Annals of medicine最新文献

{"title":"L3-SMI as a predictor of overall survival in oesophageal cancer patients receiving PD-1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy.","authors":"Huiya Ying, Yuhao Chen, Yiwen Hong, Kanglei Ying, Shiyu Li, Yuxuan Zhang, Tianhao Mei, Xian Song, Yuanhang He, Chenrui Yao, Fujun Yu","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2024.2440114","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07853890.2024.2440114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1), as an immunotherapy target, has been increasingly used in tumour therapies. But as reactions and outcomes to PD-1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy vary individually, it is primarily important to identify an ideal indicator for predicting the therapeutic effectiveness in individual patients. Oesophageal cancer (EC) patients often have difficulty eating due to tumour blockage of the oesophagus, leading to malnutrition and muscle loss. Sarcopenia is one of the influencing factors for poor prognosis in tumour patients, but its role in PD-1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy of EC patients is not fully clarified. In this study, we aimed to explore the prognostic significance of Sarcopenia measured by CT in EC patients treated with PD-1 antibody combined with chemotherapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The third lumbar skeletal muscle mass index (L3-SMI) was obtained from 83 EC patients before and 3 months after administration of PD-1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy using conventional CT scans.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline L3-SMI and 3-month L3-SMI values were found not suitable for predicting the overall survival (OS) of EC patients (<i>p</i> = 0.32 & <i>p</i> = 0.055). Longitudinal change in L3-SMI (ΔL3-SMI) during PD-1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy was identified as a relevant marker of OS in univariable analysis (HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.96-1.00, <i>p</i> = 0.042) and multivariable analysis (HR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93-0.99, <i>p</i> = 0.02). L3-SMI-positive patients generally had better OS (<i>p</i> = 0.041).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Excessive muscle loss rather than muscle loss before and after administration of PD-1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy is an important prognostic factor for therapeutic outcomes and OS in EC patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2440114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11639058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural or functional abnormality of sphincter of Oddi: an important factor for the recurrence of choledocholithiasis after endoscopic treatment.","authors":"Ye Yang, Zeying Zhao, Shuodong Wu, Dianbo Yao","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2024.2440119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2024.2440119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A high recurrence rate is undesirable after treatment of common bile duct (CBD) stones. A major risk factor identified for recurrence is that invasive techniques, including surgical or endoscopic treatments, will impair the biliary tract system either by direct incision of the CBD or by cutting or dilating the ampulla of Vater. During endoscopic treatment, two main assisted methods for lithotomy, sphincterotomy and papillary balloon dilation, can result in different degrees of damage to the structure and function of the sphincter of Oddi (SO), contributing to slowing of biliary excretion, cholestasis, biliary bacterial infection, and promotion of bile duct stone recurrence. In this review, the relationship between endoscopic lithotomy and structural impairment or functional abnormality of the SO will be summarized, and their relationship with the recurrence of CBD stones will also be analyzed. Further improvement of these endoscopic methods or exploration of some novel methods, such as endoscopic endoclip papilloplasty, temporary insertion of a self-expandable metal stent, and combined application of peroral cholangioscopy, may aid in providing more appropriate treatment for patients with choledocholithiasis, repair or protect the function and structure of SO, reduce or prevent the recurrence of bile duct stones, and improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2440119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics, outcomes and the necessity of continued guideline-directed medical therapy in patients with heart failure with improved ejection fraction.","authors":"Qin-Fen Chen, Yindan Lu, Christos S Katsouras, Yangdi Peng, Junfang Sun, Mingming Li, Chenyang Liu, Hongxia Yao, Liyou Lian, Xiaofang Feng, Wei-Hong Lin, Xiao-Dong Zhou","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2024.2442535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2024.2442535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Much remains to be learned about patients with heart failure with improved ejection fraction (HFimpEF).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study sheds light on the characteristics and clinical outcomes of HFimpEF patients, including the consequences of halting guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study was conducted on patients diagnosed with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) who underwent a second echocardiogram at least 6 months apart between January 2009 and February 2023. The primary outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including all-cause mortality and heart failure hospitalization. The second outcome was recurrent HFrEF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 4,560 HFrEF patients were included, 3,289 (72.1%) achieved HFimpEF within a median follow-up period of 3.4 years (IQR: 1.8 - 5.9 years). Among these HFimpEF patients, recurrent HFrEF was observed in 941 (28.6%) patients during a median follow-up period of 2.3 years (IQR: 0.8-4.6 years). The proportion of patients who halted GDMT was 70.4%, 53.2%, 59.8% and 63.8% for MRA, beta-blockers, ACEI/ARB/ARNI and SGLT-2 inhibitors. Multivariable Cox analysis revealed ischemic heart disease, chronic kidney disease, coronary heart disease, lower left ventricular ejection fraction, larger left ventricular diastolic dimension and non-use GDMT are associated with recurrent