Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Cannabinoid-Based Interventions for Low Back Pain and Migraine: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Claudete da Costa-Oliveira, Magnólia de Jesus Castro, Luiza Aparecida Luna Silvério, Maria Fernanda Barros de Oliveira Brandão, Ygor Jessé Ramos, Priscila Gava Mazzola","doi":"10.1177/25785125261490003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25785125261490003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Low back pain, migraine, and other headache disorders are major contributors to disability, and interest in cannabinoid-based interventions has increased despite uncertainty regarding their indication-specific therapeutic value. This systematic review evaluated the efficacy and safety of isolated cannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoids, vaporized <i>Cannabis</i> products, and standardized <i>Cannabis</i> extracts for low back pain, migraine, and medication-overuse headache.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Electronic databases, trial registries, and supplementary sources were searched for double-blind randomized clinical trials in adults. Eligible studies were assessed using Risk of Bias 2, synthesized narratively according to synthesis without meta-analysis guidance, and rated for certainty using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (PROSPERO registration: 582772).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five randomized controlled trials involving 1,072 participants met the inclusion criteria. In acute low back pain, a single 400-mg oral dose of isolated cannabidiol was not superior to placebo. In acute migraine, vaporized tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) plus cannabidiol (CBD) improved 2-h pain relief, pain freedom, and freedom from the most bothersome symptom, with sustained benefits observed for selected outcomes through 24-48 h, compared with placebo, whereas a CBD-dominant formulation showed no clear benefit. In medication-overuse headache and chronic musculoskeletal pain, nabilone showed favorable but very uncertain signals for pain-related outcomes and analgesic consumption. In chronic low back pain, a phase III trial showed that the standardized full-spectrum <i>Cannabis</i> extract VER-01 improved pain intensity, disability, sleep quality, and patient-reported outcomes compared with placebo. THC-containing inhaled formulations were associated with more psychoactive adverse effects and possible functional unblinding.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Current randomized evidence does not support a class-wide effect of cannabinoid-based therapies for low back pain or headache disorders. Efficacy appears to depend on indication, formulation, route of administration, and cannabinoid composition. Moderate-certainty evidence supports vaporized THC + CBD for acute migraine outcomes, including 2-h efficacy and sustained response for selected outcomes through 24-48 h and VER-01 for chronic low back pain; evidence for single-dose oral cannabidiol and nabilone remains very uncertain. Larger independently replicated trials using analytically standardized formulations, harmonized outcomes, active-placebo strategies when THC is present, and additional studies evaluating repeated use across multiple migraine attacks and longer-term safety are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"25785125261490003"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149023876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THC Labeling Discrepancies Across Cannabis Flower Product Subtypes in a State-Legal Market.","authors":"Tylor M Savage, Marco Ortiz Torres, Jonathon K Lisano, Carillon J Skrzynski, L Cinnamon Bidwell, Duncan I Mackie","doi":"10.1177/25785125261489482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25785125261489482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>High-concentration delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) products, with limited research, are becoming accessible in a rapidly expanding cannabis market. There is concern about poor labeling accuracy for THC in recreationally available cannabis, which could impact public health and consumer safety. However, coarse and fine-grained data representative of the scope of legal-market cannabis products have not been reported. This project aimed to investigate THC labeling discrepancies in recreational cannabis flower products and extend examinations to the accuracy of representative cannabis flower subtypes commonly available in a state-legal market.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Products were purchased between November 2022 and March 2025 from 59 licensed dispensaries across Colorado and analyzed for discrepancies in labeled versus observed THC concentration (%). Cannabis flower products (<i>N</i> = 265) were included and further divided into pre-pack (<i>n</i> = 76), pre-roll (<i>n</i> = 27), re-pack (<i>n</i> = 55), and deli (<i>n</i> = 107) subtypes. Based on regulatory guidelines, product accuracy was determined by evaluating whether observed THC concentration (%) was within ± 15% of labeled THC concentration (%), and was further evaluated by product subtype.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Half (51.7%) of the flower products sampled were accurately labeled. Labeling accuracy (<i>χ</i>²(6) = 15.15, <i>p</i> = 0.02) and the percent deviation from labeled THC concentration (%) (H = 14.3, <i>p</i> < 0.001) depended on product subtype. <i>Post hoc</i> comparisons for product accuracy indicated that pre-roll products were more likely to be over-labeled (59.3%), and re-pack products had the greatest proportions of mislabeled products that were over-labeled (96.0%). Furthermore, <i>post hoc</i> comparisons indicated that pre-roll products had the greatest deviation from labeled THC concentration (19.6%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Consistent with previous findings, recreational flower products were inaccurately labeled for THC. While all flower product subtypes demonstrated low labeling accuracy, it was observed that products subject to greater handling by dispensaries (i.e., pre-roll and re-pack) were more prone to THC over-labeling inaccuracies. Future research should explore how these findings impact consumer trust, consumption, and purchasing habits.