AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology最新文献

{"title":"Diagnostic Confidence of Contrast-Enhanced T1-Weighted MRI for the Detection of Brain Metastases: 3D FSE versus 3D GRE-Based Sequences.","authors":"Maria Gule-Monroe, Nathan Chasen, James P Long, Vinodh A Kumar, Komal Shah, Melissa Chen, Jason Stafford, Caroline Chung, Max Wintermark, Ping Hou, Ekta Sura, Chenyang Wang, Jeffrey Weinberg, Ho-Ling Liu","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A8590","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A8590","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>This retrospective study evaluated the utility of contrast-enhanced T1-weighted 3D fast spin-echo-based sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts by using different flip angle evolutions (SPACE) sequences for brain metastasis detection on 3T MRI compared with a gradient-recalled echo-based 3D FLASH sequence.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We identified all patients at a single institution who underwent SPACE and 3D FLASH sequences as part of a practice quality-improvement project. Their medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Five certified neuroradiologists reviewed the images, with at least 2 weeks' separation between scoring sequences for the same patient. We evaluated the following parameters: number of metastatic lesions, number of indeterminate lesions, lesion margin, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), extent of image artifacts, and overall image quality. The CNR was also quantified for solidly enhancing lesions of >1 cm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 220 patients who underwent SPACE and 3D FLASH sequences (the order of the sequences was equally distributed). Of these, 79 had brain metastases on imaging, and 7 were excluded; thus, 72 patients were included in the study. Twenty patients were scored by 2 radiologists. Of the 92 evaluations, SPACE detected more lesions than 3D FLASH in 35, while 3D FLASH detected more lesions in 10. More indeterminate lesions were seen on 3D FLASH (<i>n</i> = 27) than on SPACE (<i>n</i> = 9). For the lesion margin, CNR, and overall image quality on a Likert scale, SPACE performed significantly better than 3D FLASH, with fewer image artifacts (<i>P</i> < .00001). Higher quantitative CNRs were found on SPACE than on 3D FLASH images, though this result was not statistically significant (median = 22.9 versus 15.5, respectively, <i>P</i> = .134). There was a high interreader lesion detection concordance with the Krippendorf α ordinals at 0.962 for SPACE, 0.870 for 3D FLASH, and 0.918 for the 2 sequences combined.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared with 3D FLASH, the SPACE sequence detected more metastatic lesions and was rated higher for image quality, lesion margin, and CNR, with fewer artifacts. Importantly, the SPACE sequence resulted in increased reader confidence, with fewer indeterminate lesions detected.</p>","PeriodicalId":93863,"journal":{"name":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"1231-1237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142689927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delta Wave MRI: fMRI of Electrophysiologic Activity.","authors":"Jeffrey I Berman, Luke Bloy, Shana Ward, Timothy P L Roberts","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A8618","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A8618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We propose a novel application of MR encephalography (MREG) to detect the frequency spectrum of endogenous slow oscillatory brain activity (delta, <4 Hz). MREG offers faster image acquisition than conventional fMRI and superior spatial localization than electroencephalography/magnetoencephalography. MREG was acquired at a 0.1-second temporal resolution in a healthy adult during interleaved wakefulness and sleep to demonstrate its capability for detecting delta-band power changes associated with sleep, previously demonstrated by electroencephalography. For each voxel, the brain activity of MREG signal was used to compute a spectrogram and a whole-brain image of delta-band spectral power. The delta-band power was observed to increase during sleep compared with the awake states using measures from MREG voxelwise spectrograms and sequential whole-brain spatial maps of slow-wave power. This work introduces an MR technique for measuring brain slow-wave activity that is sensitive to changes in the magnitude and frequency of brain activity in sleep.</p>","PeriodicalId":93863,"journal":{"name":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"1203-1207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142803689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Analysis of Neurologic Complications following Transradial Cerebral Angiography.","authors":"Hoon Kim, Hyeong Jin Lee, Seon Woong Choi, Sunghan Kim, Seong-Rim Kim, Ik Seong Park","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A8625","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A8625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Transradial access (TRA) for cerebral angiography has become more popular due to fewer complications and greater patient comfort compared with transfemoral access. However, the frequency and nature of neurologic complications linked to TRA remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the incidence of symptomatic neurologic complications after transradial cerebral angiography, identify risk factors, and characterize clinical and imaging features of these complications.