AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology最新文献

{"title":"Image Quality Evaluation for Brain Soft Tissue in Neuroendovascular Treatment by Dose-Reduction Mode of Dual-Axis \"Butterfly\" Scan.","authors":"Hisayuki Hosoo, Yoshiro Ito, Koji Hirata, Mikito Hayakawa, Aiki Marushima, Tomohiko Masumoto, Hiroshi Yamagami, Yuji Matsumaru","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A8472","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A8472","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Flat panel conebeam CT (CBCT) is essential for detecting hemorrhagic complications during neuroendovascular treatments. Despite its superior image quality and trajectory over conventional CBCT (circular scan), the dual-axis butterfly scan has a slightly higher radiation dose relative to conventional CBCT. This study evaluates the image quality in dose-reduction mode to uncover the appropriate radiation dose for the butterfly scan.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We prospectively included patients who were scheduled for neuroendovascular treatment and underwent conventional CBCT and the dose-reduction mode of the butterfly scan. Two reduced radiation dose modes were used for the butterfly scan: medium-dose butterfly scan (70% of the original dose, 45 mGy) or low-dose butterfly scan (50% of the original dose, 30 mGy). The enrolled patients were assigned alternately to undergo either the medium- or low-dose butterfly scan. We evaluated and compared artifacts, contrast, and discrimination of the corticomedullary junction between conventional CBCT and one of the dose-reduction modes of the butterfly scan, with a 5-point scale scoring system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty patients were enrolled in each of the medium- and low-dose groups, totaling 40 patients. Compared with conventional CBCT, the medium-dose butterfly group exhibited reduced artifacts, enhanced contrast, and corticomedullary junction discrimination (except in the occipital lobe). While the low-dose butterfly group exhibited markedly reduced artifacts and improved contrast (except in the occipital lobe), a significant improvement in corticomedullary junction discrimination was not observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Even with dose reduction, the specialized trajectory of the butterfly scan enables artifact reduction, contrast improvement, and enhanced corticomedullary junction discrimination. However, the impact of the reduced dose was more noticeable, particularly in the occipital region where susceptibility to bone interference resulted in decreased contrast and compromised corticomedullary junction discrimination.</p>","PeriodicalId":93863,"journal":{"name":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"285-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11878960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142047643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Outcome of Pipeline Embolization Device with and without Coils to Treat Intracranial Aneurysm: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Irfan Kesumayadi, Makoto Sakamoto, Tomohiro Hosoya, Atsushi Kambe, Tetsuji Uno, Hiroki Yoshioka, Masamichi Kurosaki","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A8443","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A8443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of a Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) in combination with coils (PEDC) to treat intracranial aneurysms remains unclear as to whether it offers significant benefits for the patients because the results have varied.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcome of the PEDC compared with the PED in treating intracranial aneurysms.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>We systematically searched the articles from PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases published before January 25, 2024.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>We selected studies comparing the PEDC versus the PED to treat intracranial aneurysms. Patients treated with the PEDC but using dense coiling were excluded from the study.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>The clinical outcomes observed in this meta-analysis were intraprocedural complications, postoperative complications (stenosis, stroke, hemorrhage, mortality), favorable outcome (mRS ≤2), complete occlusion rate, and retreatment rate. A forest plot was used to analyze pooled OR of clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Data synthesis: </strong>A total of 3001 subjects from 9 observational studies were included. The PEDC was mainly used to treat larger aneurysms. The PEDC has a significantly higher complete occlusion rate at 6 months (OR = 2.66; 95% CI, 1.26-115.59; <i>P</i> = .01), a lower retreatment rate (OR = 0.18; 95% CI, 0.05-0.07; <i>P</i> = .010), higher stroke-related complications (OR= 1.66, 95% CI, 1.16-2.37; <i>P</i> = .005), and higher hemorrhage-related complications (OR = 1.98; 95% CI, 1.22-13.21; <i>P</i> = .005). There was no significant difference in intraprocedural complications, stenosis-related complications, mortality, favorable outcomes, and complete occlusion at the end of the study.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>No randomized controlled trials have been performed comparing the PEDC and PED. Considering that all the included studies were observational, the patients' baseline characteristics were not completely balanced.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This meta-analysis study showed that the PEDC in large intracranial aneurysms induces a faster complete occlusion rate at 6 months and a lower retreatment rate. However, it increases the risk of stroke-related postoperative complications, and the faster complete aneurysm occlusion rate found in this study did not correlate with a reduction in long-term aneurysm or distal artery ruptures. Thus, this study suggests the need to find a better strategy to improve long-term hemorrhage-related complications in large intracranial aneurysms.</p>","PeriodicalId":93863,"journal":{"name":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"272-277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11878972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141972379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Performance of ASL-MRI and FDG-PET in Frontotemporal Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Richard Dagher, Parisa Arjmand, Burak Berksu Ozkara, Mahla Radmard, Mona Gad, Ali Sheikhy, Max Wintermark, Vivek Yedavalli, Haris I Sair, Licia P Luna","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A8440","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A8440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While the diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is based mostly on clinical features, [¹⁸F]-FDG-PET has been investigated as a potential imaging standard in ambiguous cases, with arterial spin-labeling (ASL) MRI gaining recent interest.