Animal models and experimental medicine最新文献

{"title":"A murine model of aortic regurgitation generated by trans-apical wire destruction of the aortic valve","authors":"Xiaoxia Huang,&nbsp;Qiancheng Wang,&nbsp;Dan Han,&nbsp;Hairuo Lin,&nbsp;Zhihong Li,&nbsp;Cankun Zheng,&nbsp;Jianping Bin,&nbsp;Wangjun Liao,&nbsp;Zhanchun Cong,&nbsp;Mengjia Shen,&nbsp;Yulin Liao","doi":"10.1002/ame2.12558","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ame2.12558","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mechanisms underlying cardiac remodeling in aortic valvular (AoV) disease remain poorly understood, partially due to the insufficiency of appropriate preclinical animal models. Here, we present a novel murine model of aortic regurgitation (AR) generated by trans-apical wire destruction of the AoV.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Directed by echocardiography, apical puncture of the left ventricle (LV) was performed in adult male C57BL/6 mice, and a metal guidewire was used to induce AoV destruction. Echocardiography, invasive LV hemodynamic and histological examination were conducted to assess the degree of AR, LV function and remodeling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>AR mice exhibited rapid aortic regurgitation velocity (424 ± 15.22 mm/s) immediately following successful surgery. Four weeks post-surgery, echocardiography revealed a 54.6% increase in LV diastolic diameter and a 55.1% decrease in LV ejection fraction in AR mice compared to sham mice. Pressure-volume catheterization indicated that AR mice had significantly larger LV end-diastolic volumes (66.2 ± 1.5 μL vs. 41.8 ± 3.4 μL), reduced LV contractility (lower dP/dt_max and Ees), and diminished LV compliance (smaller dP/dt_min and longer Tau) compared to sham mice. Histological examination demonstrated that AR mice had significantly larger cardiomyocyte area and more myocardial fibrosis in LV tissue, as well as a 107% and a 122% increase of heart weight/tibial length and lung weight/tibial length, respectively, relative to sham mice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The trans-apex wire-induced destruction of the AoV establishes a novel and efficient murine model to develop AR, characterized by significant eccentric LV hypertrophy, heart failure, and pulmonary congestion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93869,"journal":{"name":"Animal models and experimental medicine","volume":"8 3","pages":"493-500"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ame2.12558","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143375118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Qingyangshen glycosides on neuroplasticity in a mouse model of social defeat","authors":"Jingru Wang,&nbsp;Weishi Chen,&nbsp;Qiang Zhu,&nbsp;Yao Liu,&nbsp;Zheng Kang,&nbsp;Dingding Liu,&nbsp;Guirong Zeng","doi":"10.1002/ame2.12499","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ame2.12499","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Qingyangshen (<i>Cynanchum otophyllum</i> C.K. Schneid) is a folk drug for treating depression and other mental disorders induced by social defeat stress. Neuroplasticity in the hippocampus is essential for the modulation of cognition and emotion, and its impairment may contribute to the development and progression of depression. Our previous studies have found that Qingyangshen glycosides (QYS) can improve depression-like behavior in social failure mouse models, mainly through PGC-1α/FNDC5/BDNF signaling pathways activation, but its effects and mechanisms on hippocampal neuroplasticity remain unknown.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) was used to induce social defeat in mice. Morphological changes in the hippocampus were observed by H&amp;E staining and Golgi staining. Immunofluorescence double staining was used to detect the expression of synaptophysin (SYN) and postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95), while western blot was employed to evaluate PSD-95, SYN, and doublecortin (DCX) proteins. The pathological processing of social defeat and the therapeutic effects of QYS on it was confirmed through behavioral assessment associated with morphologic observation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the whole study, the sucrose preference indices and OFT activity time of CSDS mice were significantly decreased (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05), and the tail suspension immobility time was significantly increased (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05), suggesting that the mice had significant depressive symptoms. Treatment with QYS (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) significantly alleviated depressive symptoms in CSDS mice, which was demonstrated by significantly (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05 or <i>p</i> ≤ 0.01) reducing the duration of tail-hanging immobility and increasing the tendency of sucrose preference indices and OFT activity time. QYS treatment also significantly increased the expression of DCX, PSD-95, and SYN proteins, which play a crucial role in depression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>QYS alleviated these symptoms by enhancing hippocampal neuroplasticity through upregulating the expression of synapse-associated proteins (SAPs). The therapeutic mechanism of QYS may involve modulating the neuroplasticity of hippocampus neurons by altering the expression of SAPs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93869,"journal":{"name":"Animal models and experimental medicine","volume":"8 4","pages":"581-594"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ame2.12499","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bird's eye view of natural products for the