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 1679 consecutive cases of transradial cerebral angiography from a single institution between January 2018 and December 2020. Neurologic complications were defined as any symptomatic changes confirmed by DWI revealing ischemic lesions. A case-control matching method was used to enhance the reliability of the results. Clinical, procedural, and anatomic factors were examined for predictors of neurologic complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Neurologic complications occurred in 1.0% (<i>n</i> = 19) of cases, with 85% occurring within 6 hours postprocedure. No significant predictors of neurologic complications could be identified among the clinical, procedural, or anatomic factors assessed. Overall, 58% of patients experienced transient or reversible complications. Patients with permanent symptoms had mild to moderate disability (mRS scores of 1 or 2), with no severe disability (mRS score ≥3). DWI commonly showed multifocal cortical or subcortical ischemic patterns, typically affecting the right middle cerebral artery territory or multiple territories, suggesting embolic mechanisms as a potential cause.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Neurologic complications following transradial cerebral angiography were rare but occurred early in the postprocedural period. The observed ischemic patterns, particularly the right-sided predominance, suggest embolic mechanisms as a potential cause. However, further large-scale, multicenter prospective studies are essential to identify risk factors more clearly and enhance patient safety in this increasingly utilized transradial approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":93863,"journal":{"name":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"1166-1172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142856910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single Large-Scale Mitochondrial Deletion Syndromes: Neuroimaging Phenotypes and Longitudinal Progression in Pediatric Patients.","authors":"Cesar A P F Alves, Maria Camilla Rossi-Espagnet, Francisco Perez, Amirreza Manteghinejad, James T Peterson, Rebecca Ganetzky, Antonio Napolitano, Francesco Grassi, Ibrahim George-Sankoh, Harun Yildiz, Colleen Muraresku, Marni J Falk, Diego Martinelli, Daniela Longo, Adeline Vanderver, Carlo Gandolfo, Russell P Saneto, Amy Goldstein, Arastoo Vossough","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A8670","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A8670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Single large-scale mitochondrial deletion syndrome (SLSMD) comprises devastating mitochondrial diseases often classified into 3 major clinical syndromes: Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS), chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO), and Pearson syndrome (PS). Nevertheless, there remains large clinical variability and overlap among these SLSMD groups. Therefore, further stratification is required for more precise prognostication and clinical management. Through detailed description and analysis of longitudinal neuroimaging changes, we sought to determine the neuroradiologic hallmarks of SLSMDs and define their expected imaging progression to further delineate their natural history.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective, longitudinal study of 40 children with SLSMDs at 3 mitochondrial disease centers was performed. MRI review assessed the prevalence and progression of brain lesions in different regions with statistical significance testing and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed for involved brain regions to stratify findings into imaging phenotype groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 40 patients with SLSMD (median age 9.26 years; interquartile range: 5.16-13.1), 67.5% had KSS, 15% had KSS with a prior history of PS (PS→KSS), and 10% had PS only. A well-delineated phenotype could not be specified for 1 (2.5%) and 2 (5%) individuals who had CPEO-plus (CPEO + extraocular symptoms). Regardless of presentation, initial MRI of patients with KSS revealed lesions within selective areas of the upper brainstem tegmentum. Follow-up MRIs in 26 patients showed well-defined progression along other select brainstem and white matter regions. Log-rank tests demonstrated varying onset times by lesion type. Cluster analysis revealed 2 distinct neuroimaging groups: 1) KSS, CPEO-plus, and PS→KSS versus 2) PS and not otherwise specified individuals. KSS, CPEO-plus, and PS→KSS showed indistinguishable neuroimaging features regardless of the initial clinical presentation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We describe the first comprehensive longitudinal neuroimaging pattern analysis in a multicenter, international SLSMDs disease pediatric cohort, delineating a predictable progression of brain lesions, regardless of clinical phenotype.