Justin Matheson, Dominique Tertigas, Saima Malik, Valerie Taylor, Sofia Chavez, Keith A Sharkey, Cristoforo Silvestri, Michael Surette, Bernard Le Foll
{"title":"Feasibility and Tolerability of Nabilone for the Treatment of Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial.","authors":"Justin Matheson, Dominique Tertigas, Saima Malik, Valerie Taylor, Sofia Chavez, Keith A Sharkey, Cristoforo Silvestri, Michael Surette, Bernard Le Foll","doi":"10.1089/can.2025.0034","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2025.0034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> In epidemiological studies, people who use cannabis have a lower prevalence of obesity. Furthermore, the endocannabinoid system is recognized as a potential target for obesity treatment and partial agonism of the cannabinoid type-1 (CB<sub>1</sub>) receptor may reduce body weight. We thus hypothesized that 12 weeks of pharmacotherapy with the partial CB<sub>1</sub> receptor agonist nabilone would reduce body weight, relative to placebo, in adults with obesity. <b>Methods:</b> We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial that investigated the feasibility, tolerability, and efficacy of 12 weeks of treatment with nabilone compared with placebo in adults with obesity. Otherwise healthy adults aged 25-45 years with obesity were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to one of three parallel treatment arms: high-dose nabilone (6 mg/day), low-dose nabilone (2 mg/day), or placebo. Safety and feasibility outcomes included adverse events (AEs), number of dropouts, and medication adherence per treatment arm. Efficacy outcomes included body weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference. Secondary outcomes included gut microbiome changes, blood biomarkers (e.g., glucose and insulin levels), and mood. <b>Results:</b> Overall, 18 participants were randomized and 15 participants received at least one dose of drug (4 high-dose arm, 5 low-dose arm, 6 placebo). The trial was terminated early due to poor tolerability of the medication (e.g., all four participants allocated to high-dose nabilone withdrew due to AEs). Only eight participants completed per protocol (four in the low-dose arm and four in the placebo arm). Using data from completers only (<i>n</i> = 8), we saw a significant treatment effect on body weight (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and BMI (<i>p</i> < 0.001) that appeared to be driven by greater decreases in the low-dose arm (<i>n</i> = 4) relative to placebo (<i>n</i> = 4). Based on the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity, the low-dose arm showed a greater change in the overall fecal microbiome composition compared with the placebo arm (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <b>Discussion:</b> This pilot trial found poor tolerability of nabilone pharmacotherapy (especially at 6 mg/day) for adults with obesity who had not used any cannabinoid drugs for 6 months prior to enrolment. Preliminary results suggest a possible impact of nabilone on the gut microbiome.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"640-651"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143954869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Margaret Haney, Tse-Hwei Choo, Amy Tiersten, Frances R Levin, Alex Grassetti, Natasha DeSilva, Caroline A Arout, Diana Martinez
{"title":"Oral Cannabis for Taxane-Induced Neuropathy: A Pilot Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study.","authors":"Margaret Haney, Tse-Hwei Choo, Amy Tiersten, Frances R Levin, Alex Grassetti, Natasha DeSilva, Caroline A Arout, Diana Martinez","doi":"10.1089/can.2025.0028","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2025.0028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy (TIPN) is experienced by most patients with breast cancer, and there is no efficacious treatment. In pre-clinical studies, co-administration of two constituents of cannabis, Δ<sup>9</sup>-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), synergistically reduces TIPN. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The goal of this 8-week, double-blind, randomized pilot study, conducted from 2019 to 2021, was to test the feasibility and tolerability of oral cannabis (100 mg CBD: 5 mg THC, TID) relative to placebo on pain resulting from TIPN. Participants with painful TIPN completed daily questionnaires online about their pain, sleep, and medication use, and weekly questionnaires on neuropathy. <b>Results:</b> All participants (12 women; 51 ± 6 years) randomized to placebo (<i>n</i> = 6) or active (<i>n</i> = 6) cannabis capsules completed the trial. Participants in both medication groups requested dose reductions (mean ± SEM capsules/day: placebo: 2.4 ± 0.4; active: 2.0 ± 0.4). In a preliminary evaluation of efficacy, measures of pain, pain interference, sleep, and functional well-being significantly improved over time (<i>p</i> < 0.03), but participants receiving cannabis had significantly higher ratings of neuropathy at each week (<i>p</i> < 0.035) and lower ratings of functional well-being in the last 3 weeks of treatment compared with participants receiving placebo (<i>p</i> < 0.02). Similarly, cannabis significantly worsened ratings of sleep and pain interference relative to placebo (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <b>Discussion:</b> This study demonstrates that: (1) double-blind, placebo-controlled testing of cannabis capsules in this dose range is feasible and well tolerated in women with TIPN and (2) ratings of pain, neuropathy, and well-being significantly improved over 8 weeks, but cannabis significantly worsened several endpoints relative to placebo. These findings highlight the necessity of placebo control when assessing the therapeutic utility of cannabis. Although there was no signal of efficacy herein, a fully powered study testing a range of cannabis doses for TIPN is warranted, given its impact on most patients with breast cancer, promising pre-clinical data, and the widespread use of cannabis among patients with cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"631-639"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144559251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"<i>Letter:</i> Nabilone for the Treatment of Obesity: Still Many Hurdles to Tackle.","authors":"Sebastiaan Dalle","doi":"10.1089/can.2025.0055","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2025.0055","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"652-654"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karolyne de Pieri Pickler, Ana Caroline Salvador de Farias, Guilherme Lodetti, Henrique Teza Bernardo, Samira Leila Baldin, Eduardo Ronconi Dondossola, Jaime Eduardo Hallak, José Alexandre Crippa, José Henrique Cararo, Josiane Budni, Eduardo Pacheco Rico
{"title":"Cannabidiol Pretreatment Reduces Status Epilepticus and Glutamate Uptake Induced by Kainic Acid in Adult Zebrafish.","authors":"Karolyne de Pieri Pickler, Ana Caroline Salvador de Farias, Guilherme Lodetti, Henrique Teza Bernardo, Samira Leila Baldin, Eduardo Ronconi Dondossola, Jaime Eduardo Hallak, José Alexandre Crippa, José Henrique Cararo, Josiane Budni, Eduardo Pacheco Rico","doi":"10.1089/can.2024.0189","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2024.0189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Epilepsy is a neurological chronic disorder that affects about 70 million people worldwide. <i>Status epilepticus</i> (SE) are neural disturbances that cause intense glutamatergic excitatory discharges that modulate changes in normal brain physiological activity. Cannabidiol (CBD) is the main nonpsychomimetic compound present in <i>Cannabis sativa</i> and exhibits a wide spectrum of neuroprotective properties. The use of zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) is regarded as an important alternative animal model for studies on seizures, as it has neuronal mechanisms similar to humans. <b>Objective:</b> This study aims to evaluate the effects of CBD on SE induced by kainic acid (KA) in zebrafish. <b>Methods:</b> Animals received CBD (5, 10, or 40 mg·L<sup>-1</sup> tank water) for 24 h followed by KA administration (5 mg/kg intraperitoneally). The convulsive pattern of alterations was then assessed. After 12 h, cerebral glutamate transport and oxidative stress were also verified. <b>Results:</b> CBD at 5 and 40 mg·L<sup>-1</sup> induced a significant decrease in the seizure intensity (26.1% and 29.9%) and an increase in the latency to reach SE (from 10.71 min to 17.5 and 25 min), respectively. In addition, CBD administration (40 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>) attenuated the decrease in cerebral glutamate transport following 12 h KA-induced seizure. The KA-induced seizure was also able to alter the oxidative stress parameters 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin, and catalase activity. However, CBD (40 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>) did not influence these markers. The present study indicates that CBD promotes a neuroprotective response against the epileptic profile in zebrafish. These findings contribute to the understanding of the influence of CBD on the modulation of excitatory/inhibitory disruption on zebrafish seizure.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"609-620"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wimonphan Chathiran, Laura Varatojo, Jaruwan Chimasangkanan, Worakrit Saiyasombat, Warangkana Srichamnong
{"title":"Effect of Heat Processing on Major Psychoactive Compounds and Total Phenolic Content in Psychotropic Plants: Cannabis (<i>Cannabis Sativa</i>) and Kratom (<i>Mitragyna Speciosa</i>) Leaves.","authors":"Wimonphan Chathiran, Laura Varatojo, Jaruwan Chimasangkanan, Worakrit Saiyasombat, Warangkana Srichamnong","doi":"10.1089/can.2024.0201","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2024.0201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Several countries have legalized cannabis (<i>Cannabis sativa</i>) and kratom (<i>Mitragyna speciosa</i>), increasing accessibility to these psychotropic plants for medicinal and recreational purposes. Cooking is a popular method to utilize cannabis and kratom at the household level. The aim of this research was to study the effect of cooking conditions on psychoactive compounds, namely cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) derivatives (△8, △9THC, and tetrahydrocannabinolic) in cannabis and mitragynine in kratom. <b>Methods:</b> Quantitative analysis of these substances was performed using LC/MS/MS. Cannabis and kratom were subjected to different cooking conditions based on popular cooking methods, including steaming, boiling, deep-frying, stir-frying, and products. <b>Results:</b> The results indicate that boiling and steaming retain the highest content of THC in cannabis. For mitragynine in kratom, there was a varied degree of mitragynine reduction by different cooking methods, which ranged from 20% to 50%. The total phenolic content of all treated samples was lower than the fresh samples. <b>Conclusion:</b> Various cooking methods and product formulation affect THC and CBD quantity, so it is important to assess the retention of those phytocannabinoids in the finished product. However, the adverse effects of THC are unlikely as they are present in low quantities.