmental outcome (<i>P</i> = 0.31 for basal ganglia, <i>P</i> = 0.24 for CSO). These results demonstrate an association of CSO PVSs with preterm birth and an increase of CSO PVSs with maturation. Longitudinal studies may shed further light on the role of preterm birth on the brain's neurofluid clearance system development.</p>","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"7 3","pages":"fcaf244"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12203554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144531675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motor and sensory neurophysiology in relation to [¹⁸F]FDG PET imaging in children with dystonia.","authors":"Stavros Tsagkaris, Verity McClelland, Doreen Fialho, Daniel E Lumsden, Margaret Kaminska, Eric Guedj, Alexander Hammers, Jean-Pierre Lin","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf151","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The network model of dystonia reconciles many of the neuroanatomical and electrophysiological abnormalities identified as potential pathophysiological factors. Recent [¹⁸F]fluorodeoxyglucose-PET brain imaging findings support this concept, revealing distinct patterns of abnormal brain metabolism in specific dystonia aetiologies. However, it is unclear how changes in specific neural pathways alter brain glucose metabolism. This observational study investigates patterns of brain metabolism using [¹⁸F]fluorodeoxyglucose-PET imaging in children with dystonia, awake-resting during the uptake period, in relation to measures of brain function using standard neurophysiological tests of motor and sensory pathway integrity. Central motor conduction times, somatosensory evoked potentials and [¹⁸F] fluorodeoxyglucose-PET scans were obtained in children with dystonia or dystonic-dyskinetic cerebral palsy undergoing standard clinical assessment for bilateral pallidal deep brain stimulation between 2007 and 2018 in Evelina London Children's Hospital. Data from 109 children aged 2.8-18.8 years were analysed retrospectively. Patients were divided into groups based on their neurophysiology results as follows: both tests normal (NN; 67), both abnormal (AA; 11), normal central motor conduction times/abnormal somatosensory evoked potentials (NA; 20), abnormal central motor conduction times/normal somatosensory evoked potentials (AN; 11). Groups were compared with a control group comprising [¹⁸F]fluorodeoxyglucose-PET scans from 39 healthy adults using Statistical Parametric Mapping 12 with age and groupwise global means as covariates. Taking into account groupwise global uptake, all four groups shared relative hypermetabolism in parietal areas, postcentral and precentral gyri. In addition, mild peri-insular hypometabolism was seen in the NN group. The NA group showed marked regional hypometabolism bilaterally in the thalami, globi pallidi, putamina, heads of the caudate nuclei and areas of peri-sylvian cortex. The AN group had hypometabolism in the thalami and posterior globi pallidi, the posterior putamina and areas of peri-sylvian cortex. The AA group also exhibited hypometabolism in the medial thalami and some areas of frontal and peri-insular cortex. Across the whole cohort, abnormal somatosensory evoked potentials were strongly associated with thalamic hypometabolism, with no marked differences for abnormal central motor conduction times. Brain metabolism patterns in dystonia relate to neurophysiological abnormalities in our study. Relative parietal hypermetabolism is more common than recognized previously, while thalamic hypometabolism is prominent in those with abnormal sensory pathway function. The findings support the network model of dystonia and emphasize the importance of multi-modal assessment in providing detailed phenotyping, which could inform individualized management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"7 3","pages":"fcaf151"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12203795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144531671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidimensional MRI reveals cortical astrogliosis linked to dementia in Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Stephanie Barsoum, Caitlin S Latimer, Amber L Nolan, Alexander Barrett, Koping Chang, Juan C Troncoso, C Dirk Keene, Dan Benjamini","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf245","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf245","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Despite the presence of significant Alzheimer's disease pathology, characterized by amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and phosphorylated tau (pTau) tangles, some cognitively unimpaired elderly individuals do not inevitably develop dementia. Cortical astroglial inflammation, a ubiquitous feature of symptomatic Alzheimer's disease, shows a strong correlation with cognitive impairment severity, highlighting the influence of factors beyond classical pathology. However, non-invasively imaging neuroinflammation, particularly astrogliosis, using MRI remains a significant challenge. Here we sought to address this