development of new anti-HIV agents: Understanding from a therapeutic viewpoint","authors":"Md. Al Amin,&nbsp;Mohamed H. Nafady,&nbsp;Mehrukh Zehravi,&nbsp;Sherouk Hussein Sweilam,&nbsp;Kusuma Praveen Kumar,&nbsp;M. Akiful Haque,&nbsp;Aziz Unnisa,&nbsp;Laliteshwar Pratap Singh,&nbsp;Mohammed Sayeed,&nbsp;Mohammed Ali Alshehri,&nbsp;Irfan Ahmad,&nbsp;Talha Bin Emran,&nbsp;Md. Zia Uddin","doi":"10.1002/ame2.12563","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ame2.12563","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the name used to describe several potentially life-threatening infections and disorders that happen when HIV has severely compromised the immune system. The primary effect of HIV is to decrease host immunity, exposing the host to external pathogens. The development of pharmaceutical drugs that directly cure the infection is crucial because of the current wide-ranging epidemic of HIV. Most therapeutic anti-HIV drugs are nucleosides. However, their high toxicity and potential for drug resistance restrict their use. Many of the most effective clinical drugs used to inhibit HIV, the activation of latent HIV, and AIDS have been obtained from natural sources. This review focuses on potential natural medicinal products for treating and managing HIV and AIDS. Notwithstanding, further clinical research studies are needed to understand the subject and its dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":93869,"journal":{"name":"Animal models and experimental medicine","volume":"8 3","pages":"441-457"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ame2.12563","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of laryngeal muscle evoked potential recording for experimental vagus nerve stimulation","authors":"Helen Bachmann,&nbsp;Robrecht Raedt,&nbsp;Guy Laureys,&nbsp;Kristl Vonck","doi":"10.1002/ame2.12555","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ame2.12555","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The laryngeal muscle evoked potential (LMEP) is a neurophysiological outcome parameter that guarantees integrity of the nerve-electrode interface during experiments with vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). This paper discusses a large series of minimally invasive LMEP recordings in 46 female Lewis rats, implanted with a custom-made VNS electrode around the left cervical vagus nerve. After a 3-week recovery, LMEPs were recorded twice in each animal, with swapping the anode and cathode positions of the VNS electrode (polarity inversion). A VNS-induced LMEP was identified as the initial negative peak wave post-stimulation artifact, consistently recorded in all sweeps at a given stimulation output current. Latency was defined as the time from stimulation onset to this negative peak, and stimulation threshold as the lowest current showing a clear and reproducible LMEP. An LMEP response was shown by 37/46 animals (80.4%), with stimulation intensity threshold of 0.37 ± 0.27 mA and latency of 2.39 ± 0.45 ms. Administering the cathodic pulse phase first at the caudal electrode contact resulted in the shortest LMEP latencies (MWU: <i>p</i> = 0.049. 2.36 ± 0.43 ms vs. 2.41 ± 0.47 ms). Minimally invasive LMEP recording provides a feasible and reliable means for checking electrode functioning and correct implantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":93869,"journal":{"name":"Animal models and experimental medicine","volume":"8 4","pages":"750-757"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ame2.12555","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new experimental model for studying peripheral nerve regeneration in dual innervated facial reanimation","authors":"K. Can Bayezid,&nbsp;Jan Macek,&nbsp;Lucie Kubíčková,&nbsp;Karolína Bretová,&nbsp;Marek Joukal,&nbsp;Libor Streit","doi":"10.1002/ame2.12554","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ame2.12554","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Donor nerve selection is a crucial factor in determining clinical outcomes of facial reanimation. Although dual innervation approaches using two neurotizers have shown promise, there is a lack of evidence-based comparison in the literature. Furthermore, no animal model of dual reinnervation has yet been published. This study aimed to establish such a model and verify its technical and anatomical feasibility by performing dual-innervated reanimation approaches in Wistar rats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifteen Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups and one control group. The sural nerve was exposed and used as a cross-face nerve graft (CFNG), which was then anastomosed to the contralateral buccal branch of the facial nerve through a subcutaneous tunnel on the forehead. The CFNG, the masseteric nerve (MN), and the recipient nerve were coapted in one or two stages. The length and width of the utilized structures were measured under an operating microscope. Return of whisker motion was visually confirmed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nine out of the eleven rats that underwent surgery survived the procedure. Whisker motion was observed in all experimental animals, indicating successful reinnervation. The mean duration of the surgical procedures did not differ significantly between the experimental groups, ensuring similar conditions for all groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our experimental study confirmed that the proposed reanimation model in Wistar rats is anatomically and technically feasible, with a high success rate, and shows good prospects for future experiments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93869,"journal":{"name":"Animal models and experimental medicine","volume":"8 