Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research最新文献

{"title":"Clinical Application of Cannabis Vaporization: Examining Safety and Best Practices.","authors":"Caroline A MacCallum, Lindsay A Lo, Michael Boivin","doi":"10.1089/can.2023.0219","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2023.0219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Cannabis vaporization is useful for individuals requiring fast-acting method of cannabis administration and for individuals using smoked cannabis as a harm reduction tool. There is a need for guidance on how to assess if a patient is a vaporization candidate and how to safely initiate and monitor cannabis vaporization. <b>Methods:</b> An overview of safe cannabis vaporization, including practical guidance and tactics to promote the lowest-risk use, is provided. This review was developed through a combination of expert clinical opinion and reviewing the available literature. <b>Results:</b> Dried cannabis vaporizers and metered-dose inhalers are recommended to be used over other vaporization devices. Assessing the benefit versus risks of vaporized cannabis and providing guidance for choosing a vaporization device, choosing a cannabis chemovar, and employing a mindful vaping technique are important steps in the safe utilization of vaporized cannabis. Dosing optimization and monitoring to limit adverse events and improve symptom control are essential. <b>Discussion:</b> The utilization of cannabis vaporization presents an important opportunity for clinicians and other health professionals to help facilitate safer cannabis administration and reduce the prevalence of smoked cannabis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"28-37"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139939736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technology-Based Psychotherapeutic Interventions for Decreasing Cannabis Use in People with Psychosis: A Systematic Review Update.","authors":"Ovidiu Tatar, Hamzah Bakouni, Amal Abdel-Baki, Didier Jutras-Aswad","doi":"10.1089/can.2024.0094","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2024.0094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cannabis use is highly prevalent in people with psychotic disorders and is associated with adverse outcomes. We updated our 2020 systematic review related to the efficacy of technology-based psychological interventions (TBPIs) to decrease cannabis use in individuals with psychosis, the design of TBPIs, and their acceptability. We searched Medline, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and EMB Reviews for references indexed between November 27, 2019, and July 27, 2023, and used the PRISMA guidelines to report the results. We screened 5083 unique records and retained three studies for the narrative synthesis. Two quantitative studies showed promising results of internet or virtual reality-based psychological interventions that incorporate cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, and psychoeducation principles on the frequency and quantity of cannabis use. A qualitative exploratory study provided an integrative synthesis of patient and clinician opinions pertaining to the use of psychological approaches and technology to tackle cannabis misuse in individuals with psychosis. In contradiction with the rapidly expanding mobile-health solutions in the field of mental health, there is a dearth of research related to the use of internet and app-based psychological interventions for cannabis use in individuals with psychosis. The use of qualitative research is pivotal in the development of TBPIs. Our initial review and its update show that only 11 peer-reviewed journal articles that met our inclusion criteria have been published so far.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"11-17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142495626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acknowledgment of Reviewers 2024.","authors":"","doi":"10.1089/can.2024.03215.revack","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2024.03215.revack","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"92-93"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Letter to the Editor:</i> Snoop Dogg's Announcement to \"Give Up Smoke\" Has Fans Reevaluating Their Own Patterns of Cannabis Use.","authors":"Kelly C Young-Wolff, Esti Iturralde","doi":"10.1089/can.2024.0003","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2024.0003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"e184-e186"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140854300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Evidence of Endocannabinoid System on Perceived Stress and Restricted Food Intake: The Role of Variants rs324420 in <i>FAAH</i> Gene and rs1049353 in <i>CNR1</i> Gene.","authors":"Tania Yadira Martínez-Rodríguez, Elia H Valdés-Miramontes, José Francisco Muñoz-Valle, Zyanya Reyes-Castillo","doi":"10.1089/can.2024.0077","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2024.0077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is active in brain regions involved in stress, food intake, and emotional regulation. The CB1 receptor and the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) enzyme regulate the ECS. Genetic variants in the <i>FAAH</i> gene (rs324420) and in the <i>CNR1</i> gene (rs1049353) have