Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research最新文献

{"title":"Role of Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 in Acute Behavioral Responses to Graft Versus Host Disease in Male Mice.","authors":"Alison Moe, Hannah A Liphart, Kathryn Heaster, Julian Romero, William R Drobyski, Cecilia J Hillard","doi":"10.1177/25785125261442840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25785125261442840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is a debilitating consequence of bone marrow (BM) transplantation for the treatment of hematological cancers and other conditions. Previous studies have demonstrated that mouse models of GVHD result in significant prefrontal cortical (PFC) neuroinflammation, which is mitigated by global and microglial-selective deletion of the type 2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2R). This study examined whether genetic deletion of CB2R similarly rescues the acute behavioral dysregulation produced by GVHD.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>GVHD was initiated in C57BL/6 mice by irradiation followed by infusion of BM and splenocytes from major histocompatibility mismatched B10.BR donors. Fourteen-18 days after transplant, mice were exposed to a battery of behavioral tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The primary behavioral effects of GVHD in wild-type mice were increased immobility in the open field and increased struggling in the forced swim. These effects of GVHD also occurred in global CB2R knockout mice and in mice with CB2R deletion in cells expressing CX3CR1, which includes microglia. GVHD did not affect social interactions, sucrose consumption, rotarod behavior, or time in the middle of the open field in any genotype.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These data indicate that while CB2R deletion from the recipient mice protects against neuronal loss and inflammation in the brain, it does not protect against acute behavioral dysregulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"25785125261442840"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147644269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetic Differences Between Fast-Acting, Standard, and Placebo Cannabis Edibles.","authors":"Bradley T Conner, Emma E Smith, Samuel M DiCecco, Kira L Sturgess, Hollis C Karoly, Gregory Dooley, Natalie Akagi, Charles Villanueva, Michael Hennesy","doi":"10.1177/25785125261441366","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25785125261441366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Edibles have become the second-most used cannabis product in legal U.S. states, wherein 64% of cannabis consumers reported using edibles within the past year. Among expansions to the legal cannabis industry are the newly marketed \"fast-acting\" edible compounds, which may address many of the issues associated with edible use related to overdose and dose management. The study hypotheses were that fast-acting edibles would reach peak concentration significantly faster than standard edibles and placebo edibles.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty participants completed three arms within-subjects designed study to test hypotheses. The three arms were ingestion of a (1) fast-acting edible, (2) a standard edible, and (3) a Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) terpene-derived placebo edible that was indistinguishable from the two THC-containing edibles. Blood plasma was analyzed for the presence of THC and THC analytes. The pharmacokinetic parameters tested were time to max concentration (Tmax), maximum concentration (Cmax), terminal half-life (t_1/2), and area under the curve (AUC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results supported study hypotheses in that Tmax was significantly faster for the fast-acting edible, observed 30 min post-ingestion and, on average, 30 min earlier than the Tmax for the standard edible. There were no significant differences between the fast-acting and standard edibles on Cmax, t_1/2, and AUC; however, both the fast-acting and standard edibles were significantly different compared with the placebo across all pharmacokinetic parameters.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The results indicate that the microencapsulation technology used to create the fast-acting edible enabled analyte concentrations to peak significantly faster compared to the standard and placebo edibles.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"25785125261441366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147644243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabis Products and Contaminant Detection: Critical Review of Regulatory Oversight and Analytical Methodologies.","authors":"Danna Valeria Rosas Pinto, Hui Li, Mingjing Sun","doi":"10.1177/25785125261439008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25785125261439008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cannabis legalization and consumption in the United States have accelerated over the past decade, resulting in a rapidly diversifying marketplace of medical and adult-use products. As of 2025, medical cannabis is permitted in 47 states, while adult-use markets are authorized in 24 states and the District of Columbia. This expansion underscores the urgent need for robust and consistent safety testing to ensure consumer protection. Despite federal prohibition, states have independently developed their own regulatory frameworks for contaminant testing, leading to wide variability in allowable limits, analyte lists, and method validation requirements.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This review critically compares contaminant regulations across U.S. adult-use jurisdictions and evaluates analytical methodologies published between 2020 and 2025 for four major hazard categories: heavy metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, and residual solvents. Emphasis is placed on sample preparation strategies, analytical instrumentation, and method performance parameters relevant to complex cannabis matrices such as flower, concentrates, and infused products.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sample preparation approaches are tailored to matrix complexity and frequently utilize Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) extraction followed by dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE). Cartridge SPE is commonly applied for enhanced cleanup, and immunoaffinity columns is used for selective isolation of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A. Instrumental analysis typically relies on Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for trace metals, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) for pesticide and mycotoxin detection, and headspace GC with flame ionization detection or GC-MS for residual solvent quantification.