Brain communications最新文献

{"title":"Neurophysiological patterns reflecting vulnerability to delirium subtypes: a resting-state EEG and event-related potential study.","authors":"Monique S Boord, Daniel Feuerriegel, Scott W Coussens, Daniel H J Davis, Peter J Psaltis, Marta I Garrido, Alice Bourke, Hannah A D Keage","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcae298","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcae298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Delirium is a common and acute neurocognitive disorder in older adults associated with increased risk of dementia and death. Understanding the interaction between brain vulnerability and acute stressors is key to delirium pathophysiology, but the neurophysiology of delirium vulnerability is not well defined. This study aimed to identify pre-operative resting-state EEG and event-related potential markers of incident delirium and its subtypes in older adults undergoing elective cardiac procedures. This prospective observational study included 58 older participants (mean age = 75.6 years, SD = 7.1; 46 male/12 female); COVID-19 restrictions limited recruitment. Baseline assessments were conducted in the weeks before elective cardiac procedures and included a 4-min resting-state EEG recording (2-min eyes open and 2-min eyes closed), a 5-min frequency auditory oddball paradigm recording, and cognitive and depression examinations. Periodic peak power, peak frequency and bandwidth measures, and aperiodic offsets and exponents were derived from resting-state EEG data. Event-related potentials were measured as mean component amplitudes (first positive component, first negative component, early third positive component, and mismatch negativity) following standard and deviant auditory stimuli. Incident delirium occurred in 21 participants: 10 hypoactive, 6 mixed, and 5 hyperactive. Incident hyperactive delirium was associated with higher pre-operative eyes open (<i>P</i> = 0.045, <i>d</i> = 1.0) and closed (<i>P</i> = 0.036, <i>d</i> = 1.0) aperiodic offsets. Incident mixed delirium was associated with significantly larger pre-operative first positive component amplitudes to deviants (<i>P</i> = 0.037, <i>d</i> = 1.0) and larger third positive component amplitudes to standards (<i>P</i> = 0.025, <i>d</i> = 1.0) and deviants (<i>P</i> = 0.041, <i>d</i> = 0.9). Other statistically non-significant but moderate-to-large effects were observed in relation to all subtypes. We report evidence of neurophysiological markers of delirium risk weeks prior to elective cardiac procedures in older adults. Despite being underpowered due to COVID-19-related recruitment impacts, these findings indicate pre-operative dysfunction in neural excitation/inhibition balance associated with different delirium subtypes and warrant further investigation on a larger scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"6 5","pages":"fcae298"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11389613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142303342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural response to monetary incentives in acquired adolescent depression after mild traumatic brain injury: Stage 2 Registered Report.","authors":"Jeremy Hogeveen, Ethan M Campbell, Teagan S Mullins, Cidney R Robertson-Benta, Davin K Quinn, Andrew R Mayer, James F Cavanagh","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcae250","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcae250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depression is a common consequence of traumatic brain injury. Separately, spontaneous depression-arising without brain injury-has been linked to abnormal responses in motivational neural circuitry to the anticipation or receipt of rewards. It is unknown if post-injury and spontaneously occurring depression share similar phenotypic profiles. This issue is compounded by the fact that nearly all examinations of these psychiatric sequelae are <i>post hoc</i>: there are rarely any prospective assessments of mood and neural functioning before and after a brain injury. In this Stage 2 Registered Report, we used the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Consortium dataset to examine if a disruption in functional neural responses to rewards is present in patients with depression after a mild traumatic brain injury. Notably, this study provides an unparalleled opportunity to examine the trajectory of neuropsychiatric symptoms longitudinally within-subjects. This allowed us to isolate mild traumatic brain injury-specific variance independent from pre-existing functioning. Here, we focus on a case-control comparison between 43 youth who experienced a mild traumatic brain injury between MRI visits, and 43 well-matched controls. Contrary to pre-registered predictions (https://osf.io/h5uba/), there was no statistically credible increase in depression in mild traumatic brain injury cases relative to controls. Mild traumatic brain injury was associated with subtle changes in motivational neural circuit recruitment during the anticipation of incentives on the Monetary Incentive Delay paradigm. Specifically, changes in neural recruitment appeared to reflect a failure to deactivate 'task-negative' brain regions (ventromedial prefrontal cortex), alongside blunted recruitment of 'task-positive' regions (anterior cingulate, anterior insula and