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"598-608"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beth A Reboussin, Shelby Lake, E Alfonso Romero-Sandoval, Jennifer Cornacchione Ross, Kathleen L Egan, Kimberly G Wagoner, Erin L Sutfin, Cynthia K Suerken, Olivia E Horton, Allison J Lazard
{"title":"A Thematic Text Analysis of Cannabis Edibles Brand Names.","authors":"Beth A Reboussin, Shelby Lake, E Alfonso Romero-Sandoval, Jennifer Cornacchione Ross, Kathleen L Egan, Kimberly G Wagoner, Erin L Sutfin, Cynthia K Suerken, Olivia E Horton, Allison J Lazard","doi":"10.1089/can.2025.0033","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2025.0033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> This study explores whether the cannabis edibles industry uses brand names that might impact consumer appeal and harm perceptions. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> An exploratory thematic text analysis of brand names for 1344 cannabis edible products from 250 brands advertised online between June and November 2022 was performed. Brands marketing only delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) products (<i>n</i> = 80), THC and cannabidiol (CBD) products (<i>n</i> = 130), and only CBD products (<i>n</i> = 40) were compared. <b>Results:</b> Five core themes emerged: cannabis culture (42% of brands, <i>n</i> = 106), product characteristics (30%, <i>n</i> = 76), medicine and health (23%, <i>n</i> = 58), environment and nature (20%, <i>n</i> = 51), and identity and culture (14%, <i>n</i> = 34), with 15 subthemes. Brands only marketing CBD products more often had names with medicine and health (45%, <i>n</i> = 18) themes with subthemes of health and wellness (30%, <i>n</i> = 12) and expected effects (18%, <i>n</i> = 7) in contrast to brands marketing THC products (18%, <i>n</i> = 14; 2%, <i>n</i> = 2; 11%, <i>n</i> = 9 THC-only; 20%, <i>n</i> = 26; 5%, <i>n</i> = 6; 13%, <i>n</i> = 17 THC and CBD). Brands marketing THC products more often had names with cannabis (12%, <i>n</i> = 10 THC-only; 18%, <i>n</i> = 23 THC and CBD; 8%, <i>n</i> = 3 CBD-only) and spiritual/mystical (9%, <i>n</i> = 7 THC-only; 9%, <i>n</i> = 12, THC and CBD; 0%, CBD-only) subthemes. Food type subthemes were also more common among brands marketing THC products (19%, <i>n</i> = 15 THC-only; 21%, <i>n</i> = 27 THC and CBD; 8%, <i>n</i> = 3 CBD-only). Unconventionality (6%, <i>n</i> = 5 THC-only; 2%, <i>n</i> = 2 THC and CBD; 0% CBD-only) and names and places (16%, <i>n</i> = 13 THC-only; 5%, <i>n</i> = 8 THC & CBD; 5%, <i>n</i> = 2 CBD-only) were subthemes more common among brands only marketing THC products. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study identified distinct cannabis edibles brand name marketing strategies for THC versus CBD products that may affect consumer appeal and perceptions of harm, underscoring the need to monitor and potentially regulate cannabis edibles marketing to ensure that it does not mislead consumers or downplay potential risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"593-597"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Matthew Reck, Taylor Reilly, S Olivia Vanegas, Natalie J Shook, Steven G Kinsey, Sharon G Casavant
{"title":"Risks of Cannabinoid Exposure on Birth Outcomes: A Systematic Review.","authors":"A Matthew Reck, Taylor Reilly, S Olivia Vanegas, Natalie J Shook, Steven G Kinsey, Sharon G Casavant","doi":"10.1089/can.2025.0027","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2025.0027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> With the changing legal landscape, the acceptance and availability of cannabis products have increased. Cannabis products are generally considered \"natural\" and relatively safe by consumers. However, growing empirical evidence from humans and other animals indicates that cannabis negatively affects human health. In contrast to the well-known teratogenic effects of alcohol and tobacco products, the safety of cannabis product use during pregnancy has not yet been established. The goal of this systematic review was to determine the patterns that exist in human and rodent literature on the effects of prenatal exposure to cannabis products and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on birth outcomes. <b>Methods:</b> A systematic review of rodent and human studies was conducted using PRISMA guidelines. Rodent search strategy used PubMed and Scopus with terms \"prenatal OR perinatal OR <i>in utero</i> OR maternal exposure AND cannabis OR THC or cannabinoids AND exposure NOT review NOT Human.