4","pages":"606-614"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ame2.12554","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal models of human herpesvirus infection","authors":"Ziqing Jia,&nbsp;Dong Zhang,&nbsp;Lin Zhu,&nbsp;Jing Xue","doi":"10.1002/ame2.12575","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ame2.12575","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human herpesvirus, a specific group within the herpesvirus family, is responsible for a variety of human diseases. These viruses can infect humans and other vertebrates, primarily targeting the skin, mucous membranes, and neural tissues, thereby significantly impacting the health of both humans and animals. Animal models are crucial for studying virus pathogenesis, vaccine development, and drug testing. Despite several vaccine candidates being in preclinical and clinical stages, no vaccines are current available to prevent lifelong infections caused by these human herpesviruses, except for varicella-zoster virus (VZV) vaccine. However, the strict host tropism of herpesviruses and other limitations mean that no single animal model can fully replicate all key features of human herpesvirus-associated diseases. This makes it challenging to evaluate vaccines and antivirals against human herpesvirus comprehensively. Herein, we summarize the current animal models used to study the human herpesviruses including α-herpesviruses (herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1), HSV-2, VZV), β-herpesviruses (human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), γ-herpesviruses (Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)) and Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV)). By providing concise information and detailed analysis of the potential, limitations and applications of various models, such as non-human primates, mice, rabbits, guinea pigs, and tree shrews, this summary aims to help researchers efficiently select the most appropriate animal model, offering practical guidance for studying human herpesvirus.</p>","PeriodicalId":93869,"journal":{"name":"Animal models and experimental medicine","volume":"8 4","pages":"615-628"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ame2.12575","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refining the adriamycin-induced focal segmental glomerulosclerosis mouse model to improve reproducibility and animal welfare","authors":"Haochen Jiang,&nbsp;Salma Althobaiti,&nbsp;Braeden Pinkerton,&nbsp;Xin Fu,&nbsp;Zhenshan Jia,&nbsp;Kirk W. Foster,&nbsp;Geoffrey M. Thiele,&nbsp;Troy J. Plumb,&nbsp;Dong Wang","doi":"10.1002/ame2.12564","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ame2.12564","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reliable animal models are crucial to drug development for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), a rare kidney disease. Variability in success rates in literature and significant ethical concerns with animal welfare necessitate further optimization of adriamycin (ADR)–induced FSGS model developed on BALB/c mice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to assess ADR stability in water and upon light exposure. To identify the optimal ADR level, single intravenous ADR injections with dosing levels from 10 to 17 mg/kg body weight were administered to BALB/c mice to induce FSGS-like pathology. Body weight and proteinuria of FSGS mice were monitored and analyzed for FSGS model–associated morbidity. Animals were euthanized for hematological and kidney histological assessments 8 weeks post induction. To identify the suitable experiment time frame of the ADR-induced FSGS mouse model, a longitudinal study was performed, with an 11-week continuous monitoring of the symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ADR was found to be unstable in aqueous media and light sensitive. A dosing level of 10.5 mg/kg of ADR was optimal for consistent FSGS mouse model induction on BALB/c strain, characterized by minimal mortality and sustained FSGS-like symptoms. Findings from the longitudinal study suggest that 6 weeks post ADR induction may represent the peak of FSGS pathology severity in this mouse model. This time frame may be used for FSGS drug development projects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on the outcome from this study, we identified the optimal ADR dosing level and model testing duration. A standard operating procedure (SOP) for the ADR-induced FSGS mouse model was established to facilitate FSGS basic research and drug development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93869,"journal":{"name":"Animal models and experimental medicine","volume":"8 5","pages":"854-863"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ame2.12564","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143367043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glaucoma animal models in rabbits: State of the art and perspectives—A review","authors":"Rong Hu,&nbsp;Kai Wu,&nbsp;Jian Shi,&nbsp;Juan Yu,&nbsp;Xiao-lei Yao","doi":"10.1002/ame2.12565","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ame2.12565","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Glaucoma, a visual thief, is characterized by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Selecting suitable animals for preclinical models is of great significance in research on the prevention, early screening, and effective treatments of glaucoma. Rabbit eyeballs possess similar vascularity and aqueous humor outflow pathways to those of humans. Thus, they are among the earliest in vivo models used in glaucoma research. Over the years, rabbit models have made substantial contributions to understanding glaucomatous pathophysiology, surgical adaptations, biomedical device development, and drug