caudate), during the anticipation of reward and loss in adolescents following mild brain injuries. Critically, these changes in brain activity were not correlated with depressive symptoms at either visit or depression change scores before and after the brain injury. Increased time since injury was associated with a recovery of cognitive functioning-driven primarily by processing speed differences-but depression did not scale with time since injury. These cognitive changes were also uncorrelated with neural changes after mild traumatic brain injury. This report provides evidence that acquired depression may not be observed as commonly after a mild traumatic brain injury in late childhood and early adolescence, relative to findings in adult cases. Several reasons for these differing findings are considered, including sampling enrichment in retrospective cohort studies, under-reporting of depressive symptoms in parent-report data, and neuroprotective factors in childhood and adolescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"6 5","pages":"fcae250"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11371397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple disconnection syndrome, interoceptive metacognition deficits and fatigue in multiple sclerosis.","authors":"Moussa A Chalah, Samar S Ayache","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcae302","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcae302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This scientific commentary refers to 'Understanding the mechanisms of fatigue in multiple sclerosis: linking interoception, metacognition and white matter dysconnectivity', by Danciut <i>et al</i>. (https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcae292).</p>","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"6 5","pages":"fcae302"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11406542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142303383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can integration of Alzheimer's plasma biomarkers with MRI, cardiovascular, genetics, and lifestyle measures improve cognition prediction?","authors":"Robel K Gebre, Jonathan Graff-Radford, Vijay K Ramanan, Sheelakumari Raghavan, Ekaterina I Hofrenning, Scott A Przybelski, Aivi T Nguyen, Timothy G Lesnick, Jeffrey L Gunter, Alicia Algeciras-Schimnich, David S Knopman, Mary M Machulda, Maria Vassilaki, Val J Lowe, Clifford R Jack, Ronald C Petersen, Prashanthi Vemuri","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcae300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcae300","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;There is increasing interest in Alzheimer's disease related plasma biomarkers due to their accessibility and scalability. We hypothesized that integrating plasma biomarkers with other commonly used and available participant data (MRI, cardiovascular factors, lifestyle, genetics) using machine learning (ML) models can improve individual prediction of cognitive outcomes. Further, our goal was to evaluate the heterogeneity of these predictors across different age strata. This longitudinal study included 1185 participants from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging who had complete plasma analyte work-up at baseline. We used the Quanterix Simoa immunoassay to measure neurofilament light, Aβ&lt;sub&gt;1-42&lt;/sub&gt; and Aβ&lt;sub&gt;1-40&lt;/sub&gt; (used as Aβ&lt;sub&gt;42&lt;/sub&gt;/Aβ&lt;sub&gt;40&lt;/sub&gt; ratio), glial fibrillary acidic protein, and phosphorylated tau 181 (p-tau181). Participants' brain health was evaluated through gray and white matter structural MRIs. The study also considered cardiovascular factors (hyperlipidemia, hypertension, stroke, diabetes, chronic kidney disease), lifestyle factors (area deprivation index, body mass index, cognitive and physical activities), and genetic factors (&lt;i&gt;APOE&lt;/i&gt;, single nucleotide polymorphisms, and polygenic risk scores). An ML model was developed to predict cognitive outcomes at baseline and decline (slope). Three models were created: a base model with groups of risk factors as predictors, an enhanced model included socio-demographics, and a final enhanced model by incorporating plasma and socio-demographics into the base models. Models were explained for three age strata: younger than 65 years, 65-80 years, and older than 80 years, and further divided based on amyloid positivity status. Regardless of amyloid status the plasma biomarkers showed comparable performance (&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;² = 0.15) to MRI (&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;² = 0.18) and cardiovascular measures (&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;² = 0.10) when predicting cognitive decline. Inclusion of cardiovascular or MRI measures with plasma in the presence of socio-demographic improved cognitive decline prediction (&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;² = 0.26 and 0.27). For amyloid positive individuals Aβ&lt;sub&gt;42&lt;/sub&gt;/Aβ&lt;sub&gt;40&lt;/sub&gt;, glial fibrillary acidic protein and p-tau181 were the top predictors of cognitive decline while Aβ&lt;sub&gt;42&lt;/sub&gt;/Aβ&lt;sub&gt;40&lt;/sub&gt; was prominent for amyloid negative participants across all age groups. Socio-demographics explained a large portion of the variance in the amyloid negative