challenge and to leverage multidimensional (MD) MRI, a powerful approach that combines relaxation with diffusion MR contrasts, to map cortical astrogliosis in the human brain by accessing sub-voxel information. Our goal was to investigate whether MD-MRI can map astroglial pathology in the cerebral cortex, and if so, whether it can distinguish cognitively normal state from dementia in the presence of hallmark Alzheimer's disease neuropathological changes. We adopted a multimodal approach by integrating histological and MRI analyses using human postmortem brain samples from two independent discovery and replication cohorts. &lt;i&gt;Ex vivo&lt;/i&gt; cerebral cortical tissue specimens were derived from two groups-non-demented individuals with varying levels of postmortem Alzheimer's disease pathology and individuals with both Alzheimer's disease pathology and dementia-and scanned using 7 T MRI. We acquired and processed MD-MRI, diffusion tensor, and quantitative T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; and T&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; MRI data, followed by histopathology on the same tissue. By co-registering MRI and microscopy data, we performed quantitative multimodal analyses, leveraging targeted immunostaining to assess MD-MRI sensitivity and specificity towards Aβ, pTau, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker for astrogliosis. Our discovery analysis reveals a distinct MD-MRI signature of cortical astrogliosis, enabling the creation of predictive maps for cognitive state amid Alzheimer's disease neuropathological changes. Multiple linear regression analysis linked histological values to MRI changes, revealing that the MD-MRI cortical astrogliosis biomarker was significantly associated with GFAP burden (standardized &lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt; = 0.658/0.709, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sub&gt;FDR&lt;/sub&gt; &lt; 0.0001), but not with Aβ (standardized &lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt; = 0.009/0.120, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sub&gt;FDR&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.913/0.274) or pTau (standardized &lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt; = -0.196/0.158, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sub&gt;FDR&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.051/0.251), for the discovery/replication groups, respectively. Conversely, none of the conventional MRI parameters showed significant associations with GFAP burden in the cortex. Finally, we showed that the MD-MRI-derived astrogliosis biomarker is the only MRI measure capable of predicting cognitive state. While the extent to which pathological glial activation contributes to neuronal damage and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease is uncertain, d","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"7 3","pages":"fcaf245"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12203664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144531672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in glucose metabolism in essential tremor: within and beyond the cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit.","authors":"Sarah Jonker, Jelle R Dalenberg, Debora E Peretti, A M Madelein van der Stouwe, Marina A J Tijssen","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf227","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pathophysiology and cerebellar role in essential tremor are not yet fully understood. Previous fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) studies comparing glucose metabolism between essential tremor and healthy participants have led to few and inconsistent results. We aimed to examine changes in brain glucose metabolism in [¹⁸F]FDG PET brain imaging in 19 right-handed essential tremor patients and compare them to 19 right-handed healthy participants using a voxel-based mass univariate analysis. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Hospital Depression scale were used as covariates. In addition, the correlation between tremor severity as measured with the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Tremor Rating Scale and brain glucose metabolism in essential tremor patients was assessed. Essential tremor patients showed significantly higher metabolism in the right dentate nucleus and, at a more liberal threshold, lower metabolism in the right parietal cortex. A positive correlation was detected between glucose metabolism in the left paracentral region and tremor severity, again at more liberal thresholding. Beyond the cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit, the decreased activity in the right parietal areas in essential tremor patients may indicate that the sensorimotor integration is an important aspect of essential tremor pathophysiology. In conclusion, our findings show altered glucose metabolism within and beyond the cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit.</p>","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"7 3","pages":"fcaf227"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144499835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The human spinothalamic tract: lessons from cordotomy.","authors":"Anthony K Allam, Michael Benjamin Larkin, Ishan A Patel, Mohammed Hasen, David Mears, Patrick Dougherty, Ashwin Viswanathan","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf237","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The spinothalamic tract has long been known as a primary conductor of nociceptive information, with its anatomical and physiological understanding evolving over centuries of research. This comprehensive review traces the history of the spinothalamic tract beginning with Brown-Sequard's 1860 report of contralateral analgesia following a hemisection of the spinal cord. As clinical and surgical interventions, such as cordotomies have advanced, so did our understanding of the spinothalamic tract's function and anatomy. The spinothalamic tract's role as a crossed pathway conducting pain and temperature sensations was solidified by the mid-20th century. However, intricate details of its somatotopic arrangement, anatomical distributions and sensory modalities were further refined by subsequent studies. Additionally, by examining complications of cordotomies, such as Ondine's Curse (central hypoventilation syndrome), urinary and autonomic dysfunction, motor weakness and late-onset new pain, the intricate relationships between the spinothalamic tract, the ascending and descending reticular tracts, the spinocerebellar tracts and other vital pathways governing micturition and autonomic functions were discovered.</p>","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"7 3","pages":"fcaf237"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12198438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decreased diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space index is related with clinical classification in essential tremor.","authors":"Yan Qin, Runcheng He, Xun Zhou, Mingqiang Li, Na Tan, Lanqing Liu, Yuwen Zhao, Zhenhua Liu, Qian Xu, Jifeng Guo, Xinxiang Yan, Beisha Tang, Dongcui Wang, Qiying Sun","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf240","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The glymphatic dysfunction involved in various neurodegenerative diseases. However, the relationship between glymphatic activity and essential tremor (ET) has not been fully elucidated. Our study explored the impact of glymphatic function on ET and its clinical classification. Participants comprised 37 pure ET, 38 ET-plus and 50 normal controls. Glymphatic function was evaluated via the diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index. Statistical comparisons of DTI-ALPS index among patients with pure ET, those with ET-plus and normal controls were conducted using general linear model analysis. Age, gender and disease duration were included as confounding variable. To confirm the relation between the DTI-ALPS index and the clinical characteristics of pure ET and ET-plus, we conducted partial Spearman rank correlation analyses while controlling for age and disease duration. The DTI-ALPS index in ET-plus patients was significantly lower than that in normal controls (<i>P</i> = 0.004) and pure ET patients (<i>P</i> = 0.010). In ET-plus patients, the DTI-ALPS index demonstrated a significant inverse relationship with disease duration (<i>r</i> = -0.330, <i>P</i> = 0.043). No significant correlations were found between the DTI-ALPS index and clinical severity of ET (all <i>P</i> > 0.05). We have identified for the first time that DTI-ALPS index could be used as a potential biomarker for the clinical classification of ET. The DTI-ALPS index was intimately correlated to disease duration in ET-plus patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"7 4","pages":"fcaf240"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12225669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stratification of surgical outcomes in trigeminal neuralgia using multimodal data.","authors":"Timur H Latypov, Rose Yakubov, Daniel Jörgens, Pascale Tsai, Patcharaporn Srisaikaew, Peter Shih-Ping Hung, Matthew R Walker, Marina Tawfik, David Mikulis, Frank Rudzicz, Mojgan Hodaie","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf178","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic pain remains a challenge for clinicians, with limited individualized predictive tools that can aid with diagnosis, disease course, or prediction of treatment outcomes. We hypothesized that a comprehensive analysis, encompassing a patient's complete pain-related clinical data, medical history and brain imaging, can identify key contributors linked to surgical outcomes and stratify specific outcome categories for trigeminal neuralgia (TN)-chronic facial pain syndrome. Using supervised and unsupervised machine learning approaches, we analysed data from 102 subjects with classical TN. Pre-surgical clinical data were processed through unsupervised learning to delineate key clinical contributors of TN outcome stratification and their correlation with surgical response. Concurrently, we applied supervised learning to pre-surgical