HFrEF. Individuals without GDMT use exhibited lower chances of persistently recovering ejection fraction and high risks of MACEs compared to those who continue use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HFimpEF is a common condition across all clinical follow-ups. Prevalent discontinuation of GDMT medications may contribute significantly to recurrent HFrEF, placing patients at a higher risk for poor prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2442535"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal genetic detection in foetus with gallbladder size anomalies: cohort study and systematic review of the literature.","authors":"Yimo Zeng, Rong Hu, Jian Lu, Yiming Qi, Dan Chen, Chaoxiang Yang, Jing Wu","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2024.2440638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2024.2440638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was to evaluate the detection rate of genetic abnormalities in cases of foetal gallbladder (FGB) size abnormalities to determine whether these abnormalities justify prenatal diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two hundred and twenty-seven foetuses with gallbladder (GB) size anomalies who underwent prenatal diagnosis between January 2015 and June 2024 were included in the study. All these patients underwent chromosomal microarray and/or karyotyping, and 37 cases also underwent whole exome sequencing (WES). Two hundred and eight cases were followed up for postnatal outcomes. Then, we reviewed the literature of FGB anomalies cases with confirmed chromosomal results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 227 foetuses, comprising 60 cases with isolated GB size anomalies and 167 cases with non-isolated GB size anomalies. Non-isolated GB size anomalies were associated with findings such as hyperechogenic bowel, ventriculomegaly, foetal growth restriction (FGR), cardiac anomalies, renal dysplasia and single umbilical artery. The overall diagnostic yield of genetic tests was 10.57% (24/227). Aneuploidies were identified in seven foetuses. Pathogenic/likely pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs) were found in nine foetuses, and α0-thalassemia in five foetuses. Additionally, three pathogenic single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) were detected through WES. Foetuses with non-isolated GB size anomalies showed a higher rate of detecting genetic abnormalities compared to those with isolated GB size anomalies, with a significant difference in statistical analysis (13.2% vs. 3.3%, <i>p</i> = .033, Chi-square test). A total of eight studies, involving 407 cases met the criteria for inclusion in the systematic review. Overall, 28 foetuses were identified to have chromosomal abnormalities (6.9%, 28/407).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study indicates that parents of foetuses with GB size anomalies should be informed about the potential for aneuploidy, pathogenic CNVs and SNVs, and genetic testing should be recommended in cases of non-isolated foetal GB size anomalies.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2440638"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overexpression of ST8Sia1 inhibits tumor progression by TGF-β1 signaling in rectal adenocarcinoma and promotes the tumoricidal effects of CD8⁺ T cells by granzyme B and perforin.","authors":"Chang Zhang, Yeli Wang, Yao Yu, Yanchao Pang, Xiao Xiao, Leilei Hao","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2024.2439539","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07853890.2024.2439539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rectal adenocarcinoma (READ) involves the dysregulated expression of alpha 2,8-Sialyltransferase1 (ST8Sia1) although its role during READ's progression is unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The mRNA level of ST8Sia1 was analyzed based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) 2.0. Furthermore, the prognostic and significance of ST8Sia1 in READ was assessed through Kaplan-Meier curve, univariate, multivariate Cox regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) methods. The role of ST8Sia1 in the READ immune microenvironment was explored using ESTIMATE analysis and TIMER databases. Furthermore, the expression of ST8Sia1 in tissues was analyzed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blotting (WB), and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Perforin and Granzyme B secretion by CD8⁺ T cells, as well as tumor cell apoptosis, were detected after co-culturing CD8⁺ T cells with READ tumor cells and ST8Sia1-overexpression (ST8Sia1-OE) tumor cells. Furthermore, we examined the interaction between ST8Sia1 and TGF-β1 in READ cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ST8Sia1 exhibited excellent diagnostic capability for READ, with positive correlations to immune response and negative correlations to tumor purity. Increased levels of perforin and Granzyme B from CD8⁺ T cells were observed in vitro, enhancing tumor cell apoptosis. ST8Sia1 interacts with TGF-β1, mediating its inhibitory effects on READ development.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ST8Sia1 is a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for READ, enhancing CD8⁺ T cell function and possibly improving patient outcomes through cellular immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2439539"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11633436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142803806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal trends in gender, etiology, severity and outcomes of acute pancreatitis in a third-tier Chinese city from 2013 to 2021.","authors":"Yining Huang, Minhao Qiu, Shuang Pan, Yan Zhou, Xiaoyi Huang, Yinglu Jin, Maddalena Zippi, Sirio Fiorino, Vincent Zimmer, Wandong Hong","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2024.2442073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2024.2442073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To evaluate temporal trends in gender, etiology, severity, outcomes, cost and median length of stay (MLS) in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) in a third-tier Chinese city.