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the diagnostic performance of ASL MRI in patients with FTD and compare it with that of [¹⁸F]-FDG-PET.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Embase was conducted until March 13, 2024.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>Inclusion criteria were original articles, patients with FTD and/or its variants, use of ASL MR perfusion imaging with or without [¹⁸F]-FDG-PET, and presence of sufficient diagnostic performance data. Exclusion criteria were meeting abstracts, comments, summaries, protocols, letters and guidelines, longitudinal studies, and overlapping cohorts.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>The quality of eligible studies was assessed by using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) for [¹⁸F]-FDG-PET and ASL MRI were calculated, and a summary receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted.</p><p><strong>Data synthesis: </strong>Seven eligible studies were identified, which included a total of 102 patients with FTD. Aside from some of the studies showing, at worst, an unclear risk of bias in patient selection, index test, flow, and timing, all studies showed low risk of bias and applicability concerns in all categories. Data from 4 studies were included in our meta-analysis for ASL MRI and 3 studies for [¹⁸F]-FDG-PET. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and DOR were 0.70 (95% CI: 0.59-0.79), 0.81 (95% CI: 0.71-0.88), and 8.00 (95% CI: 3.74-17.13) for ASL MRI and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.71-0.96), 0.89 (95% CI: 0.43-0.99), and 47.18 (95% CI: 10.77-206.75) for [¹⁸F]-FDG-PET.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>The number of studies was relatively small, with a small sample size. The studies used different scanning protocols as well as a mix of diagnostic metrics, all of which might have introduced heterogeneity in the data.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While ASL MRI performed worse than [¹⁸F]-FDG-PET in the diagnosis of FTD, it exhibited a decent diagnostic performance to justify its further investigation as a quicker and more convenient alternative.</p>","PeriodicalId":93863,"journal":{"name":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"341-348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11878950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141972423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State of Practice: ASNR Statement on Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent Use in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.","authors":"Kirk M Welker, David Joyner, Anthony W Kam, David S Liebeskind, Amit M Saindane, Colin Segovis, Noushin Yahyavi-Firouz-Abadi, John E Jordan","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A8501","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A8501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Beginning in 2006, neuroradiologists became increasingly aware of the risk of nephrogenic system fibrosis (NSF) when patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) received gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) in conjunction with MRI scans. Radiology practices began withholding GBCAs from MRI patients with substantial CKD and instated a variety of safety measures to ensure that these individuals did not inadvertently receive GBCAs. As a result, the worldwide incidence of NSF was dramatically reduced. Since that time, a wealth of research on NSF and its etiology has found few unconfounded cases associated with those GBCAs categorized as group II agents by the American College of Radiology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 2023 and 2024, members of the American Society of Neuroradiology (ASNR) Standards and Guidelines Committee reviewed new research evidence on GBCA safety and its relevance to current MRI contrast administration guidelines for patients with CKD. This focused on systematic reviews and meta-analyses conducted during the past 5 years. Upon consideration of this literature, recommendations for the administration of GBCAs to patients with CKD were formulated.</p><p><strong>Key message: </strong>For neuroimaging applications, the ASNR recommends that group II GBCAs no longer be withheld in patients with CKD when these agents are medically indicated for diagnosis. Moreover, if group II GBCAs are exclusively used in an MRI practice, other safety measures, such as checking renal function or querying patients about CKD, can be discontinued.</p>","PeriodicalId":93863,"journal":{"name":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"227-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11878962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142303159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reversible Perfusion Changes during Acute Attacks in Glucose Transporter Type 1 Deficiency Syndrome: A Pediatric Case Series.","authors":"Francesco Pacchiano, Chiara Doneda, Filippo Arrigoni, Mario Tortora, Maria Teresa Contaldo, Germana Lomonaco, Roberto Previtali, Sara Olivotto, Pierangelo Veggiotti, Cecilia Parazzini, Andrea Righini","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A8506","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A8506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1-DS) is an uncommon condition represented by an infantile-onset disorder, frequently arising from heterozygous mutations in the <i>SLC2A1</i> gene. Individuals with GLUT1-DS may present with early-onset seizures (typically manifesting before 4 years of age), developmental delay, and complex movement disorders. In fewer cases, stroke-like events or hemiplegic migraine-like symptoms are also reported, defined by unilateral paresis affecting 1 side of the body and/or one-half of the face, occasionally accompanied by speech impairment. Currently, the pathomechanism underlying these acute transient clinical manifestations is poorly understood. MR imaging studies performed in the absence of acute manifestations frequently reveal nonspecific imaging signs associated with this syndrome. We present findings obtained using the arterial spin-labeling technique for perfusion imaging and MRA during the acute onset of stroke-like episodes in a series of 4 pediatric patients with GLUT1-DS. We observed reversible hypoperfusion in the left hemisphere and associated reversible attenuation of distal MCA branches on MRA. A notable association between unilateral cerebral hypoperfusion and transient crossed cerebellar diaschisis was evident on perfusion maps as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":93863,"journal":{"name":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"395-400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11878979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A8628","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A8628","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93863,"journal":{"name":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11878957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"β-Trace Protein as a Potential Biomarker for CSF-Venous Fistulas.","authors":"Ian T Mark, Waleed Brinjikji, Jeremy Cutsforth-Gregory, Jared T Verdoorn, John C Benson, Ajay A Madhavan, Jeff W Meeusen","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A8476","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A8476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Accurately identifying patients with CSF-venous fistulas (CVF) causing spontaneous intracranial hypotension, is a diagnostic dilemma. This conundrum underscores the need for a CVF biomarker to help select who should undergo an invasive myelogram for further diagnostic work-up. β-trace protein (BTP) is the most abundant CNS-derived protein in the CSF and, therefore, is a potential venous biomarker for CVF detection. The purpose of our study was to measure venous BTP levels as a potential CVF biomarker.