T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging. Clinical data analysis uncovered pain and non-pain-related measures-including pain frequency, degree of medication relief, pain character, presence of diabetes and cancer history-as the most significant in forecasting surgical outcome. Analysis revealed strong correlation of pre-surgical clinical data with surgical response duration (<i>r</i> = 0.5, <i>P</i> < 0.00001). Imaging data analysis used a support vector machine classification model with high recall for subjects who would be either long-term responders or non-responders 0.79 and 0.86 with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.86 and 0.84, respectively. The average multiclass accuracy in predicting the duration of surgical response categories was 78% (AUC 0.8). Together, these results show that TN surgical outcome categories are distinguishable, and surgical outcome can be stratified based on combined clinical and brain imaging data available prior to surgical treatment. We suggest a novel perspective on different strata of chronic pain disorders, each with structural imaging, clinical correlates and specific surgical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"7 3","pages":"fcaf178"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12199914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voices of patients' relatives to support weaning from mechanical ventilation: a randomized trial.","authors":"Maximilian I Sprügel, Marie-Louise Isenberg, Jochen A Sembill, Tamara M Welte, Rüdiger Hopfengärtner, Stefanie Balk, Kosmas Macha, Anne Mrochen, Lena Rühl, Franziska Panier, Luise Biburger, Tobias Heckelsmüller, Lisa Dietmar, Markus Prinz, Stefan Schwab, Hagen B Huttner, Joji B Kuramatsu","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf197","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Weaning from mechanical ventilation is complicated in patients with severe brain injury, but recurrent stimulation by familiar voices and commands to breathe in and out during critical weaning periods may improve patient outcomes. This study aimed to assess the feasibility, safety and efficacy of audio recordings of patients' relatives to support weaning from mechanical ventilation. VOICE-WEANING II (Voices of patients' relatives to support weaning from mechanical ventilation) was a randomized (1:1), sham-controlled clinical trial. Patients aged 18 years and older with controlled mechanical ventilation ≥ 48 h due to neurological disease were included. Patients received either audio recordings or sham control with muted audio recordings for 10 min, three times per day from initiation of assisted mechanical ventilation. The primary outcome was rate of weaning failure. Secondary outcomes included duration of controlled ventilation, rate of tracheostomy, delirium and all-cause mortality at 90 days. Brain activity was assessed using spectral density analysis of continuous electroencephalogram monitoring. Fourty-five participants were randomized (25 males/20 females, median age 60 years). Of those, 22 patients received audio recordings (48.9%) and 23 (51.1%) sham control. Rate of weaning failure was 52.4% in the intervention group and 63.6% in the control group (adjusted difference -9.5; 95% confidence interval, -38.8 to 19.9; <i>P</i> = 0.50). Duration of controlled mechanical ventilation was significantly reduced in the treatment group (adjusted difference -19.4 h; 95% confidence interval, -37.4 to -1.5 h; <i>P</i> = 0.03). The intervention was feasible and safe. Brain activity was increased in response to treatment and pronounced in right fronto-central brain regions. Although audio recordings of patients' relatives did not significantly reduce weaning failure, the duration of controlled mechanical ventilation was significantly reduced and brain activity increased suggesting an immediate treatment response. These trial results seem to indicate a therapeutic effect of audio recordings of patients' relatives for weaning from mechanical ventilation.</p>","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"7 3","pages":"fcaf197"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12168123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The temporal dynamics and clinical relevance of choroid plexus measures in multiple sclerosis.","authors":"Ermelinda De Meo, Sarmad Al-Araji, Baris Kanber, Alessia Bianchi, Charmaine Hiu-Ying Yam, Ronja Christensen, Suraya Mohamud, Jed Wingrove, Omar Abdel-Mannan, Anuriti Aojula, Dimitrios Champsas, Weaam Hamed, Ahmed Hammam, Dominic Wilkins, Anna He, Yael Hacohen, Ferran Prados, Frederik Barkhof, Declan Chard, Olga Ciccarelli","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf239","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf239","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Choroid plexus enlargement is a promising biomarker of disease activity in multiple sclerosis. However, longitudinal changes in choroid plexus volume and microstructural integrity remain unclear. This study investigated temporal changes in choroid plexus measures and their correlations with clinical disability and brain volume