AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology最新文献

{"title":"Dynamic Brain [¹⁸F] Fluoroestradiol PET Protocol Optimization for Improved Detection of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases.","authors":"Ezzat Elmoujarkach, Arman Sharbatdaran, Letizia Pontolillo, Jolie Jean, Matthew Agee, Nicholas Digregorio, Massimo Cristofanilli, Eleni Andreopoulou, Kathryn Beal, Jonathan P S Knisely, Susan Pannullo, Rajiv Magge, Rohan Ramakrishna, Jonathan Dyke, Sadek Nehmeh, Jana Ivanidze","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A9316","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A9316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Brain [¹⁸F] fluoroestradiol (FES) PET enables noninvasive assessment of estrogen receptor (ER) expression and may improve the detection of ER-positive (ER⁺) breast cancer brain metastases (BC-BM), with pilot studies demonstrating clinical utility. Our aim was to leverage our dynamic brain [¹⁸F] FES PET acquisition protocol to characterize BC-BM uptake kinetics across different postinjection intervals, with the goal of improving lesion detectability.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Patients with ER⁺ primary disease and BC-BM were enrolled prospectively and underwent dynamic [¹⁸F] FES PET/CT and contemporaneous standard-of-care contrast-enhanced brain MRI. PET was acquired during 90 minutes using a dynamic protocol (34 frames). Four 15-minute static time windows were reconstructed, including 30-45, 45-60, 60-75, and 75-90 minutes after injection, respectively. MRI was used as the criterion standard for clinical lesion characterization and segmentation, with subsequent [¹⁸F] FES PET co-registration. The time window-specific PET MRI lesion matching rate (LMR) and mean standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR, normalized to cerebellar cortex) were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven patients with a total of 92 MRI-confirmed lesions were included (73 parenchymal, 8 leptomeningeal, 6 calvarial, 4 dural-based, and 1 pituitary stalk). Time window-3 yielded the highest LMR at 68% (63/92 lesions), followed by time window-2 (62%), time window-4 (60%), and time window-1 (57%). The mean SUVR increased across time, with means of 1.83 (standard deviation [SD], 1.46), 2.08 (SD, 1.88), 2.29 (SD, 2.37), and 2.38 (SD, 2.50) for time window-1, -2, -3, and -4, respectively. Despite a higher SUVR at later time points, 8 lesions (6 parenchymal, 1 leptomeningeal, and 1 calvarial) that were visible at 60-75 minutes were undetectable at 75-90 minutes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Time window-3 at 60-75 minutes after injection provided optimal LMR for brain [¹⁸F] FES PET in ER⁺ BC and suspected BM. Imaging beyond this interval may not further improve diagnostic yield and may reduce visibility. Limitations of this study include the small cohort size, population heterogeneity regarding prior treatment, and lack of pathologic confirmation. Our findings suggest that 60-75 minutes after injection may represent the optimal acquisition time window and highlight the importance of timing standardization for neuro-oncologic applications of brain [¹⁸F] FES PET.</p>","PeriodicalId":93863,"journal":{"name":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"2627-2633"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13629711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147522922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging and Clinical Features of Secondary Spinal Cord Lymphoma: A 2-Center Case Series.","authors":"Rami W Eldaya, Sahar Alizada, Ahmed Msherghi, Hamza A Salim, Samir A Dagher, Chloe G Barakat, Ahmed Naeem, Max Wintermark, Matthew S Parsons","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A9332","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A9332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Secondary CNS lymphoma is an uncommon manifestation of lymphoma with well-established imaging literature describing intracranial findings. Secondary spinal cord involvement by lymphoma is exceedingly rare with limited clinical and imaging data. In this 2-center case series, we present 18 cases of secondary spinal cord lymphoma. We highlight imaging features of secondary spinal cord lymphoma on MRI while establishing its correlation with intracranial disease. We also explore its relationship with systemic disease and pertinent clinical findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":93863,"journal":{"name":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147640168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microcephaly with Simplified Gyral Pattern in Children: Quantitative Morphometric Assessment on Brain MRI and Correlation with Clinical Outcome.","authors":"Stefanie Chambers, Mateus A Esmeraldo, Yanniklas Kravutske, Lukas Haider, Gregor Kasprian, Ana Filipa Geraldo, Bruno P Soares","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A9282","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A9282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Microcephaly with simplified gyral pattern (SGP) represents an often subtle subtype of malformation of cortical development that is commonly accompanied by epilepsy and neurodevelopmental delay. However, whether gyral simplification scales to reduced brain volume and whether MRI features predict clinical outcome still remain unclear. The aims of this study are therefore to apply a quantitative morphometric approach to distinguish a simplified gyral pattern from microcephaly-related effects and to correlate quantitative MRI-derived features with clinical outcome.