individuals while the plasma biomarkers predominantly explained the variance in amyloid positive individuals (21% to 37% from the younger to the older age group). Plasma biomarkers performed similarly to MRI and cardiovascular measures when predicting cognitive outcomes and combining them with either measure resulted in better performance. Top predictors were heterogeneous between cross-sectional and longitudinal cognition models, across age groups, and amyloid status. Multimodal approaches will enhance the usefulness of plasma biomarkers through","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"6 5","pages":"fcae300"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11406552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142303375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of cortical thickness alterations in degenerative cervical myelopathy: associations with dexterity and gait dysfunctions.","authors":"Fauziyya Muhammad, Kenneth A Weber, Michael Rohan, Zachary A Smith","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcae279","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcae279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) can lead to significant brain structural reorganization. The association between the cortical changes and specific motor symptoms in DCM has yet to be fully elucidated. We investigated the associations between cortical thickness changes with neurological symptoms, such as dexterity and gait abnormalities, in patients with DCM in a case-control study. A 3 Tesla MRI scanner was used to acquire high-resolution T1-weighted structural scans from 30 right-handed patients with DCM and 22 age-matched healthy controls. Pronounced cortical thinning was observed in DCM patients relative to healthy controls, particularly in the bilateral precentral and prefrontal gyri, left pars triangularis, left postcentral gyrus, right transverse temporal and visual cortices (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.04). Notably, cortical thickness in these regions showed strong correlations with objective motor deficits (<i>P</i> < 0.0001). Specifically, the prefrontal cortex, premotor area and supplementary motor area exhibited significant thickness reductions correlating with diminished dexterity (R² = 0.33, <i>P</i> < 0.0007; R² = 0.34, <i>P</i> = 0.005, respectively). Similarly, declines in gait function were associated with reduced cortical thickness in the visual motor and frontal eye field cortices (R² = 0.39, <i>P</i> = 0.029, R² = 0.33, <i>P</i> = 0.04, respectively). Interestingly, only the contralateral precuneus thickness was associated with the overall modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) scores (R² = 0.29, <i>P</i> = 0.003). However, the upper extremity subscore of mJOA indicated an association with the visual cortex and the anterior prefrontal (R² = 0.48, <i>P</i> = 0.002, R² = 0.33, <i>P</i> = 0.0034, respectively). In conclusion, our findings reveal patterns of cortical changes correlating with motor deficits, highlighting the significance of combining objective clinical and brain imaging assessments for understanding motor network dysfunction in DCM.</p>","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"6 5","pages":"fcae279"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11448325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual mismatch negativity in Parkinson's psychosis and potential for testing treatment mechanisms.","authors":"Miriam Vignando, Dominic Ffytche, Ndabezinhle Mazibuko, Giulio Palma, Marcella Montagnese, Sonali Dave, David J Nutt, Anthony S Gabay, Yen F Tai, Lucia Batzu, Valentina Leta, Caroline H Williams Gray, K Ray Chaudhuri, Mitul A Mehta","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcae291","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcae291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychosis and visual hallucinations are a prevalent non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease, negatively affecting patients' quality of life and constituting a greater risk for dementia. Understanding neural mechanisms associated to these symptoms is instrumental for treatment development. The mismatch negativity is an event-related potential evoked by a violation in a sequence of sensory events. It is widely considered an index of sensory change-detection. Reduced mismatch negativity response is one of the most replicated results in schizophrenia and has been suggested to be a superior psychosis marker. To understand whether this event-related potential component could be a similarly robust marker for Parkinson's psychosis, we used electroencephalography with a change-detection task to study the mismatch negativity in the visual modality in 20 participants with Parkinson's and visual hallucinations and 18 matched Parkinson's participants without hallucinations. We find that visual mismatch negativity is clearly present in participants with Parkinson's disease without hallucinations at both parieto-occipital and frontal sites, whereas participants with Parkinson's and visual hallucinations show reduced or no differences in the two waveforms, confirming the sensitivity of mismatch negativity to psychosis, even within the same diagnostic group. We also explored the relationship between hallucination severity and visual mismatch negativity amplitude, finding a negative correlation between