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"25785125261489482"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148988090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabis Social Equity Programs and Their Unintended Consequences.","authors":"Bryce A Hill, Pooja R Sarkar, Kevin P Hill","doi":"10.1177/25785125261490626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25785125261490626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cannabis social equity programs have been implemented in many U.S. jurisdictions to address disparities associated with cannabis prohibition and expand participation in the legal cannabis market. While these initiatives reflect important policy goals, their implementation intersects with emerging public health concerns. Legal cannabis markets have expanded availability and access to high-potency cannabis products, and studies in several jurisdictions have reported increases in frequent cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD) following legalization. Social equity frameworks often designate economically underdeveloped neighborhoods for increased licensing opportunities. These neighborhoods are also often disproportionately affected by cannabis-related law enforcement, which may result in higher concentrations of cannabis retailers in communities already experiencing structural disadvantage and limited behavioral health infrastructure. Increased exposure to high-potency cannabis products in settings with limited access to addiction and psychiatric services may contribute to elevated risks of undertreated CUD and psychiatric symptoms. Clinicians serving patient populations in these jurisdictions are well positioned to screen and counsel patients at-risk for CUD, as well as to advocate for policy changes that protect the public health of the communities affected by social equity frameworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"25785125261490626"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148987926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Health Care Experiences Shape Marijuana Use Motivations and Perceptions Among U.S. Adults.","authors":"Lea Sacca, Maria Mejia, Sonakshi Dixit, Yael Shabtay, Bailey Bone","doi":"10.1177/25785125261490171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25785125261490171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cannabis use among U.S. adults has increased substantially alongside expanding legalization and shifting public perceptions regarding its risks and benefits. While prior studies have examined sociodemographic patterns of cannabis use, limited research has explored how health care experiences, including trust in the health care system, satisfaction with care, and patient-provider communication, influence motivations for marijuana use and perceptions of its effects.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine associations between health care experiences and marijuana use motivations and perceptions among U.S. adults using nationally representative survey data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 2024 National Cancer Institute Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 7), including 6,665 U.S. adults after exclusion of incomplete responses. Dependent variables included marijuana use category, reason for use (medical, recreational, both medical and recreational), and perceived effects (harmful, both harmful and beneficial, neither harmful nor beneficial, beneficial, or uncertain). Independent variables included perceived quality of care, opportunities for patient-provider communication, physician openness to health information, and trust in the health care system. Multinomial logistic regression assessed associations while controlling for age, race/ethnicity, education, and income. Statistical significance was set at <i>p</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Marijuana use patterns varied across sociodemographic groups, with adults aged 50-74 years representing the largest proportion of users across most consumption categories and reporting the highest levels of medical (18.39%) and combined medical/recreational use (20.33%). Lower perceived quality of care was significantly associated with greater likelihood of marijuana use for medical reasons (RRR = 1.91, <i>p</i> = 0.046) and both medical and recreational reasons (RRR = 2.45, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Participants reporting fewer opportunities to ask health care questions were more likely to report medical use (RRR = 1.80, <i>p</i> = 0.034) and combined medical/recreational use (RRR = 2.04, <i>p</i> = 0.003). Lower trust in the health care system was consistently associated with increased likelihood of medical and combined marijuana use and reduced likelihood of perceiving marijuana as harmful (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Health care experiences, including trust, perceived quality of care, and patient-provider communication, are significantly associated with marijuana use motivations and perceptions among U.S. adults. Strengthening patient-centered communication and fostering trust within health care settings may support more informed, evidence-based decision-making regarding marijuana use.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"25785125261490171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148987951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Miniaturized Sample Preparation and Analytical Strategies for Cannabis and Cannabinoid Analysis.","authors":"Janis Vella Szijj, Nicolette Sammut Bartolo","doi":"10.1177/25785125261481020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25785125261481020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Global expansion of medicinal and recreational cannabis markets has created an increasingly diverse range of products, intensifying demand for analytical methodologies that are accurate, high-throughput, environmentally sustainable, and adaptable to complex matrices. Cannabis poses unique analytical challenges owing to its chemically diverse phytochemical composition, thermolabile acidic cannabinoids, low-abundance minor constituents, and stringent regulatory requirements for potency determination and contaminant screening. Conventional extraction protocols often struggle to satisfy these evolving technical and operational needs, driving a transition toward miniaturized sample-preparation strategies integrated with advanced chromatographic platforms.