\" Human search strategy used PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus with terms \"cannabinoids OR cannabis OR THC OR marijuana\" AND \"pregnancy OR pregnant OR prenatal AND \"infant outcome OR infant health.\" After deleting duplicates and studies that did not fit the inclusion criteria, 21 rodent and 36 human studies were selected for review. Rodent studies focused on birth weight, litter size, mortality, and gestation length. Human studies have focused on birth weight, gestational age, and infant health at delivery. <b>Results:</b> In both human and rodent studies, prenatal exposure to cannabis was significantly associated with lower birth weight; however, it was not significantly associated with gestational age in rodents or humans. In most rodent studies, prenatal exposure to cannabis did not affect mortality or litter size. In human studies, there was a tendency for infants exposed to cannabis during pregnancy to have worse health at delivery. Findings indicate that cannabis exposure <i>in utero</i> may be associated with worse birth outcomes; however, the results are mixed and vary by species and outcome. <b>Discussion:</b> Methodological differences and scant existing research may have contributed to this inconsistency. Given the legalization of cannabis product use for recreational and medicinal purposes is growing, additional research is necessary to determine its influence on fetal and infant health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"575-592"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marisa S Briones, Dustin Z DeYoung, Keith G Heinzerling
{"title":"Combination of Cannabidiol and Low-Dose Buprenorphine Suggests Synergistic Analgesia and Attenuates Buprenorphine-Induced Respiratory Depression.","authors":"Marisa S Briones, Dustin Z DeYoung, Keith G Heinzerling","doi":"10.1089/can.2025.0004","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2025.0004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> As opioid-related drug overdoses remain a public health crisis, there is a critical need for innovative approaches to developing safer analgesics with improved safety profiles. BDH-001 is a fixed-dose combination of low-dose buprenorphine (BUP) and cannabidiol (CBD) being developed as a safer analgesic than currently available opioids. The purpose of this study was to examine the analgesic and opioid-sparing effects of BDH-001 and to complete an <i>in vivo</i> safety assessment in rats. <b>Methods:</b> Analgesic effect of BDH-001 was assessed using the chronic constriction injury model of chronic neuropathic pain with pain threshold assessed <i>via</i> Von Frey testing. Drug-drug interaction effects on pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were assessed in a single dose PK study in rodents. The effects on respiratory depression were also assessed and confirmed in two separate rodent studies performing blood gas analysis and measuring O<sub>2</sub> saturation. <b>Results:</b> BDH-001 (combination of subanalgesic BUP dose and CBD) resulted in statistically significant increases in pain threshold compared to saline (<i>p</i> < 0.001), CBD alone (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and BUP alone (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The half-life of BUP was significantly shorter in the presence of CBD compared to BUP alone (<i>p</i> = 0.008), with no significant changes in any other BUP pharmacokinetic parameter assessed. CBD was found to attenuate BUP-induced respiratory depression in rats when assessing blood gases (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and O<sub>2</sub> saturation (<i>p</i> < 0.05) over several time bins. <b>Conclusions:</b> Data obtained in the present study indicate the addition of CBD to BUP was opioid-sparing and attenuated BUP- but not morphine-induced respiratory depression. There was no evidence these findings were the result of a PK interaction. Results support the hypothesis that BDH-001, a fixed-dose combination of BUP and CBD, may provide effective analgesia with a more favorable safety profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"621-630"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brian Kaskie, Fadi Martinos, Divya Bhagianadh, Kanika Arora, Alison Moore, Annie L Nguyen, Julie Bobitt
{"title":"Taking Care of Themselves: Cannabis Use Among Informal Care Partners of Older Adults.","authors":"Brian Kaskie, Fadi Martinos, Divya Bhagianadh, Kanika Arora, Alison Moore, Annie L Nguyen, Julie Bobitt","doi":"10.1177/25785125251380073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25785125251380073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Cannabis use among older persons has been increasing relative to younger populations, and persons over 50 years old are more likely to use cannabis for age-related therapeutic purposes. We suspected that spouses, adult children, and other older informal care partners (ICPs) of older adults are using cannabis as a form of self-care to address physical and/or mental health needs. <b>Objectives:</b> We described ICPs over 50 years old who used cannabis in the past year, contrasted them with those who did not, and determined if cannabis use was associated with health care service use. <b>Research Design and Methods:</b> We obtained 2019 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) public use files and linked base