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with AP admitted to a university hospital between January 2013 and December 2021. Relationships between etiology, prevalence of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and survey years were investigated by joinpoint regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 5459 (male 62.3%) patients with AP were included. Between January 2013 and December 2021, we observed: (a) the prevalence of biliary diseases-related AP was stable, while the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (HTG)-associated AP (P_<i>trend</i> = 0.04) and alcohol-associated AP (P_<i>trend</i> < 0.0001) both increased; (b) there was an increase in crude prevalence of SAP from 4.97% to 12.2% between 2013 and 2021 (P_<i>trend</i> < 0.0001); (c) compared to female populations, male gender had a higher prevalence of AP; (d) there was a decrease in MLS from 11 days to 8 days (P<i>_trend</i> < 0.0001) and in median cost of hospitalization (MCH) for all patients (from 20,166 to 12,845 YUAN) (P_<i>trend</i> < 0.0001); (e) the overall in-hospital mortality rate was 1.28% (70/5459) for patients with AP. There was no statistically significant in the time trend of mortality during the study period (P<i>_trend</i> = 0.5873). At multivariate analysis, survey year was associated with prevalence of SAP after adjustment by age and biliary diseases (OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.03-1.12). Based on the stratification by severity of disease, the decrease of MLS and MCH was more significant in non-SAP vs. SAP patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Over the observational period, the proportion of male patients with AP, prevalence of age-adjusted rate of HTG and alcohol-associated AP and SAP increased, while MLS and MCH for all patients decreased, and the time trend of mortality of AP was stable.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2442073"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing diverse cross-sectional assessment templates to instruct novice nurses in the neurology department about typical diseases.","authors":"Qing-Mei Wang, Dong-Ping Shi, Shi-Jing Zhang","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2024.2440126","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07853890.2024.2440126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study is to explore the utilization of diverse cross-sectional assessment templates for typical diseases in educating novice nurses in neurology departments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between January and December 2019, all registered nurses who had worked for less than 10 years at our center, were enrolled in this retrospective study. They were divided into the observation (18 nurses) and control (17 nurses) groups. The control group received training on various cross-sectional assessments for typical diseases. A comparative analysis was conducted on clinical work ability, nursing quality, adverse events, and patient satisfaction between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 35 nurses participated in this study. The work ability score for nurses in the observation group was 97.42 ± 2.02 points, demonstrating a significant increase compared to the control group (92.17 ± 1.72 points) (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Regarding the quality of care provided to critically ill patients, the observation group demonstrated a significantly higher score of 95.82 ± 1.31 points compared to the control group, which scored 87.70 ± 3.15 points (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The number of adverse events within one year after admission was notably lower in the observation group, with 8 cases, compared to 23 cases in the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.006). Additionally, nurses in the observation group achieved a higher patient satisfaction score compared to the control group (97.23 ± 1.78 vs. 92.19 ± 1.49 points, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The utilization of diverse cross-sectional assessment templates and instructional videos for typical diseases in the training of novice nurses in the neurology department enhanced nursing quality, improved clinical practical abilities, and improved patient safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2440126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11636134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-based radiomic features of perivascular adipose tissue in coronary computed tomography angiography predicting inflammation status around atherosclerotic plaque: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Kunlin Ye, Lingtao Zhang, Hao Zhou, Xukai Mo, Changzheng Shi","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2024.2431606","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07853890.2024.2431606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study expolored the relationship between perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) radiomic features derived from coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and the presence of coronary artery plaques. It aimed to determine whether PVAT radiomic could non-invasively assess vascular inflammation associated with plaque presence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective cohort study, data from patients undergoing coronary artery examination between May 2021 and December 2022 were analyzed. Demographics, clinical data, plaque location and stenosis severity were recorded. PVAT radiomic features were extracted using PyRadiomics with key features selected using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and recursive feature elimination (RFE) to create a radiomics signature (RadScore).Stepwise logistic regression identified clinical predictors. Predictive models (clinical, radiomics-based and combined) were constructed to differentiate plaque-containing segments from normal ones. The final model was presented as a nomogram and evaluated using calibration curves, ROC analysis and decision curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis included 208 coronary segments from 102 patients. The RadScore achieved an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.897 (95% CI: 0.88-0.92) in the training set and 0.717 (95% CI: 0.63-0.81) in the validation set. The combined model (RadScore + Clinic) demonstrated improved performance with an AUC of 0.783 (95% CI: 0.69-0.87) in the validation set and 0.903 (95% CI: 0.83-0.98) in an independent test set. Both RadScore and combined models significantly outperformed the clinical model (<i>p</i> < .001). The nomogram integrating clinical and radiomics features showed robust calibration and discrimination (c-index: 0.825 in training, 0.907 in testing).