{"title":"Pituitary dysfunction due to sports injuries.","authors":"Canan Sehit Kara, Zuleyha Karaca","doi":"10.1016/j.beem.2025.101995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2025.101995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) during sports activities may lead to dysfunction of the pituitary gland. Even mild TBIs have been shown to have the potential to induce pituitary dysfunction. The clinical picture of pituitary dysfunction subsequent to TBIs may mimic the post-TBI period itself. Pituitary hormone deficiencies may improve or new ones may be observed over time. For this reason, hypopituitarism should be considered both during the acute phase and in the recovery period. The most prevalent pituitary hormone deficiency that follows a sports injury is growth hormone (GH) deficiency. Despite the established knowledge regarding the deleterious consequences of GH deficiency in the athletes, the efficacy of replacement therapy remains controversial. Concurrently, given the potential for GH to be utilised for doping purposes, a consensus on the monitoring of these patients remains elusive. There is a necessity for further systematic and large-scale studies on the epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, screening algorithms, and prevention strategies related to sports-related pituitary dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":93894,"journal":{"name":"Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"101995"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francesco Calvanese, Gianpaolo Jannelli, Camille Sergeant, Romain Manet, Loic Feuvret, François Ducray, Gèrarld Raverot, Emmanuel Jouanneau
{"title":"Predominantly cystic craniopharyngiomas: Current management approaches, outcomes and limitations.","authors":"Francesco Calvanese, Gianpaolo Jannelli, Camille Sergeant, Romain Manet, Loic Feuvret, François Ducray, Gèrarld Raverot, Emmanuel Jouanneau","doi":"10.1016/j.beem.2025.101981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2025.101981","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Predominantly cystic craniopharyngiomas are benign but challenging intracranial tumors. Due to their proximity to critical neurovascular structures, they pose significant risks in terms of management and potential postoperative complications. This review aims to provide an overview of the current management strategies, assess their outcomes, and discuss limitations inherent to these approaches. We highlight the role of surgery, radiotherapy, and emerging therapeutic modalities, emphasizing the need for individualized treatment plans tailored to the tumor characteristics and patient-specific factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":93894,"journal":{"name":"Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"101981"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Autoimmune Addison's disease.","authors":"Serena Saverino, A. Falorni","doi":"10.1056/nejm196312122692422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm196312122692422","url":null,"abstract":"Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) occurs in 1/5000-1/7000 individuals in the general population. Autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD) is the major cause of PAI and is a major component of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1) and type 2 (APS2). Presence of 21-hydroxylase autoantibodies (21OHAb) identifies subjects with ongoing clinical or pre-clinical adrenal autoimmunity. AAD requires life-long substitutive therapy with two-three daily doses of hydrocortisone (HC) (15-25 mg/day) or one daily dose of dual-release HC and with fludrocortisone (0.5-2.0 mg/day). The lowest possible HC dose must be identified according to clinical and biochemical parameters to minimize long-term complications that include osteoporosis and cardiovascular and metabolic alterations. Women with AAD have lower fertility and parity as compared to age-matched healthy controls. Patients must be educated to double-triple HC dose in the case of fever or infections and to switch to parenteral HC in the case of vomiting, diarrhoea or acute hypotension.","PeriodicalId":93894,"journal":{"name":"Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism","volume":"1 1","pages":"101379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1056/nejm196312122692422","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42725642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}