been involved in both chronic stress and obesity. As a maladaptive strategy to evade the stress, three dysfunctional eating patterns may appear: cognitive restriction, disinhibition, and emotional eating. <b>Aim:</b> To evaluate the association of variants rs324420 in the <i>FAAH</i> gene and rs1049353 in the <i>CNR1</i> gene with perceived stress, dysfunctional eating patterns, and anthropometric and body composition variables. <b>Methods:</b> This cross-sectional study included 189 participants from western Mexico. The Spanish version of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire and the Perceived Stress Scale were applied. Genotyping was performed with TaqMan^® probes. <b>Results:</b> It was found that subjects with CA/AA genotypes in <i>FAAH</i> had a higher risk of presenting high scores in stress perception than CC genotype carriers (odds ratio [OR] 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.007-3.339; <i>p</i> = 0.048); in addition, the CC genotype of this genetic variant was related to higher body weight and body fat, but no association was found with dysfunctional eating patterns. As for the <i>CNR1</i> single-nucleotide polymorphism, this variant showed no significant association with stress perception scores, but subjects with GA/AA genotypes in <i>CNR1</i> had a lower risk of presenting high scores of restriction in food intake compared with GG genotype carriers (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.046-0.322; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Therefore, this study suggests a differential role of the ECS genes <i>FAAH</i> and <i>CNR1</i> in perceived stress and dysfunctional eating patterns, respectively. Further studies in other populations are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"e112-e120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141537636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Letter to the Editor:</i> Regarding Ogunsola et al.","authors":"Seyed Ehsan Mousavi","doi":"10.1089/can.2024.0144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2024.0144","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating Endocannabinoids Are Associated with Mental Alertness During Ultra-Endurance Exercise.","authors":"Sebastiaan Dalle, Chiel Poffé, Wout Lauriks, Ruben Robberechts, Myrthe Stalmans, Romano Terrasi, Giulio G Muccioli, Katrien Koppo","doi":"10.1089/can.2024.0169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2024.0169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Ultra-endurance exercise events result in central fatigue, impacting on mental alertness and decision making. Endocannabinoids are typically elevated during endurance exercise and have been implicated in central processes such as learning and memory, but their role in central fatigue has never been studied. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Twenty-four recreational male ultrarunners participated in a 100-km trail run, and 18 of them completed at least 60 km and were included in the analyses. A cognitive test battery to assess median reaction time (MRT) and median movement time during a reaction time task and median response latency during a rapid visual information processing task was completed prior to and immediately after the trail. Blood serum samples pre- and postexercise were analyzed for endocannabinoids and related lipids (anadamide: AEA; 2-arachidonoylglycerol: 2-AG; palmitoylethanolamide: PEA; oleoylethanolamide: OEA; stearoylethanolamine: SEA) via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. <b>Results:</b> Ultra-endurance exercise worsened all cognitive parameters and increased abundance of AEA, PEA, OEA, and SEA but not 2-AG. Interestingly, the exercise-induced change in MRT showed moderate, positive correlations with the change in different endocannabinoids, that is, AEA (<i>r</i> = 0.5164, <i>p</i> = 0.0338), PEA (<i>r</i> = 0.5466, <i>p</i> = 0.0251), and OEA (<i>r</i> = 0.5442, <i>p</i> = 0.0239). <b>Conclusion:</b> These results indicate a potential role of endocannabinoids on mental alertness following ultra-endurance exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Preliminary Pharmacokinetic Comparison of Δ-9 Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Extract Versus Oromucosal Spray in Healthy Men and Women.","authors":"Caroline A Arout, Hannah M Harris, Noah M Wilson, Kyle F Mastropietro, Amanda M Bozorgi, Gabriela Fazilov, José Tempero, Mariah Walker, Margaret Haney","doi":"10.1089/can.2023.0249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2023.0249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> Few studies have directly compared the bioavailability of different cannabinoid formulations. Our goal was to assess the pharmacokinetic parameters and relative bioavailability of two Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol:cannabidiol (THC:CBD) formulations: orally administered THC:CBD extract and oromucosally administered nabiximols. <b>Methods:</b> This pilot crossover study counterbalanced (1) 1 mL of orally administered THC:CBD extract (10 mg/mL each of THC and CBD in grapeseed oil) and (2) oromucosally administered nabiximols (four sprays of 2.7 mg THC and 2.5 mg CBD per spray, for a total dose of 10.8 mg THC and 10 mg CBD). Blood samples were obtained pre-dose and at 16 post-dose timepoints over 24 h. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated for THC, 11-hydroxy-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-THC), and CBD. <b>Results:</b> Twelve occasional cannabis users (6 male, 6 female) were tested under fasting conditions. <i>C</i>_max for THC and CBD was significantly higher with significantly shorter half-lives for THC:CBD extract versus nabiximols. <i>C</i>_max for nabiximols was significantly higher in males compared with females. Under both treatment conditions, THC and CBD were undetectable by 24 h post-dose, and 11-OH-THC was markedly reduced from its peak. No serious adverse events were reported. <b>Conclusions:</b> Little is known about the comparative pharmacokinetics of commercially available cannabis products. This pilot study shows that the extract formulation achieved higher THC and CBD concentrations within a shorter time frame than nabiximols. These findings may have implications for clinical populations using these formulations therapeutically. Future studies should examine multiple doses in the context of therapeutic outcomes to characterize the relative clinical utility of these formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142794395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabis Use and Biomarkers of Inflammation, Immune Activation, and Microbial Translocation in Persons with HIV.","authors":"Chukwuemeka N Okafor, Anoma Somasunderam, Jordan E Lake, Jonathan Gelfond, Marjan Javanbakht, Pamina Gorbach, Steven Shoptaw, Joy Schmitz","doi":"10.1089/can.2023.0109","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2023.0109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The relationship between cannabis and inflammation among persons with HIV (PWH) remains unclear. We examined whether the cannabis metabolite 11-nor-9-carboxy THC (THC-COOH) is associated with lower levels of plasma biomarkers of inflammation, immune activation, and microbial translocation in PWH. We hypothesized that cannabis use would be associated with lower levels of plasma inflammatory biomarkers than noncannabis use. <b>Methods:</b> We quantified THC-COOH in plasma, with THC-COOH levels between 5.1-69.9 μg/L and ≥70 μg/L being classified as moderate and heavy cannabis use, respectively, with noncannabis use defined as undetected THC-COOH. We measured a panel of plasma biomarkers of inflammation (interleukin [IL]-1-<i>β</i>, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-18, IL-6, and C-reactive protein), immune activation (CD14 and CD163), and microbial translocation (iFABP2 and lipopolysaccharide binding protein [LBP]), with all biomarkers collected on the same day. We used a cross-sectional design and linear regression models to test whether cannabis use is associated with lower biomarker levels. <b>Results:</b> Participants were (<i>N</i>=107) sexual minority men with HIV (median age=32 years, IQR=28, 38), of whom 65% were virally suppressed; 36%, 44%, and 20% were classified as nonuse, moderate, and heavy cannabis, respectively. In linear regression models adjusted for viral suppression, stimulant use, and CD4 counts, heavy cannabis use was significantly associated with lower levels of log₁₀ LBP (<i>β</i>=-0.14, 95% confidence interval: -0.24 to -0.04; false discovery rate=0.0029; partial eta squared=0.07) than noncannabis users. No precise associations were observed for other biomarkers (all <i>p</i>>0.05). <b>Conclusions:</b> Our findings suggest that cannabis use may be associated with lower plasma LBP. Further work is needed to clarify the relationship between cannabis use and biomarkers of microbial translocation in PWH.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"e1579-e1587"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11685291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139711550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and Optimization of more Efficient Olivetolic Acid Synthases.","authors":"Yue Yang, Shimeng Liu, Zihe Li, Changlong Lai, Hao Wu, Zhenzhu Li, Wenhao Xia, Qiuhui Du, Lihui Huang, Wen Wang, Xiao Wang, Xianqing Chen","doi":"10.1089/can.2023.0226","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2023.0226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Olivetolic acid (OLA) is a key intermediate in cannabidiol (CBD) synthesis, and cannabinoids are important neuroactive drugs. However, the catalytic activity of olivetolic acid synthase (OLS), the key enzyme involved in OLA biosynthesis, remains low and its catalytic mechanism is unclear. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> In this study, we conducted a scrupulous screening of the pivotal rate-limiting enzyme and analyzed its amino acid sites that are critical to enzyme activity as validated by experiments. <b>Results:</b> Through stringent enzyme screening, we pinpointed a highly active OLS sequence, OLS4. Then, we narrowed down three critical amino acid sites (I258, D198, E196) that significantly influence the OLS activity. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our findings laid the groundwork for the efficient biosynthesis of OLA, and thereby facilitate the biosynthesis of CBD.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"1482-1491"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11685297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139490860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}