</p>","PeriodicalId":93863,"journal":{"name":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"1272-1281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144000116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Intracranial Aneurysm Imaging Modalities, from CT to State-of-the-Art MR.","authors":"Sammy Allaw, Kameel Khabaz, Tyler C Given, Dominic Montas, Roberto J Alcazar-Felix, Abhinav Srinath, Tareq Kass-Hout, Timothy J Carroll, Michael C Hurley, Sean P Polster","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A8549","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A8549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional guidance for intracranial aneurysm (IA) management is dichotomized by rupture status. Fundamental to the management of ruptured aneurysm is the detection and treatment of SAH, along with securing the aneurysm by the safest technique. On the other hand, unruptured aneurysms first require a careful assessment of their natural history versus treatment risk, including an imaging assessment of aneurysm size, location, and morphology, along with additional evidence-based risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, and family history. Unfortunately, a large proportion of ruptured aneurysms are in the lower risk size category (<7 mm), putting a premium on discovering a more refined noninvasive biomarker to detect and stratify aneurysm instability before rupture. In this review of aneurysm work-up, we cover the gamut of established imaging modalities (eg, CT, CTA, DSA, FLAIR, 3D TOF-MRA, contrast-enhanced-MRA) as well as more novel MR techniques (MR vessel wall imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, computational fluid dynamics). Additionally, we evaluate the current landscape of artificial intelligence software and its integration into diagnostic and risk-stratification pipelines for IAs. These advanced MR techniques, increasingly complemented with artificial intelligence models, offer a paradigm shift by evaluating factors beyond size and morphology, including vessel wall inflammation, permeability, and hemodynamics. Additionally, we provide our institution's scan parameters for many of these modalities as a reference. Ultimately, this review provides an organized, up-to-date summary of the array of available modalities/sequences for IA imaging to help build protocols focused on IA characterization.</p>","PeriodicalId":93863,"journal":{"name":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"1082-1092"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142514454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of Financial Disclosures by Scientific Presenters/Authors at the ASNR 2024 Annual Meeting.","authors":"Ajay Malhotra, Dheeman Futela, Varun Sheoran, Keervani Kandala, Mihir Khunte, Chris Lee, Seyedmehdi Payabvash, Dheeraj Gandhi","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A8600","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A8600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physician-industry financial relationships can drive research and innovation, improving patient care and outcomes, but also potentially raise ethical concerns if not disclosed appropriately. This study shows high rates of nondisclosures by authors/presenters at the American Society of Neuroradiology 2024 annual meeting, despite strict requirements. A total of 86.4% of presenters/authors with records in the open payments database failed to disclose any financial relationship, and 89.9% of total industry payment value was not disclosed. Greater awareness should help improve disclosures and transparency, reducing the risk and perception of bias.</p>","PeriodicalId":93863,"journal":{"name":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"1100-1102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142694066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Tribute to Apostolos John Tsiouris, MD, January 12, 1972 - March 11, 2025, Recipient of the ASNR's 2025 Outstanding Contributions in Neuroradiology Education Award.","authors":"Jana Ivanidze, Pina C Sanelli","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A8752","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A8752","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93863,"journal":{"name":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"1287-1288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conebeam CT Myelography for the Detection of Spinal CSF Leaks.","authors":"Ajay A Madhavan, Michelle L Kodet, Waleed Brinjikji, Ian T Mark, Wouter I Schievink","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A8820","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A8820","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spinal CSF leaks are the primary cause of spontaneous intracranial hypotension, with the most common types of leaks including CSF-venous fistulas and dural tears.¹ These leaks necessitate advanced myelographic techniques for accurate localization. Digital subtraction myelography is one such technique used at some institutions.² Although digital subtraction myelography has excellent temporal and spatial resolution, it does not provide high-resolution cross-sectional images. Here, we describe our technique for conebeam CT myelography performed immediately after digital subtraction myelography, which generates high-resolution cross-sectional images.