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This narrative review evaluates contemporary miniaturized extraction techniques for cannabis and cannabinoid analysis and their coupling with modern analytical instrumentation, focusing on analytical performance, matrix applicability, sustainability, automation potential, and regulatory relevance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty peer-reviewed studies published up to December 2025 were identified. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME), microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS), dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, fabric-phase sorptive extraction (FPSE), modified Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS), and emerging sorbent-based approaches were identified as solutions to major analytical challenges, including preservation of acidic cannabinoids, lipid-rich matrices, trace-level detection, and high-throughput laboratory demands. MEPS and micro-solid-phase extraction (µSPE) showed suitability for biological fluids due to their enrichment capacity and automation compatibility, while SPME including headspace remained dominant for terpene and volatile profiling. When coupled to liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) or ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS), miniaturized workflows achieved limits of detection comparable to or superior to conventional protocols and aligned closely with green sample preparation principles. Challenges included fiber durability, sorbent selectivity, microscale reproducibility, and the absence of harmonized regulatory standards.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Miniaturized extraction integrated with advanced chromatographic platforms represents a major advance in cannabis analytics, enabling greener, faster, and regulatory-fit workflows. Techniques such as MEPS, µSPE, and modified QuEChERS appear particularly suitable for routine implementation. Broader validation across product classes and formal standardization within pharmacopeial and ISO frameworks are required to ensure widespread adoption and regulatory acceptance.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"25785125261481020"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148788604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Corrigendum to</i> \"Stress Responsivity of Endocannabinoids and Related Biomolecules in Plasma and Saliva\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/25785125261481889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25785125261481889","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"25785125261481889"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148788559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability of Cannabinoids in Cannabis: Plant Material, Extracts, Oil Formulations, and Isolates (CBD and Δ⁹-THC) Under Different Storage Conditions.","authors":"Chandrani G Majumdar, Mohamed M Radwan, Suman Chandra, Amira S Wanas, Mostafa A Elhendawy, Elsayed A Ibrahim, Mona M Geweda, Hemant Lata, Mahmoud A ElSohly","doi":"10.1177/25785125261478275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25785125261478275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The chemical stability of cannabinoids in <i>Cannabis sativa</i> plant material and formulated products is a critical factor for quality control, therapeutic efficacy, and regulatory compliance. Cannabinoids such as THC are prone to degradation over time, which is heavily influenced by storage conditions and the product matrix. Despite its importance, comprehensive long-term stability data comparing different plant chemovars (high THC, high cannabidiol [CBD], and intermediate) alongside processed products like extracts and isolates remains limited. This study aims to evaluate the stability of cannabinoids in plant material, extracts, oil formulations, and isolates (CBD and <math><msup><mrow><mi>Δ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>9</mn></mrow></msup></math>-THC) under distinct environmental temperatures to optimize storage guidelines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cannabis plant material representing three distinct chemovars-high THC, high CBD, and intermediate (balanced THC/CBD), extracts, pure isolates (THC and CBD) and CBD extract as oil formulation were subjected to extended stability testing over a prolonged period under three controlled temperature environments: room temperature, refrigeration, and freezing. Quantitative analysis of cannabinoid content was performed at regular intervals using gas chromatography (GC/FID) to track degradation and potency over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The stability profiles varied depending on the cannabinoid profile, temperature, and matrix type. For the majority of cannabis-derived products, exposure to room temperature accelerated the degradation of THC into cannabinol (CBN), whereas storage at -20°C preserved cannabinoid integrity over the extended timeline. Notably, a distinct divergence was observed between the compounds: CBD-only products demonstrated robust long-term stability even when maintained at room temperature. Conversely, THC-rich matrices were highly susceptible to ambient degradation but exhibited the highest stability when formulated as ethanolic solutions and stored in the freezer (-20°C).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To maximize cannabinoid shelf-life and prevent degradation, storage temperatures must match product composition. While CBD-dominant products can tolerate room-temperature storage, THC-rich products require cold chain management, ideally stored in a freezer at -20°C for optimal long-term potency.