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CCTA-based PVAT radiomics effectively distinguished coronary artery segments with and without plaques. The combined model and nomogram demostrated clinical utility, offering a novel approach for early diagnosis and risk stratification in coronary heart disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2431606"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11639068/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the efficacy and safety of polyglycolic acid-loading mitomycin nanoparticles in inhibiting the scar proliferation after glaucoma filtering surgery.","authors":"Tao Li, Juan Tang, Changfen Li, Guogang Liu, Ying Li, Shanlan Guo, Qilin Fang, Jing Li, Xing Qi, Xingde Liu, Juan Du, Dan Zhang, Silun Xiong, Jiaqian Li, Yueyue Tan, Biao Li, Chuanqiang Dai, Qinqin Zhang, Jiaman Li, Xiaoli Wu","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2024.2436458","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07853890.2024.2436458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To prepare a polyglycolic acid-loaded mitomycin drug (MMC-ATS-@PLGA) to inhibit scar proliferation after glaucoma filtering surgery (GFS) <i>via</i> an anti-inflammatory mechanism that minimally affected intraocular pressure, which provided another therapeutic strategy for this disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We first detected the physicochemical properties of MMC-ATS-@PLGA. Next, we tested the biosafety of MMC-ATS-@PLGA <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>. Then, we assessed the therapeutic effects of MMC-ATS-@PLGA by laboratory and clinical examinations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we synthesized a new type of nanomedicine (MMC-ATS-@PLGA) with good stability and biocompatibility for inhibiting scar proliferation after GFS. The break-up time (BUT), Schimer test and intraocular pressure changes in GFS rabbits before and after treatment with MMC-ATS-@PLGA were not significantly different. Three weeks after GFS, the MMC-ATS-@PLGA group displayed significant decreases in nuclear volume, corneal cell oedema, type I and III collagen fibre expression, normal organelle morphology and collagen fibre arrangement. Compared with those in the FML and MMC groups, the α-SMA, CTGF and type III collagen fibres in the MMC-ATS-@PLGA group decreased more significantly, indicating that MMC-ATS-@PLGA can effectively inhibit the expression of these inflammatory factors during the inhibition of scar proliferation after GFS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We successfully synthesized MMC-ATS-@PLGA, which could effectively inhibit scar proliferation after GFS <i>via</i> anti-inflammatory effects but had little effect on intraocular pressure. This new type of nanomedicine has good biosafety and stability and is worthy of further exploration in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2436458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11622377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142782195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In silico</i> and <i>in vivo</i> verification of the mechanism of formononetin in treating hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Guiping Ma, Xu Pang, Yun Ran, Wenlin Chen, Yichi Zhou, Xiaobin Li, Bowen Liu, Feng Li, Shiping Hu","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2024.2404550","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07853890.2024.2404550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a significant global medical challenge. Formononetin, an isoflavone derived from <i>Astragalus membranaceus</i>, has been shown to have various regulatory effects on HCC. However, the exact molecular mechanism by which formononetin acts against HCC is still unclear.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To elucidate the molecular mechanism of formononetin in treating HCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The potential targets of formononetin were retrieved from Swisstargets and SEA databases, while targets associated with HCC were sourced from GeneCards, NCBI and DisGeNET databases. The overlapping targets were visualized using protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis via String database, and subsequently subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Molecular docking was employed to confirm the interaction between formononetin and key targets. Ultimately, the effectiveness of formononetin on HCC and the signalling pathway with the highest enrichment were confirmed in the HCC tumour-bearing mice. Histopathological changes in tumour tissues were observed using haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, while apoptosis of tumour cells in mice was assessed through TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) and immunofluorescence staining. The most enriched signalling pathway was verified using Western blotting and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and ninety-three potential targets related to formononetin, 6980 targets associated with HCC and 156 overlapping targets were obtained from the online public databases. Molecular docking studies demonstrated formononetin's robust interaction with core targets. KEGG enrichment analysis identified 111 signalling pathways, including PI3K/AKT and apoptosis signalling pathways. <i>In vivo</i> experiments demonstrated that formononetin significantly promoted apoptosis of tumour cell in mice, as confirmed by HE, TUNEL and immunofluorescence staining (<i>p</i> < .05). Formononetin was found to decrease the phosphorylation levels of PI3K and AKT, reduce the expression of Bcl-2, and increase the expression of cleaved-Caspase-3 and Bax (<i>p</i> < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Formononetin demonstrates dose-dependent regulatory effects on multiple targets, biological processes and signalling pathways in HCC. The compound can mitigate HCC by enhancing PI3K/AKT-mediated apoptosis of tumour cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"56 1","pages":"2404550"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11418045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142303187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}