visual hallucinations severity scores and visual mismatch negativity amplitude at a central frontal and a parieto-occipital electrodes, whereby the more severe or complex (illusions, formed visual hallucinations) the symptoms the smaller the amplitude. We have also tested the potential role of the serotonergic 5-HT_2A cascade in visual hallucinations in Parkinson's with these symptoms, following the receptor trafficking hypothesis. We did so with a pilot study in healthy controls (<i>N</i> = 18) providing support for the role of the Gi/o-dependent pathway in the psychedelic effect and a case series in participants with Parkinson's and visual hallucinations (<i>N</i> = 5) using a double-blind crossover design. Positive results on psychosis scores and mismatch amplitude add further to the potential role of serotonergic modulation of visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"6 5","pages":"fcae291"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11443450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuron collinearity differentiates human hippocampal subregions: a validated deep learning approach.","authors":"Jan Oltmer, Emily M Williams, Stefan Groha, Emma W Rosenblum, Jessica Roy, Josue Llamas-Rodriguez, Valentina Perosa, Samantha N Champion, Matthew P Frosch, Jean C Augustinack","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcae296","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcae296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The hippocampus is heterogeneous in its architecture. It contributes to cognitive processes such as memory and spatial navigation and is susceptible to neurodegenerative disease. Cytoarchitectural features such as neuron size and neuronal collinearity have been used to parcellate the hippocampal subregions. Moreover, pyramidal neuron orientation (orientation of one individual neuron) and collinearity (how neurons align) have been investigated as a measure of disease in schizophrenia. However, a comprehensive quantitative study of pyramidal neuron orientation and collinearity within the hippocampal subregions has not yet been conducted. In this study, we present a high-throughput deep learning approach for the automated extraction of pyramidal neuron orientation in the hippocampal subregions. Based on the pretrained Cellpose algorithm for cellular segmentation, we measured 479 873 pyramidal neurons in 168 hippocampal partitions. We corrected the neuron orientation estimates to account for the curvature of the hippocampus and generated collinearity measures suitable for inter- and intra-individual comparisons. Our deep learning results were validated with manual orientation assessment. This study presents a quantitative metric of pyramidal neuron collinearity within the hippocampus. It reveals significant differences among the individual hippocampal subregions (<i>P</i>  <i><</i> 0.001), with cornu ammonis 3 being the most collinear, followed by cornu ammonis 2, cornu ammonis 1, the medial/uncal subregions and subiculum. Our data establishes pyramidal neuron collinearity as a quantitative parameter for hippocampal subregion segmentation, including the differentiation of cornu ammonis 2 and cornu ammonis 3. This novel deep learning approach could facilitate large-scale multicentric analyses in subregion parcellation and lays groundwork for the investigation of mental illnesses at the cellular level.</p>","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"6 5","pages":"fcae296"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11389610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142303341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subcortical volume in middle-aged adults with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.","authors":"Amanda Bischoff-Grethe, Susan A Stoner, Edward P Riley, Eileen M Moore","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcae273","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcae273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies of youth and young adults with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) have most consistently reported reduced volumes of the corpus callosum, cerebellum and subcortical structures. However, it is unknown whether this continues into middle adulthood or if individuals with PAE may experience premature volumetric decline with aging. Forty-eight individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) and 28 healthy comparison participants aged 30 to 65 participated in a 3T MRI session that resulted in usable T₁-weighted and T₂-weighted structural images. Primary analyses included volumetric measurements of the caudate, putamen, pallidum, cerebellum and corpus callosum using FreeSurfer software. Analyses were conducted examining both raw volumetric measurements and subcortical volumes adjusted for overall intracranial volume (ICV). Models tested for main effects of age, sex and group, as well as interactions of group with age and group with sex. We found the main effects for group; all regions were significantly smaller in participants with FASD for models using raw volumes (<i>P</i>'s < 0.001) as well as for models using volumes adjusted for ICV (<i>P</i>'s < 0.046). Although there were no significant interactions of group with age, females with FASD had smaller corpus callosum volumes relative to both healthy comparison females and males with FASD (<i>P</i>'s < 0.001). As seen in children and adolescents, adults aged 30 to 65 with FASD showed reduced volumes of subcortical structures relative to healthy comparison adults, suggesting persistent impact of PAE. Moreover, the observed volumetric reduction of the corpus callosum in females with FASD could suggest more rapid degeneration, which may have implications for cognition as these individuals continue to age.