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We prospectively enrolled 14 patients with CVFs and measured the BTP in venous blood samples from the paraspinal veins near the CVF and compared those levels with those in the peripheral blood. Myelograms used initially to identify the CVF were evaluated for technique, CVF laterality, CVF level, and the venous drainage pattern. Patient sex and age and symptom duration were also collected. Brain MR images were reviewed for Bern scores. We also measured the peripheral blood BTP levels in 20 healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In patients with CVF, the mean BTP level near the CVF was 54.5% higher (0.760 [SD, 0.673] mg/L versus 0.492 [SD, 0.095] mg/L; <i>P</i> = .069) compared with peripheral blood. Nine (64.3%) patients with CVFs had a higher paraspinal BTP level than peripheral BTP level. The 20 control patients had a higher mean peripheral BTP level of 0.720 (SD, 0.191) mg/L compared with patients with CVF (<i>P</i> < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found that venous blood at the site of the CVF had higher BTP values compared with peripheral blood in most but not all patients with CVF. This finding may reflect the intermittent leaking nature of CVF. Additionally, we found that patients with CVF had a lower peripheral blood BTP level compared with healthy controls. BTP requires further evaluation as a potential CVF biomarker.</p>","PeriodicalId":93863,"journal":{"name":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"416-420"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11878952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension Associated with Vascular Malformations.","authors":"Mark D Mamlouk, Adriana Gutierrez, William P Dillon","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A8471","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A8471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spinal CSF leaks from dural tears or CSF-venous fistulas are the most common causes of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Rarely, CSF leaks have also been associated with vascular malformations, which have primarily been discussed in case reports or small series. In this clinical report, we report the clinical features, imaging findings, and treatment of 6 children and adults with CSF leaks associated with vascular malformations in the spine and skull base depicted on CT myelography and cisternography.</p>","PeriodicalId":93863,"journal":{"name":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"426-432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11878963/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142047645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Generation Gap in Work Values Has Hit Medical Training.","authors":"John C Benson","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A8608","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A8608","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93863,"journal":{"name":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"225-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11878983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143030266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The \"Outline Sign\": Thin Hyperenhancing Perimeter as an MR Imaging Feature of Meningioma. A Useful Tool in the Temporal Bone Region for Differentiating Meningiomas from Schwannomas and Paragangliomas.","authors":"Anil K Vasireddi, Katherine L Reinshagen, Donghoon Shin, Laura V Romo, Amy F Juliano","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A8452","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A8452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>This study investigates the practicality and utility of the \"outline sign,\" which refers to the thin curvilinear hyperenhancing line that may be seen along the margin of a meningioma on a spin-echo postcontrast T1-weighted image. For cases in which the differential diagnosis may include other tumors, visualization of the outline sign may help to increase the diagnostic confidence for a meningioma. Therefore, in the temporal bone region such as the cerebellopontine angle or jugular foramen, where differential considerations may include a schwannoma or paraganglioma, we additionally investigated whether the outline sign may be observed in these nonmeningioma lesions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 39 clinical MRIs of meningiomas, schwannomas, and paragangliomas with confirmed histopathologic data were studied retrospectively. Two experienced head and neck radiologists independently assessed for the presence or absence of an outline sign and subsequently formed a consensus opinion while blinded to patient information and histopathologic data. Interreader reliability was assessed by Cohen κ statistics. Simple bivariate comparisons were performed on the consensus opinions to assess for statistical differences in presence of the sign in meningiomas versus schwannomas and paragangliomas. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the sign with respect to identifying an underlying meningioma were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both readers displayed identical opinions in assessment of the outline sign in 34 of the 39 cases (87%), including 13 of the 14 meningiomas (93%), with substantial agreement (Cohen κ of 0.74). The outline sign was present in 12 of 14 meningiomas (86%), which was significantly greater in frequency compared with schwannomas (3 of 22, 14%) and paragangliomas (1 of 3, 33%). The outline sign demonstrated high sensitivity (86%), specificity (84%), and accuracy (85%) in identifying an underlying meningioma.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The outline sign can serve as a useful tool for diagnosing meningiomas. It may help distinguish meningiomas from other enhancing tumors, for example schwannomas and paragangliomas in the temporal bone region.</p>","PeriodicalId":93863,"journal":{"name":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"349-354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11878966/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}