development for reducing IOP, protecting RGCs, and inhibiting fibrosis. Compared to other animals, rabbits fit better with surgical operations and cost less. This review summarizes the merits and demerits of different ways to produce glaucomatous rabbit models, such as intracameral injection, vortex vein obstruction, Trendelenburg position, laser photo-coagulation, glucocorticoid induction, limbal buckling induction, retinal ischemia–reperfusion models, and spontaneous models. We analyzed their mechanisms in the hope of providing more references for experimental design and promoting the understanding of glaucoma treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":93869,"journal":{"name":"Animal models and experimental medicine","volume":"8 3","pages":"429-440"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ame2.12565","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143367039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and characterization of liver-specific Apoa4-Cre and Cyp2c11-Cre rat models in juvenile and adult stages","authors":"Wei Dong,&nbsp;Xiang Gao,&nbsp;Feifei Guan,&nbsp;Jirong Pan,&nbsp;Wei Chen,&nbsp;Li Zhang,&nbsp;Lianfeng Zhang","doi":"10.1002/ame2.12504","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ame2.12504","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Liver diseases are a major contributor to both morbidity and mortality. Conditional knockout animals are always produced through crossing floxed animals with a tissue-specific Cre animal. The use of floxed rat resource has rapidly increased, but the liver-specific Cre rat lines for studying liver diseases and interested genes are limited, especially in a spatially and temporally restricted manner.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>RNA sequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to screen and confirm the presence of liver-specific genes. <i>Apoa4</i>-Cre rats and <i>Cyp2c11</i><i>-Cre</i> rats were produced by CRISPR/Cas9 knockin. Rosa26-imCherry rats were employed to hybridize with the Cre rats to obtain the <i>Apoa4</i><i>-Cre</i>/Rosa26-imCherry and <i>Cyp2c11</i><i>-Cre</i>/Rosa26-imCherry rats. The temporal and spatial patterns of Cre expression were determined by the observation of red fluorescence on tissue sections. Hematoxylin–eosin stain was used to evaluate the liver histopathologic changes. The blood biochemical analysis of several liver enzymes and liver lipid profile was performed to evaluate the liver function of Cre rats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Apoa4</i> and <i>Cyp2c11</i> were identified as two liver-specific genes. <i>Apoa4</i><i>-Cre</i> and <i>Cyp2c11</i><i>-Cre</i> rats were produced and hybridized with Rosa26-imCherry rats. The red fluorescence indicated that the Cre recombinases were specially expressed in the juvenile and adult liver and not in other organs of two hybridized rats. All the blood biochemical parameters except low-density lipoprotein (LDL) did not change significantly in the Cre rats. No histological alterations were detected in the livers of the Cre rats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Liver-specific <i>Apoa4</i><i>-Cre</i> and <i>Cyp2c11</i><i>-Cre</i> rats have been established successfully and could be used to study gene knockout, specifically in juvenile and adult liver.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93869,"journal":{"name":"Animal models and experimental medicine","volume":"8 4","pages":"718-727"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ame2.12504","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143367038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal models for abdominal aortic aneurysms: Where we are and where we need to go","authors":"Kangli Tian,&nbsp;Fizza Malik,&nbsp;Sihai Zhao","doi":"10.1002/ame2.12572","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ame2.12572","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The mortality rate of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) after rupture is extremely high, and this disease has become an important disease endangering the health of the Chinese population. Methods used to model AAA include intraluminal pressurized elastase infusion, chronic infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II) via an osmotic pump, periarterial application of calcium chloride, vascular grafting, and gene modification. AAA models induced by elastase and Ang II are the two most widely used animal models. In the elastase-induced model, because intraluminal infusion is transient, with the cessation of initial stimulation, the aneurysm lesion tends to be stable and rarely ruptures. The model induced by Ang II infusion often presents with a typical aortic dissection with a false lumen, whereas clinical AAA patients do not necessarily have dissection. Currently, the treatment of AAA in clinical practice remains endovascular, and there is a lack of pharmacological therapy, which is also related to the fact that the pathogenic mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Smoking, old age, male sex, and hypertension are the main risk factors for AAA, but these risk factors have not been fully investigated in the current modeling methods, which may affect the clinical translational application of research results based on animal models. Therefore, this article reviews the most commonly used AAA modeling methods, comments on their applications and limitations, and provides a perspective on the development of novel animal models.</p>","PeriodicalId":93869,"journal":{"name":"Animal models and experimental medicine","volume":"8 3","pages":"573-577"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ame2.12572","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}