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>From a single-center cohort of 34 patients with microcephaly and visually confirmed SGP (shallow sulci, normal cortical thickness), 18 subjects (mean age 7.1 ± 6.5 years) who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were retrospectively included for final analysis. Twenty-six age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. GM/WM volumes (GMVs/WMVs) and surface-based measures were derived using FreeSurfer. Scaling corrections based on log-log robust regression and cortical folding analyses were subsequently analyzed. Principal component analyses clustered along morphometric phenotypes. ANCOVA, Kendall τ correlations, and logistic regression were applied to evaluate group differences and clinical outcome predictors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with healthy controls, patients showed significantly reduced WMV, cortical surface area, local gyrification index (LGI) (all <i>Q</i> < 0.003), and mildly increased cortical thickness. Allometric modeling indicated that, although WMV and LGI scaled proportionally to total brain volume, cortical surface area was disproportionately reduced, suggesting deviation beyond microcephalic scaling. Spectral folding analysis showed loss of specifically macroscale (primary) folding power. Morphometric clustering separated 4 subtypes differing in cortical thickness and area, of which the cluster with the lowest surface area and LGI exhibited universal developmental delay and included both early deaths. Across the cohort, neurodevelopmental delay correlated negatively with surface area. Logistic regression suggested lower surface area, WMV, and LGI as predictors of adverse clinical outcome (<i>Q</i> < 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The presence of SGP may reflect additional disturbance of primary sulcation and tangential cortical expansion beyond scaling to microcephaly alone. Our results suggest reduced cortical surface area as a key morphometric marker and a strong MRI feature predictive of neurodevelopmental delay, underscoring the clinical value of quantitative morphometry for stratifying disease severity in microcephaly with an SGP.</p>","PeriodicalId":93863,"journal":{"name":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"2643-2651"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13629703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147438495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiologic Phenotyping in Patients with <i>SOX10</i> Pathogenic Variants: Insights into Neck, Brain, and Temporal Bone Abnormalities.","authors":"F Gentile, E Clement, K Rajput, A Biswas, S Sudhakar, R Nash, L Ugga, A Juliano, F D'Arco","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A9322","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A9322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>The <i>SOX10</i> gene is essential for developing neural crest-derived tissues, including the temporal bone, peripheral and central nervous systems, and melanocytes. Pathogenic <i>SOX10</i> variants are linked to a broad clinical spectrum, including Waardenburg syndrome (WS) in isolation, Kallmann syndrome (KS), as well as an entity characterized by the combination of peripheral demyelinating neuropathy, central dysmyelinating leukodystrophy, Waardenburg syndrome, and Hirschsprung disease (PCWH). This study aims to characterize the full spectrum of abnormalities in the brain, temporal bone, and neck regions, and their syndromic associations.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fifteen pediatric patients with genetically confirmed <i>SOX10</i> germline pathogenic variants were included. All underwent MRI, and 9 also had CT of the temporal bone. Imaging and clinical data were systematically analyzed by 2 pediatric neuroradiologists.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Phenotypic analysis revealed bilateral temporal bone abnormalities in all patients, mainly characterized by a specific combination of semicircular canal dysplasia/hypoplasia (with high prevalence of severely hypoplastic or absent posterior semicircular canal) and a very reproducible form of cochlear hypoplasia called flattened cochlea. Olfactory bulb agenesis or hypoplasia was identified in all but 2 patients. Other abnormalities include white matter changes suggestive of a hypomyelination pattern or deficient myelination in 4 patients and neck findings typically characterized by parotid gland aplasia/hypoplasia (15/15, 100%) or lacrimal gland aplasia/hypoplasia (13/15, 86%). Clinical phenotypes ranged from sensorineural hearing loss to WS type II or IV and PCWH.