survey responses with caregiving and cannabis questions answered by 9,984 Californians aged 50 and over. We used survey data to measure background characteristics, health behaviors, physical health status, psychological status, caregiving characteristics, and cannabis use. We differentiated among older ICPs using logistic and multivariate regression models. <b>Results:</b> We identified a total of 2,802 (28.1%) CHIS respondents over 50 who provided care to an older adult. ICPs were more likely to have used cannabis in the past year compared with noncaregivers (odds ratio [OR] 1.4; confidence interval [CI]: 1.2, 1.7). When compared with those ICPs who did not use, we did not observe differences in self-reported physical distress but found cannabis users were more likely to report being diagnosed with asthma (OR 2.0; CI: 1.2, 3.2) and diabetes (OR 1.80; CI: 1.1, 3.0). ICPs who used cannabis also were more likely to report feeling nervous (OR 2.1; CI: 1.3, 3.8). ICPs who provided care to someone with Alzheimer's disease or a related dementia (ADRD) were more likely to use cannabis (OR 1.50; CI: 1.1, 2.0). <b>Discussion:</b> Nearly one out of every three older Californians including those who serve as ICPs used cannabis in the past year. We found older ICPs were more likely to use than non-ICPs, especially if they were providing care to someone with ADRD. Given the demand currently placed on spouses and adult children over 50 years old to assume care for an older adult in need, further research should determine if cannabis serves as a benefit or harm.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145136240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adrieli Oliveira Raminelli, João Luís Q Simei, Francisco S Guimarães, Antônio Zuardi, Jaime Eduardo C Hallak, José Alexandre Crippa, Flávia de Lima Osório
{"title":"Effects of Different Cannabinoid Formulations on Anxiety-Related Disorders, and Tourette Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Adrieli Oliveira Raminelli, João Luís Q Simei, Francisco S Guimarães, Antônio Zuardi, Jaime Eduardo C Hallak, José Alexandre Crippa, Flávia de Lima Osório","doi":"10.1177/25785125251378242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25785125251378242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Cannabinoid formulations have been increasingly proposed as therapeutic potential options for anxiety disorders (ADs). Several countries have expanded regulatory frameworks facilitating access to these compounds due to their alleged therapeutic benefits, including their application in ADs. Given its public health significance, we evaluated existing evidence regarding the efficacy of different medical cannabinoids as interventions for ADs and related mental conditions. <b>Methods:</b> A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Scielo, and Lilacs databases. We included randomized controlled trials (RTCs) assessing the effects of various cannabinoid formulations on patients with ADs and related conditions. Distinct meta-analyses were performed for cannabinoid subtypes. Analyses were conducted using Jamovi software, relying on standardized mean difference (SMD) calculations of pre/post-intervention score changes for both intervention and control groups. <b>Results:</b> We incorporated 21 placebo-controlled RCTs, examining cannabinoid interventions in social anxiety disorder (SAD = 5), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD = 1), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD = 7), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD = 1), and Tourette syndrome (TS = 7). Data extraction indicated considerable heterogeneity across outcomes, including clinical symptoms, neuroimaging findings, well-being, psychosocial functioning, safety, and tolerability. In studies utilizing pure or enriched CBD, the meta-analytic measure indicated a nonsignificant difference (SMD = -0.40; 95% CI: -0.84/0.03). However, a subgroup analysis of pure CBD compounds yielded a moderate, statistically significant effect size (SMD: -0.61, 95% CI: -1.15/-0.07). For studies investigating pure or enriched delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the meta-analytic measure was -0.65 (95% CI: -1.06/-0.24), suggesting a moderate, significant effect favoring Δ9-THC-dominant compounds. In meta-analyses of studies with Δ9-THC and cannabidiol (CBD) mixtures, the effects were not significant (SMD = -0.73, 95% CI: -2.00/0.55). Although suggesting a potential superior efficacy of pharmaceutically pure formulations of Δ9-THC and CBD over alternative versions, these results must be interpreted with caution due to heterogeneous study designs and small sample sizes. <b>Discussion:</b> The current evidence is limited. Low-quality evidence suggests that pharmaceutical-grade CBD may have limited efficacy for SAD and GAD. In addition, low-quality evidence supports Δ9-THC's efficacy for the reduction of nightmares in PTSD and tic severity in TS. Further double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials with larger and heterogeneous samples are required to investigate the clinical outcomes of pharmaceutical-grade cannabinoids and standardized cannabis extracts in the treatment of ADs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145074432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}