changes over 18 months and the entire disease duration. We recruited consecutive relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients at treatment initiation who were then invited to come back for clinical, neuropsychological and brain MRI assessments at 6 and 18 months. Choroid plexus volume was measured using FreeSurfer and Gaussian Mixture Models on 3D-T1-weighted scans, and choroid plexus T1/T2 ratio was calculated from conventional 3D-T1- and T2-weighted images. Brain lesion, whole brain, grey matter, and white matter volumes were measured. Alternating conditional expectation algorithm was used to estimate trajectories of changes in choroid plexus measures over the entire disease course. Multiple linear regression and mixed effects models were used to investigate associations of choroid plexus measures with clinical and MRI measures. False discovery rate correction was applied. 422 RRMS patients were recruited [mean age: 40.8 years (SD 10.9), mean disease duration: 9.5 years (SD 17.4), median expanded disability status scale: 2.0 (IQR: 1.5-3.5); mean symbol digit modalities test score: 50.6 (SD 14.7), mean brief visuospatial memory test-revised score: 25 (SD7.6)]; 276 participants were studied at 6-months follow-up and 80 at 18-months. During the entire disease course, an initial increase in normalized choroid plexus volume was observed, followed by a plateau; T1/T2 ratio decreased initially, but then increased once the volume had stabilized. When examining changes in choroid plexus volumes over a median follow-up of 8.6 months, significant increases in both choroid plexus volumes [β = 0.45, standard error = 0.11, False discovery rate-corrected &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001)] and T1/T2 ratios (β = 0.29, standard error = 0.14, False discovery rate-corrected &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.05) were observed. A higher baseline choroid plexus T1/T2 ratio was linked to a faster rate of decrease in normalized brain volume (β = -0.21, standard error = 0.08, False discovery rate-corrected &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.01) and deep grey matter volume (β = -0.25, standard error = 0.10, False discovery rate-corrected &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.03) over time. Higher baseline choroid plexus T1/T2 values were associated with worsening performance on brief visuospatial memory test-revised over time (β = -0.23, standard error = 0.10, False discovery rate-corrected &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.04). Changes in choroid plexus measures over time appear non-linear, with volumes increasing earlier in the disease course and T1/T2 ratios rising later. After a mean disease duration of 9.5 years, higher choroid plexus T1/T2 ratios, but not volume, predicted faster memory decline and whole brain and deep grey matter volum","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"7 3","pages":"fcaf239"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12203544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144531677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corticomuscular coherence during upright standing in unilateral transfemoral amputees.","authors":"Britta Meyer, Thomas Krauskopf, Katharina Fuchs, Marvin Beusterien, Lukas Klein, Marc Mueller, Tonio Ball, Georg W Herget, Natalie Mrachacz-Kersting, Vinzenz von Tscharner, Carsten Mehring, Thomas Stieglitz, Cristian Pasluosta","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf238","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcaf238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with a lower limb amputation suffer from an impaired balance control and thereby are at a higher risk to fall. To cope with this deficit, they adapt their neuromuscular system by modifying biomechanical and neuromuscular structures. In this study, we investigated changes in corticomuscular coherence between the motor cortex and muscles of the trunk and the intact lower leg. We recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) data from 10 unilateral transfemoral amputees and 10 age-matched able-bodied controls during quiet upright stance with eyes open, eyes closed and during dual tasking. To analyse afferent and efferent corticomuscular coherence, directional wavelet coherence between EEG and EMG signals was computed. The corticomuscular coherence analysis showed significant differences between amputees and controls in the afferent and efferent direction and across visual conditions, suggesting differences in the processing of sensory feedback. A power spectral density analysis of the motor cortex contralateral to the amputated leg of amputees showed increased power, as well as a pronounced decrease in alpha frequencies indicating an increased cognitive load. This exploratory study stimulates further hypotheses on how coordination of brain and muscle activity is modulated after a lower limb amputation.</p>","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"7 3","pages":"fcaf238"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12198670/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}