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results confirm the strong correlation between pathogenic <i>SOX10</i> variants and characteristic temporal bone malformations, which, in association with other radiologic abnormalities, represent highly specific diagnostic markers. The constellation of findings reflects the shared neural crest origin of the affected tissues and should always be investigated to support appropriate genetic testing. Early identification of these features via MRI can aid diagnosis, especially in children without classic syndromic signs, and support the patients' management.</p>","PeriodicalId":93863,"journal":{"name":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"2609-2614"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13629724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147522988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rates of Retreatment after Transvenous Embolization of CSF-Venous Fistulas in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension.","authors":"Derrek Schartz, Nicholas T Befera, Timothy J Amrhein, Soren Christensen, Jay Willhite, Linda Gray, Ajay A Madhavan, Michael D Malinzak, Peter G Kranz","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A9327","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A9327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>CSF-venous fistulas (CVF) cause spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) and can be treated with transvenous embolization (TVE). Although TVE has been shown to result in substantial symptomatic improvement, some patients may require retreatment. The purpose of this study was to clarify the rate, anatomic location, and timing of CVF recurrence/retreatment after TVE.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study is a single-center, retrospective cohort of consecutive patients with CVF who were treated with TVE. The rate of retreatment after TVE was determined. In addition, timing of symptom onset and location of recurrent CVF was recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred consecutive patients (65% women, mean age 59.3 years) with 105 CVFs treated with TVE were included. Overall, 23% (23/100) of patients required retreatment due to persistence or recurrence of symptoms. Most retreatment patients (74%; 17/23) had persistent or recurrent symptoms within 3 months after TVE. Approximately one-third of patients needing retreatment (35%; 8/23) had a CVF at the same site and level as the initial CVF after having been embolized. Approximately one-third (30%; 7/23) had a recurrent CVF adjacent to the initial CVF (defined as 1 level above, 1 level below, or at the same level but on the contralateral side). The remaining patients (35%; 8/23) had a CVF remote from the original fistula site.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Approximately 23% of patients with CVF that are treated with TVE will require retreatment. Symptom recurrence is most common within 3 months after initial treatment. Recurrence can occur due to local treatment failure or development of collateral drainage pathways, but a substantial proportion of patients develop de novo CVFs remote from the initial treatment site. These findings can be used to counsel patients and to manage treatment expectations.</p>","PeriodicalId":93863,"journal":{"name":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147596921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose Reduction with Gadopiclenol: Implications for DSC Perfusion Imaging.","authors":"Alexey Samsonov, Mohamed Shaif Yusufishaq, Seth Arntz, Aaron Field","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A9256","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A9256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gadopiclenol (Vueway) has a substantially higher T1 relaxivity than other gadolinium-based contrast agents, including gadobenate dimeglumine (MultiHance), allowing a 50% dose reduction with noninferiority in detection of enhancing lesions on T1-weighted imaging. However, such reduced dosing may have unintended consequences for DSC perfusion imaging. In this retrospective analysis of 30 patients imaged using package-insert dosing of both MultiHance and Vueway (on separate occasions), DSC signal transients were compared between these agents. There was a statistically significant reduction in percent signal change and area under the contrast concentration-time curve for Vueway relative to MultiHance. When the signal was normalized for contrast dose, this difference was statistically eliminated. The results demonstrate that package-insert dosing