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Although current methodologies provide sensitive and reliable detection, inconsistencies in regulatory oversight across jurisdictions limit data comparability and complicate interstate commerce. Establishing harmonized performance criteria, standardized reporting units, and national proficiency testing programs would improve method reliability and consumer confidence. Continued innovation in sample preparation and validated multi-residue methods will be critical as product diversity and testing demands continue to expand.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"25785125261439008"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147638017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining Cannabis Use Disorder in Administrative Health Data: A Systematic Review of Case Definitions and Validation Approaches.","authors":"Anees Bahji, Mohammad Idris Alemi, Geoffrey Messier, Scott Patten","doi":"10.1177/25785125261437621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25785125261437621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Reliable case definitions (CDs) for cannabis use disorder (CUD) are essential for epidemiologic surveillance, health services research, and policy evaluation. As reliance on health administrative data increases, variation in diagnostic coding practices and limited validation of CDs may undermine the comparability and accuracy of CUD estimates. This systematic review aimed to identify, describe, and critically appraise how CUD has been operationalized within administrative health data sources, with particular attention to coding strategies and validation practices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and related databases for studies using <i>International Classification of Diseases</i> (ICD) codes to define CUD in administrative health data. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data on CD components and validation methods, and assessed methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 56 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most relied on ICD-9 or ICD-10 diagnostic codes to identify CUD, typically using a one-or-more-code rule, although operational details varied by jurisdiction, coding framework, and observation window. No included study explicitly reported internal or external validation of its CD. Reported prevalence estimates ranged widely, from 0.06% in large administrative cohorts to 76.9% in highly selected clinical populations, reflecting differences in CD construction and study populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CDs for CUD in administrative data vary substantially and lack empirical validation, limiting their reliability for surveillance and comparative research. The development and validation of standardized, transparent CDs are needed to strengthen cannabis epidemiology and to support reproducible research, health-system planning, and policy decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"25785125261437621"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147627406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and Tolerability of Low-Dose Full-Spectrum Cannabidiol in Long-Term Virally Suppressed Adults with HIV: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial.","authors":"Clémence Couton, Mathilde Wanneveich, Barbara De Dieuleveult, Chloé Robin, Kossi Ayena, Alicia Harry, Hélène Klein, Véronique Avettand-Fenoel, Laurent Hocqueloux, Lucile Mollet, Thierry Prazuck","doi":"10.1177/25785125261439014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25785125261439014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>People with long-term virologically suppressed HIV (PWH) experience chronic inflammation. Beneficial effects such as lower levels of inflammation were reported for cannabis-based medicine, but data on the safety of standardized low-dose full-spectrum cannabidiol (CBD) are limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial (NCT05306249) included 80 ART-treated PWH with undetectable viremia (median time on efficient ART 14 years, median age 54 years), encompassing 30% women. Participants received 1 mg/kg CBD oil twice daily (full-spectrum, tetrahydrocannabinol < 0.3%) or placebo for 12 weeks plus a 4-week follow-up. Primary trial end-point (autophagy gene expression) will be described elsewhere; here we evaluate the treatment impact on prespecified safety outcomes such as hemodynamic with electrocardiograms, HIV immunovirological parameters, and comprehensive assessments of liver and kidney functions, performed using standard blood tests. Mixed-effects models adjusted for baseline age, sex, body mass index, CD4 count and duration of viral suppression assessed longitudinal changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 80 randomized participants, 35 PWH in CBD and 37 in placebo groups completed week 12. No clinically meaningful differences emerged in creatinine, aminotransferases (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase), or conjugated bilirubin. Total bilirubin decreased in the CBD arm vs placebo (mixed effect model considering time, group and time*group, adjusted for covariates, <i>p</i> = 0.046). In exploratory sex-stratified analysis, a significant difference starting at week 12 (-8.0 bpm [95% CI: -15.6; -0.4], <i>p</i> = 0.0425) and persisting at week 16 (-7.9 bpm [95% CI: -14.6; -1.3], <i>p</i> = 0.0191) evidences a lower heart rate in men belonging to the CBD group compared with the placebo group; no change in females. There was no change in plasma viral load, cell-associated HIV-DNA levels, and CD4/CD8 ratio.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Low-dose full-spectrum GMP-certified CBD was well tolerated over 12 weeks in virally suppressed people with HIV. Observed reductions in total bilirubin and male heart rate are exploratory and warrant confirmation in adequately powered trials incorporating inflammatory biomarkers and pharmacokinetics.