大麻素暴露对出生结果的风险:一项系统综述。

IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY
A Matthew Reck, Taylor Reilly, S Olivia Vanegas, Natalie J Shook, Steven G Kinsey, Sharon G Casavant
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引用次数: 0

摘要

导言:随着法律环境的变化,大麻产品的接受度和可获得性有所增加。大麻产品通常被消费者认为是“天然的”和相对安全的。然而,来自人类和其他动物的越来越多的经验证据表明,大麻对人类健康有负面影响。与众所周知的酒精和烟草产品的致畸作用相反,怀孕期间使用大麻产品的安全性尚未确定。本系统综述的目的是确定人类和啮齿动物文献中存在的关于产前暴露于大麻产品和德尔塔-9-四氢大麻酚(THC)对出生结果影响的模式。方法:采用PRISMA指南对啮齿动物和人类研究进行系统回顾。啮齿类动物搜索策略使用PubMed和Scopus,搜索词为“产前或围产期或子宫内或母体接触大麻或四氢大麻酚或大麻素和接触,而不是审查,而不是人类。”人类搜索策略使用PubMed、CINAHL和Scopus,搜索词为“大麻素或大麻或四氢大麻酚或大麻”、“怀孕或怀孕或产前”和“婴儿结局或婴儿健康”。在删除重复和不符合纳入标准的研究后,选择21项啮齿动物研究和36项人类研究进行审查。啮齿动物研究的重点是出生体重、产仔数、死亡率和妊娠期。人类研究的重点是出生体重、胎龄和婴儿分娩时的健康状况。结果:在人类和啮齿动物的研究中,产前接触大麻与较低的出生体重显着相关;然而,在啮齿类动物或人类中,它与胎龄没有显著关联。在大多数啮齿动物研究中,产前接触大麻不会影响死亡率或产仔数。在人体研究中,怀孕期间接触大麻的婴儿在分娩时的健康状况往往较差。研究结果表明,子宫内接触大麻可能与较差的分娩结果有关;然而,结果是混合的,并因物种和结果而异。讨论:方法上的差异和现有研究的不足可能导致了这种不一致。鉴于用于娱乐和医疗目的的大麻产品日益合法化,有必要进行更多的研究,以确定其对胎儿和婴儿健康结果的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Risks of Cannabinoid Exposure on Birth Outcomes: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: With the changing legal landscape, the acceptance and availability of cannabis products have increased. Cannabis products are generally considered "natural" and relatively safe by consumers. However, growing empirical evidence from humans and other animals indicates that cannabis negatively affects human health. In contrast to the well-known teratogenic effects of alcohol and tobacco products, the safety of cannabis product use during pregnancy has not yet been established. The goal of this systematic review was to determine the patterns that exist in human and rodent literature on the effects of prenatal exposure to cannabis products and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on birth outcomes. Methods: A systematic review of rodent and human studies was conducted using PRISMA guidelines. Rodent search strategy used PubMed and Scopus with terms "prenatal OR perinatal OR in utero OR maternal exposure AND cannabis OR THC or cannabinoids AND exposure NOT review NOT Human." Human search strategy used PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus with terms "cannabinoids OR cannabis OR THC OR marijuana" AND "pregnancy OR pregnant OR prenatal AND "infant outcome OR infant health." After deleting duplicates and studies that did not fit the inclusion criteria, 21 rodent and 36 human studies were selected for review. Rodent studies focused on birth weight, litter size, mortality, and gestation length. Human studies have focused on birth weight, gestational age, and infant health at delivery. Results: In both human and rodent studies, prenatal exposure to cannabis was significantly associated with lower birth weight; however, it was not significantly associated with gestational age in rodents or humans. In most rodent studies, prenatal exposure to cannabis did not affect mortality or litter size. In human studies, there was a tendency for infants exposed to cannabis during pregnancy to have worse health at delivery. Findings indicate that cannabis exposure in utero may be associated with worse birth outcomes; however, the results are mixed and vary by species and outcome. Discussion: Methodological differences and scant existing research may have contributed to this inconsistency. Given the legalization of cannabis product use for recreational and medicinal purposes is growing, additional research is necessary to determine its influence on fetal and infant health outcomes.

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来源期刊
Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY-
CiteScore
6.80
自引率
7.90%
发文量
164
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