^3-6 We illustrate how this technique enhances detection and characterization of some spinal CSF leaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":93863,"journal":{"name":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"1282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Medullary Vein Integrity and Relationships with Small Vessel Disease and Interstitial Diffusivity Measures in Patients with a Recent Small Subcortical Infarct.","authors":"Carla Brenlla, Caterina Sozzi, Andrés Girona, Emma Muñoz-Moreno, Carlos Laredo, Alejandro Rodríguez-Vázquez, Sergio Amaro, Arturo Renú, Antonio Doncel-Moriano, Laura Llull, Xabier Urra, Salvatore Rudilosso, Ángel Chamorro","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A8591","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A8591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>The role of the venous compartment in cerebral small vessel disease has yet to be fully understood. As such, we evaluated how deep medullary vein (DMV) integrity relates to MRI-based small vessel disease severity markers and glymphatic function assessed by DTI measures in patients with a recent small subcortical infarct.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We gathered demographic, clinical, and 3T MRI imaging data from 50 patients with a recent small subcortical infarct. We evaluated the venular integrity by using 2 visual scales based on their appearance on SWI. We assessed the number of lacunes and microbleeds, white matter hyperintensities volume, perivascular spaces volume in basal ganglia and white matter, summary small vessel disease score, and brain volume. Diffusivity measures in normal-appearing white matter included free water fraction, mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy with and without free water correction, and DTI along the perivascular spaces. After categorizing the cohort in quartiles according to both venular scores, we assessed their correlations with small vessel disease markers and diffusivity measures by using multivariable ordinal regression analyses adjusting for age, sex, smoking, and summary small vessel disease score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In univariate analysis most of the imaging variables, except for microbleeds, perivascular spaces in white matter, and DTI along the perivascular spaces, were associated with 1 or both venular scores. In multivariate analysis, free water (OR, 1.33, 95% CI, 1.03-1.73), mean diffusivity (OR, 4.56, 95% CI, 1.32-15.81), fractional anisotropy (OR, 0.77, 95% CI, 0.63-0.93), free water-corrected mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy (OR, 2.39, 95% CI, 1.06-5.39; OR 0.78, 95% CI, 0.65-0.94, respectively), associated with vein appearance, while only brain volume (OR, 0.48, 95% CI, 0.25-0.94), fractional anisotropy with and without free water correction (OR, 0.82, 95% CI, 0.86-0.99; OR, 0.83, 95% CI, 0.7-0.99, respectively) remained robust for vein count.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In patients with a recent small subcortical infarct, disruption of the DMVs, increased extracellular water, and white matter injury appear to be associated.</p>","PeriodicalId":93863,"journal":{"name":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"1103-1111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142689926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Vestibular Schwannoma Size across Time: How Well Do the Experts Perform and What Can Be Improved?","authors":"Girish Bathla, Parv M Mehta, Neetu Soni, Mathew Johnson, John C Benson, Steven A Messina, Paul Farnsworth, Amit Agarwal, Matthew L Carlson, John I Lane","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A8614","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A8614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>2D linear measurements are often used in routine clinical practice during vestibular schwannoma (VS) follow-up, primarily due to wider availability and ease of use. We sought to determine the radiologist's performance compared with 3D-volumetry, along with the impact of the number of linear measurements, slice thickness, and tumor volumes on these parameters.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Specificity and accuracy estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the entire cohort and subgroups on the basis of volumes (<400, 400-800, >800 mm³), slice thickness (≤1.5 mm or >1.5 mm), and number of linear dimensions measured in the radiology report (0-1 or 2-3).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was weak agreement between the radiologist's inference and VS volumetry (0.45; 95% CI. 0.41-00.53). Agreement was lower when 0-1 tumor dimension was measured (0.29; 95% CI, 0.21-0.42), for smaller tumors of <400 mm³ (0.37; 95% CI, 0.28-0.45), and for thick-section imaging of >1.5 mm (0.36; 95% CI, 0.25-0.46). The reader sensitivity was modest (0.49-0.54), while the accuracy for detecting ≤ ±25% interval change was weak (0.32-0.38). Reader performance trended toward improvement with thin-section imaging, measurement of 2-3 VS dimensions, and larger tumors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In routine practice, radiologists show poor agreement with volumetric results and sensitivity to detect interval change and overall poor accuracy for volumetric changes of ≤ ± 25% in volume. In the absence of volumetric measurements, radiologists need to be more diligent when evaluating interval changes in VS.</p>","PeriodicalId":93863,"journal":{"name":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"1249-1254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}