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"25785125261439014"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147618276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessments of Evoked and Spontaneous Pain Following Administration of Gabapentin and the Cannabinoid CB₂ Agonist LY2828360 in a Rat Model of Spared Nerve Injury.","authors":"Kelsey G Guenther, Jonathon D Crystal, Andrea G Hohmann","doi":"10.1177/25785125261439016","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25785125261439016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cannabinoid CB₂ agonists reduce stimulus-evoked behavioral hypersensitivities in preclinical pain models, but their ability to modulate spontaneous pain remains largely unexplored. Spontaneous pain has been assessed in rodents using a conditioned place preference (CPP) approach, given that the relief of pain is described as rewarding and results in the removal of an aversive pain state. LY2828360 is a CB₂ agonist that failed in a clinical trial for osteoarthritis pain.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We compared the impact of LY2828360 on evoked and spontaneous pain in a spared nerve injury (SNI) model using a within-subjects design in rats. First, we used an unbiased CPP approach to verify that an analgesic dose of gabapentin (GBP) (100 mg/kg, i.p.) produces CPP in rats with SNI, but not in sham-operated rats (Experiment 1). We then used a within-subjects design to ascertain whether LY2828360 (10 mg/kg i.p., chronic) would suppress both evoked and spontaneous pain in rats with SNI (Experiment 2). To assess spontaneous/affective pain behavior, we tested the ability of chronic dosing with LY2828360, in comparison to vehicle, to prevent GBP-induced CPP in the SNI model, as failure to develop CPP to GBP following treatment with an analgesic has been considered evidence of suppression of spontaneous pain. To assess evoked pain behavior, paw withdrawal thresholds were measured in the same rats used for CPP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GBP produced CPP in rats with SNI, but not sham surgery, and suppressed SNI-induced mechanical hypersensitivity in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, LY2828360 reliably suppressed mechanical hypersensitivity in the paw <i>ipsilateral</i>, but not <i>contralateral</i> to SNI. Furthermore, efficacy was sustained across repeated injections without development of tolerance. The same rats that showed suppression of mechanically-evoked responses following chronic LY282860 treatment did not develop CPP to GBP. However, rats with SNI that were tested in parallel and treated chronically with vehicle showed robust mechanical hypersensitivity but also did not develop CPP to GBP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These studies document that CB₂ agonist-induced suppression of mechanically-evoked pain is highly robust and reproducible in the SNI model, whereas CPP, used to assess spontaneous pain, is vulnerable to disruption and requires rigorous controls to rule out alternative explanations (e.g., failure to learn).</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"25785125261439016"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13151716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147618264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-Related Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids on Brain and Behavior.","authors":"Conor H Murray, Joshua Cassarino, Ziva D Cooper","doi":"10.1177/25785125251372061","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25785125251372061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The effect of cannabis use on health is likely to depend on individual differences. In particular, there is a growing need to understand the impact of cannabis and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on brain and behavioral health across the lifespan.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a narrative review summarizing the effects of cannabis and THC across three stages of life: <i>in utero</i>, adolescence, and late adulthood. We also provide an up-to-date report on past 30-day cannabis use and risk perceptions from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH; 2002-2023) during pregnancy, adolescence, and late adulthood. We note that NSDUH data collected during 2020 and since 2021 are not directly comparable to earlier years due to shifts in data collection methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Recent epidemiological data indicate a potential reversal of both the escalating rates of cannabis use and low perceptions of risk among pregnant women and adolescents. Findings across preclinical and clinical studies support high perceptions of risk for individuals <i>in utero</i> and adolescence, when alterations in brain development indicate potential for susceptibility to neuropsychiatric disorders. The escalating rates of cannabis use and associated low perceptions of risk have shifted to the late adulthood population, which may face unique health risks associated with cannabis use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings emphasize the necessity for clinical and policy recommendations to mitigate the risks associated with cannabis use and to enhance public understanding of its implications on neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Continued research and educational strategies are essential to address these evolving trends and reduce harm.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"99-113"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144944212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A National Survey of Marijuana Use Among U.S. Adults According to Obesity Status, 2016-2022.","authors":"Ray M Merrill","doi":"10.1089/can.2024.0069","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2024.0069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Research has linked marijuana use with lower body mass index (BMI). The current study explores the correlation between marijuana use on BMI in the general U.S.</p><p><strong>Population: </strong>It reports the prevalence of marijuana in adults in relation to BMI, overall and across the levels of important variables.