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"25785125261478275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148705478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Letter:</i> The Difficulty in Validating Cannabis Anticancer Claims.","authors":"Dylan Zylla, Jordan Cowger, Grace Gilmore, Sam Menge, Ella Kodl","doi":"10.1177/25785125261477067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25785125261477067","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"25785125261477067"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148673063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Internal Validation of a Clinical Prediction Tool for Cannabis Dosage Requirements in Chronic Low Back Pain: The Cannabis Dosage Risk Score.","authors":"Muhammad Khatib, Hamza Murad, Dror Robinson, Eitan Lavon, Feras Qawasmi, Mustafa Yassin","doi":"10.1177/25785125261475334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25785125261475334","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Medical cannabis dosage for chronic low back pain (LBP) varies substantially between patients, yet clinicians lack validated tools to predict individual dosage requirements. We developed and internally validated the Cannabis Dosage Risk Score (CDRS), a practical bedside prognostic tool to identify patients likely to require high-dose (≥60 g/month) cannabis therapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We conducted a retrospective Target Trial Emulation analysis of a prospectively followed cohort of 225 patients with chronic LBP who consented to research participation and completed baseline assessments between January 1 and May 31, 2020, at an Israeli pain clinic. Patients were categorized by stabilized 5-year cannabis dosage as low dose (&lt;40 g/month, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 121), medium dose (40-59 g/month, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 41), or high dose (≥60 g/month, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 63). Primary analysis compared low-dose versus high-dose groups (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 184); medium-dose patients were analyzed separately. Multivariable logistic regression identified independent predictors, which were converted to a weighted point-based scoring system. Model performance was assessed using bootstrap-validated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC), Hosmer-Lemeshow calibration, and decision curve analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The final CDRS incorporates 4 baseline clinical variables: disability status (odds ratio [OR] 5.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.42-10.76), absence of baseline opioid use (OR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.06-5.26; equivalently, opioid-use OR: 0.42, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.035), lower Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Sleep T-score (OR: 0.95 per point, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98), and lower Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) combined score (OR: 0.92 per point, 95% CI: 0.86-0.98). With an events-per-variable ratio of 15.8 and variance inflation factors &lt;1.3, the model achieved AUC-ROC of 0.80 (optimism-corrected 0.78) with adequate calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.24). Ordinal logistic regression confirmed predictor validity across all three dose categories. Decision curve analysis demonstrated net clinical benefit across threshold probabilities of 10-70%. Risk stratification yielded: low risk (0-3 points, 17.2% high-dose rate), moderate risk (4-7 points, 24.7% high-dose rate), and high risk (≥8 points, 76.7% high-dose rate). At 5-year follow-up, all dose groups showed significant pain reduction (Brief Pain Inventory severity Δ: low -4.9, medium -4.7, high -6.2; analysis of variance &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0005); high-dose patients had the greatest improvement, refuting the hypothesis of dose escalation by nonresponders. Among patients using baseline opioids, 93.1% (135/145) achieved opioid cessation at 5 years.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The CDRS provides a practical, internally validated four-item bedside tool for predicting cannabis dosage requirements among patients with chro","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"25785125261475334"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148672981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Exogenous Cannabinoids in Pre-Clinical Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Shijia Wang, Xiaocong Lin, Fanglian Liao, Yifeng Liang, Cailuan Wang, Liming Gan","doi":"10.1177/25785125261428842","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25785125261428842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exogenous cannabinoids are considered promising therapeutic candidates for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, robust pre-clinical evidence supporting its efficacy remains limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of exogenous cannabinoids in animal models of IBD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Controlled experimental studies involving animal models of IBD that evaluated the effects of exogenous cannabinoids compared to untreated models were included. Four databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library) were searched up to August 26, 2025. Two independent reviewers conducted study selection, data extraction, and the risk-of-bias assessment. The risk-of-bias assessment was performed using the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation tool. Meta-analyses were performed using standardized mean differences (SMDs) and random-effects models. The study was registered in INPLASY (INPLASY202540009).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-seven pre-clinical studies involving 408 animals were included. Compared with controls, exogenous cannabinoids significantly reduced disease activity index (SMD = -3.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -4.98 to -1.89; <i>I</i>² <i>=</i> 83%) and histopathological score (SMD = -4.46; 95% CI: -6.37 to -2.54; <i>I</i>² <i>=</i> 84%). It also decreased levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. However, substantial heterogeneity was noted across several outcomes.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Exogenous cannabinoids show beneficial effects in pre-clinical IBD models, likely through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and barrier-enhancing mechanisms. These findings provide a supportive foundation for future translational research. Nevertheless, the overall certainty of the evidence is limited by unclear randomization, lack of blinding, high heterogeneity, and small sample sizes. Although some clinical trials have already begun exploring its therapeutic potential, further rigorous and standardized animal studies are needed to clarify mechanisms, optimize dosing, and reinforce the translational pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"297-313"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147389363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}