</p>","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"6 5","pages":"fcae273"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11369821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142127649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Watershed regions are more susceptible to tissue microstructural injury in multiple sclerosis.","authors":"Ahmad A Toubasi, Junzhong Xu, Jarrod J Eisma, Salma AshShareef, Caroline Gheen, Taegan Vinarsky, Pragnya Adapa, Shailee Shah, James Eaton, Richard D Dortch, Manus J Donahue, Francesca Bagnato","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcae299","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcae299","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Histopathologic studies report higher concentrations of multiple sclerosis white matter lesions in watershed areas of the brain, suggesting that areas with relatively lower oxygen levels may be more vulnerable to disease. However, it is unknown at what point in the disease course lesion predilection for watershed territories begins. Accordingly, we studied a cohort of people with newly diagnosed disease and asked whether (1) white matter lesions disproportionally localize to watershed-regions and (2) the degree of microstructural injury in watershed-lesions is more severe. Fifty-four participants, i.e. 38 newly diagnosed people with multiple sclerosis, clinically isolated syndrome or radiologically isolated syndrome, and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging. T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;-weighted and T&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences, selective inversion recovery quantitative magnetisation transfer images, and the multi-compartment diffusion imaging with the spherical mean technique were acquired. We computed the macromolecular-to-free pool size ratio, and the apparent axonal volume fraction maps to indirectly estimate myelin and axonal integrity, respectively. We produced a flow territory atlas in each subject's native T&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images using a T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;-weighted magnetic resonance imaging template in the Montreal Neurological Institute 152 space. Lesion location relative to the watershed, non-watershed and mixed brain vascular territories was annotated. The same process was performed on the T&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images of the healthy controls using 294 regions of interest. Generalized linear mixed models for continuous outcomes were used to assess differences in size, pool size ratio and axonal volume fraction between lesions/regions of interests (in healthy controls) situated in different vascular territories. In patients, we assessed 758 T&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-lesions and 356 chronic black holes (cBHs). The watershed-territories had higher relative and absolute concentrations of T&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-lesions (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;≤0.041) and cBHs (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;≤0.036) compared to either non-watershed- or mixed-zones. T&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-lesions in watershed-areas also had lower pool size ratio relative to T&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-lesions in either non-watershed- or mixed-zones (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.039). These results retained significance in the sub-cohort of people without vascular comorbidities and when accounting for periventricular lesions. In healthy controls, axonal volume fraction was higher only in mixed-areas regions of interest compared to non-watershed-ones (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.008). No differences in pool size ratio were seen. We provide &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; evidence that there is an association between arterial vascularisation of the brain and multiple sclerosis-induced tissue injury as early as the time of disease diagnosis. Our findings und","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"6 5","pages":"fcae299"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11452773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Summer days: research culture and the neuroscience of taking a break.","authors":"Tara L Spires-Jones","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcae266","DOIUrl":"10.1093/braincomms/fcae266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our editor discusses taking a vacation without a computer and some neuroscience evidence supporting the need for work-life balance.</p>","PeriodicalId":93915,"journal":{"name":"Brain communications","volume":"6 5","pages":"fcae266"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11368153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142127650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}