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study used a probability sample of U.S. adults 18 years of age and older from the 2016 through 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a telephone-administered survey. The survey collects data from a representative sample regarding health-related risk behaviors, chronic health conditions, and use of preventive services. The primary outcome variables are current (at least once in the last 30 days) and daily (at least 20 of the last 30 days) marijuana use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study sample consists of 735,921 participants in the surveys that completed the optional module on marijuana use. Prevalence of marijuana use in adults doubled during the study period (7.48% to 14.91%). The increase directly corresponds with a shift toward legalization of medical and recreational marijuana. On average, the prevalence of use is 9% higher when medical marijuana is legal and 81% higher when recreational marijuana is legal (vs. not legal). For obese individuals, prevalence of current marijuana use is 35% lower than for nonobese individuals on average. Lower prevalence of marijuana use in obese individuals is consistently observed across the levels of certain demographic variables, employment status, tobacco smoking history, marijuana legalization status, and certain medical conditions (asthma, arthritis, and depression). In 2022, the adjusted odds of current or daily marijuana use are significantly lower and similar among obese (vs. non-obese) (0.68, 0.69, respectively), such that reduced obesity does not require daily use. Similarly, the adjusted odds of current marijuana use decrease in similar fashion to daily marijuana use with higher BMI weight classification.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Marijuana use is correlated with lower BMI. As legalization and prevalence of the drug in the U.S. increases, the prevalence of obesity may decline. However, clinicians should view this outcome along with the known health risks associated with marijuana use.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"160-169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142003684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Cannabis for the Treatment of Peripheral Neuropathy due to Diabetes: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Justin J Sherman, Daniel M Riche","doi":"10.1177/25785125261425444","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25785125261425444","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This systematic review evaluated randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted specifically in participants with diabetes and painful peripheral neuropathy to assess the effectiveness and safety of medical cannabis, isolated cannabinoids, or nationally approved cannabis-based medicines as adjuvant treatment, compared with placebo or baseline.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Controlled clinical studies and RCTs in adults with diabetic peripheral neuropathy were eligible. Animal and <i>in vitro</i> studies were excluded. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Scopus and screened 15,377 records; 35 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 4 RCTs were included in the qualitative synthesis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three of four studies reported statistically significant reductions in neuropathic pain with cannabinoid-based interventions compared with placebo, whereas one trial did not demonstrate superiority. In two trials using vaporized or sublingual Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), doses in the range of approximately 16-18 mg were associated with clinically meaningful pain relief in participants. Adverse effects, including dizziness and cognitive symptoms, were common but generally mild-to-moderate, and discontinuations due to adverse effects varied across studies.</p><p><strong>Discussion/conclusion: </strong>Evidence from four small, heterogeneous RCTs suggests that cannabinoid-based therapies may reduce pain in some patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy; however, the limited number of studies, variability in formulations and comparators, and risk of bias preclude firm conclusions regarding efficacy. Observed THC doses around 16-18 mg/day delivered via vaporized or sublingual routes should be viewed as preliminary, hypothesis-generating ranges rather than definitive recommendations. Larger, contemporary RCTs with rigorous risk-of-bias control, standardized outcomes, and detailed safety reporting are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"114-124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146225703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polysubstance Use Disorders in Individuals with Cannabis Use Disorder: Results from a Nationally Representative Sample (National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions).","authors":"Linas Wilkialis, Soyeon Kim, Ahmed Nabeel Hassan, Bernard Le Foll","doi":"10.1177/25785125251363122","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25785125251363122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is one of the most common substance use disorders (SUDs) worldwide and is frequently associated with high rates of polysubstance use; however, despite rising rates of polysubstance use disorders (PUD), the characteristics of individuals with both CUD and PUD remain unclear. This study, therefore, aims to examine social and clinical characteristics of adults diagnosed with CUD and comorbid PUD. It also aims to assess whether psychiatric disorders are linked to higher odds of PUD among individuals with CUD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a nationally representative U.S. dataset, we assessed 972 individuals with past-year DSM-5 CUD, grouped as CUD only, CUD individuals with one additional SUD (CUD + 1), and CUD individuals with two or more SUDs (CUD + 2). Descriptive statistics summarized social and clinical presentations; multivariate logistic regression examined factors contributing to PUD, controlling for clinical diagnoses and childhood maltreatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among CUD individuals, 89.3% (<i>n</i> = 868) used at least one other substance in the past year, with 34.2% (<i>n</i> = 332) using two or more. Both the CUD + 1 and CUD + 2 groups experienced significantly more severe childhood maltreatment than CUD only. After adjusting for controls, personality disorders were associated with membership in the CUD + 1 group (odds ratio [OR]: 1.88, <i>p</i> = 0.01); mood disorders were associated with a higher likelihood of being in the CUD + 1 group (OR: 1.50, <i>p</i> = 0.049) and CUD + 2 group (OR: 2.58, <i>p</i> = 0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mood and personality disorders were highly prevalent and linked with PUD in CUD cases. We recommend screening for these disorders in complex CUD cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"170-179"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144854654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}