of Vueway produces substantially weaker signal transients for DSC perfusion imaging, in proportion to the one-half gadolinium dose regimen. Potential impact on perfusion metrics, with concerns including SNR and leakage correction, warrants further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":93863,"journal":{"name":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"2623-2626"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13629706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147277947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-Effectiveness of Adjunctive Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization for Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Secondary Analysis of EMBOLISE.","authors":"Matthew C Findlay, Gurpreet S Gandhoke, Jason M Davies, Jared Knopman, Kenneth J Smith, Maxim Mokin, Ameer E Hassan, Robert E Harbaugh, Alexander Khalessi, Jens Fiehler, Bradley A Gross, Jason W Tarpley, Walavan Sivakumar, Mark Bain, R Webster Crowley, Thomas W Link, Justin F Fraser, Michael R Levitt, Peng Roc Chen, Ricardo A Hanel, Joe D Bernard, Mouhammad Jumaa, Patrick Youssef, Marshall C Cress, Mohammad Imran Chaudry, Hakeem J Shakir, Walter S Lesley, Joshua Billingsley, Jesse G Jones, Matthew J Koch, Alexandra R Paul, William J Mack, Joshua W Osbun, Kathleen Dlouhy, Jonathan A Grossberg, Christopher P Kellner, Daniel H Sahlein, Justin Santarelli, Clemens M Schirmer, Jesse J Liu, Aniel Q Majjhoo, Thomas Wolfe, Neil V Patel, Christopher Roark, Adnan H Siddiqui, Ramesh Grandhi","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A9319","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A9319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) has high recurrence rates after evacuation surgery (ES). Middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) adjunctive to ES reduces recurrence but increases hospital costs. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of adjunctive MMAE (ES/MMAE) versus ES alone as a secondary post hoc analysis of the Embolization of the Middle Meningeal Artery With ONYX Liquid Embolic System for Subacute and Chronic Subdural Hematoma (EMBOLISE) randomized trial of ES/MMAE versus ES alone.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cost-effectiveness analysis using 2024 US dollars was conducted averaging hospital costing data from 2 EMBOLISE trial sites for 42 patients with cSDH (21 ES/MMAE, 21 ES alone) from a US hospital (health facility) perspective, with clinical data (eg, cSDH recurrence rates) derived from the EMBOLISE trial. Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were derived from EuroQol 5-dimension 5-level assessment data with a 180-day horizon. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated. One- and 2-way sensitivity analyses and probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) with 5000 Monte Carlo iterations (gamma distributions for costs and beta for utilities/probabilities) were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean expected costs were $23,809 for ES/MMAE (4.1% recurrence rate), $17,197 for ES alone (11.3% recurrence rate), and $10,376 for rescue surgery for either treatment. ES/MMAE provided a 0.02 QALY gain over ES alone, at an incremental cost of $6612. The resultant ICER was approximately $382,267.50/QALY, exceeding the commonly cited $100,000/QALY cost-effectiveness criterion. One-way sensitivity analyses indicated QALY gain was the most impactful economic driver. PSA indicated a 31.8% probability of ES/MMAE being cost-effective at $100,000/QALY (68.2% for ES alone).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>At 2024 pricing, and from a US hospital perspective, ES/MMAE for cSDH may not be cost-effective within a 180-day horizon, but PSA suggests a greater favorability toward ES/MMAE at higher willingness-to-pay thresholds. The positive net QALY benefit with adjunctive MMAE for cSDH suggests a small but meaningful quality-of-life improvement, preventing complete ES dominance. Cost-reduction strategies, longer time frames, and validated cSDH-specific patient-reported outcome measures could enhance ES/MMAE cost-effectiveness. These findings could guide future optimization efforts for ES/MMAE for cSDH management.</p>","PeriodicalId":93863,"journal":{"name":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"2500-2509"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13629707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147583172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Neuroradiology Fellowship Positions and Match Outcomes in the United States, 2009 to 2025.","authors":"Ajay Malhotra, Keervani Kandala, Dheeman Futela, Raj Moily, Seyedmehdi Payabvash, Dhairya A Lakhani, Dheeraj Gandhi, Bruno A Policeni, Cristopher Whitlow, Max Wintermark","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A9233","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A9233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study assessed national trends and the geographic distribution of neuroradiology fellowship positions in the United States from 2009 to 2025. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited programs increased from 86 to 94 (9%), with the number of active fellows in training increasing from 250 to 262 (+5%). National Residency Match Program positions grew from 190 to 316 (66%), and fill rates improved from 67% to 91%. International Medical Graduates increased from 18.8% to 27.1%, whereas US medical doctor representation declined slightly. In 2025, 94 programs across 33 states and the District of Columbia offered 385 positions; 11 states had none. Despite national growth, programs remain concentrated, with California, New York, and Massachusetts hosting more than one-quarter of all positions. Awareness of the pipeline and its correlation with the market demand for subspecialist neuroradiologists is important for policy planning and addressing workforce needs to preserve patient access to care.</p>","PeriodicalId":93863,"journal":{"name":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"2495-2499"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13629727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146198308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging in the Fast Lane: Challenges and Opportunities for Expanding Access to MRI.","authors":"Sittaya Buathong, Susie Y Huang, Farzana Z Ali, Laura B Eisenmenger, Joel M Stein, Robert J Young, John-Paul J Yu, Jason W Allen","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A9285","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A9285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MRI technology has continuously advanced since its inception in the 1980s, yet access to MRI remains restricted due to its high cost and traditionally long acquisition times. This article reviews access-oriented strategies for expanding MRI availability in neuroradiology, focusing on the following: 1) workflow efficiency enabled by accelerated and artificial intelligence-assisted imaging, 2) targeted MRI protocols designed to answer specific clinical questions, and 3) emerging low-field and portable MRI technologies for resource-constrained and point-of-care settings. We provide practical trade-offs, provide limitations, and use case-driven frameworks to inform real-world implementation. Examples of how these technologies are used in neuroradiology are provided along with perspectives on the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. This article portrays current accessibility issues and paves the way for an improved understanding of the opportunities and future of expanded MRI access.</p>","PeriodicalId":93863,"journal":{"name":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"2468-2477"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13629726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147438426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NeuroAIHub: An AI-Driven Framework for Automated Curation and Discovery of Neuroradiology Data Sets.","authors":"Benyamin Gheiji, Sina Moradi, Mahsa Vatanparast, Sana Shokrani, Mohammad Aref Bagherzadeh, Danial Elyassirad, Oluwatobi Iyanuoluwa Akinmuleya, Sina Goodarzi, Mahsa Heidari-Foroozan, Mana Moassefi, Jeffrey D Rudie, Evan Calabrese, R Jain, Shahriar Faghani","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A9363","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A9363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroradiology data sets have significant potential for advancing neuroimaging research, yet identifying relevant and up-to-date resources remains challenging. NeuroAIHub is an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven framework designed to automate data set discovery, improve accessibility, and support structured exploration of neuroradiology data sets. A foundational database was constructed through a multireviewer extraction process with standardized metadata harmonization. To maintain and expand the registry, an AI-based updating workflow performs monthly Web searches, extracts structured metadata from heterogeneous sources using large language models, and submits candidate entries for developer validation before integration. A large language model-powered conversational agent enables natural language data set retrieval, analytical queries, and visualizations, while a structured Web interface supports reproducible filtering. NeuroAIHub currently hosts 180 data sets across 6 diagnostic domains and is available as a Web application (https://neuroai.streamlit.app/) and an open-source Python package (https://github.com/NeuroAIHub-Registry/NeuroAIHub; https://pypi.org/project/neuroaihub). The platform provides a continuously curated resource designed to improve reproducibility, transparency, and efficiency in neuroradiology data set discovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":93863,"journal":{"name":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}