Canadian Journal of Soil Science最新文献_第3页

Microwave-assisted citrate extraction (MaCE) as an alternative to autoclave citrate extraction (ACE) of a soil protein fraction 微波辅助柠檬酸盐提取（MaCE）作为高压釜柠檬酸盐萃取（ACE）土壤蛋白质组分的替代方案

IF 1.7 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2023-07-21 DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2023-0016

Qianyi Wu, K. Congreves, R. Farrell

引用次数: 0

Growth and survival of native upland and wetland species in shallow capped thickened tailings: A meso-scale greenhouse study 浅盖加厚尾矿中原生高地和湿地物种的生长和存活：一项中尺度温室研究

IF 1.7 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2023-07-13 DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2022-0113

Dani Degenhardt, A. Van Dongen, Stefan G. Schreiber, A. Bekele

引用次数: 1

Influence of Pulse-Wheat Crop Rotations on Aggregate Size Distribution Dynamics in the Brown Soil Zone in Southern Alberta, Canada 小麦轮作对加拿大艾伯塔省南部棕壤区团聚体粒径分布动态的影响

IF 1.7 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2023-0005

P. Gallage, M. Bandara, J. Knight

{"title":"Influence of Pulse-Wheat Crop Rotations on Aggregate Size Distribution Dynamics in the Brown Soil Zone in Southern Alberta, Canada","authors":"P. Gallage, M. Bandara, J. Knight","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2023-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2023-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Diversification of conventional cereal-based cropping systems with pulse crops may aid producers to grow crops in an appropriate sequence and frequency with environmental, social and economic benefits. This study examined the effects of including three pulse crops with different rooting depths (shallow- and deep-rooted) in wheat-based crop rotations on soil aggregate size distribution under semi-arid and rain-fed conditions. A 4-year cycle rotational study was established in Brooks, AB using five selected treatments: continuous wheat, wheat alternately grown with lentil, field pea, or chickpea, or lentil and chickpea alternately grown with wheat. Soils were collected from 0-5 cm-depth and dry sieved to produce eight aggregate size classes, <0.053 mm, 0.053-0.125 mm, 0.125-0.149 mm, 0.149-0.05 mm, 0.05-1.0 mm, 1.0-2.0 mm, 2.0-6.35 mm and >6.35 mm. The continuous wheat treatment improved the macro-aggregates (>6.35 mm) development, whereas the rotations with pulse-wheat crops increased the micro- and meso-aggregates (0.50-1.0 mm and 0.15-0.5 mm) development. Soils sampled at 0-15 cm-depth were used for soil organic matter and microbial analysis. The pulse-wheat rotations collectively had more light fraction organic matter (LFOM) than the continuous wheat, and chickpea alternated with wheat had the highest amount of LFOM in both years. All treatments had similar soil microbial biomass and microbial community composition. Our study underscores the contribution of pulse crops in cereal-based cropping systems in the formation of small aggregates.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48773156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Growth and survival of native wetland species in shallow capped centrifuged tailings and co-mixed tailings: A meso-scale greenhouse study 浅盖离心尾矿和共混尾矿中原生湿地物种的生长和生存:中尺度温室研究

IF 1.7 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2022-0129

Dani Degenhardt, A. Van Dongen, J. Hudson, N. Utting, Stefan G. Schreiber

引用次数: 1

Non-growing season soil nitrous oxide emissions as influenced by cover crops and fall tillage termination 覆盖作物和秋耕终止对非生长期土壤氮氧化物排放的影响

IF 1.7 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2023-0017

Yuanpei Gao, Kira A. Borden, Shannon Brown, C. Wagner-Riddle

{"title":"Non-growing season soil nitrous oxide emissions as influenced by cover crops and fall tillage termination","authors":"Yuanpei Gao, Kira A. Borden, Shannon Brown, C. Wagner-Riddle","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2023-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2023-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Cropland soil is a major driver of global nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. In cold climates, non-growing season (NGS) emissions can be significant due to high fluxes during freeze-thaw (FT) cycles. Cover crops can alter key soil conditions that govern N2O-producing microbial processes, with multiple potential pathways to either increase or decrease N2O production during FT cycles. Cultivating cover crops in the fall to terminate may further disrupt these processes and the overall impact of cover crops on N2O emissions. Yet, few studies have touched on how termination practices of cover crops impact FT emissions over the NGS. Using the flux gradient method to continuously measure N2O emissions from a conventional corn-soybean rotation, we investigated the effects of summer-established cover crops (perennial ryegrass and crimson clover) (with cover crops: +CC; without cover crops: -CC) when terminated by fall cultivation (with fall cultivation: +FC; without fall cultivation: -FC) over a six-month NGS that was characterized by several freezing and thawing periods. Crimson clover cover crop was completely winter killed, while the ryegrass survived on the +CC-FC field. Total NGS (Nov-April) emissions varied nearly 2.5-fold among treatments from 395.1 (-CC-FC) to 978.1 (+CC+FC) g N2O-N ha-1. Compared to the control treatment (-CC-FC), fall cultivation alone (-CC+FC) and cover crops alone (+CC-FC) increased total NGS N2O emissions and fall cultivation with cover crops (+CC+FC) increased N2O fluxes even more. Careful CC species selection and management are important to avoid elevated NGS emissions.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45483613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Grazing and fertilizer, compost or manure application effects on a meadow bromegrass pasture on a thick black chernozem I. Productivity and sustainability 厚黑色黑钙土上草地雀麦牧场的放牧和肥料、堆肥或粪肥施用效果I.生产力和可持续性

IF 1.7 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2023-05-09 DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2022-0041

V. Baron, Campbell Dick, R. Lemke, K. Greer, E. Mapfumo

{"title":"Grazing and fertilizer, compost or manure application effects on a meadow bromegrass pasture on a thick black chernozem I. Productivity and sustainability","authors":"V. Baron, Campbell Dick, R. Lemke, K. Greer, E. Mapfumo","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2022-0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2022-0041","url":null,"abstract":"Short duration, intensive grazing management with high stocking rates may result in sufficient turn-over of nitrogen (N) to compensate for production-limiting soil-N deficiencies for grass pasture. In central Alberta a 0.5 ha block was seeded to ‘Fleet’ meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehmann) in August, 2002. Within this block, six fenced (9 x 30 m) treatments were established in three replicates. They were: 1. ungrazed–clip removal; 2. grazed – alone; 3 grazed– fertilizer; 4. grazed – fertilizer-compost; 5. grazed - hog manure; 6. grazed – alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) -grass. Measurements were conducted over a 4-year period between 2003 and 2006 and grazing occurred at identical times as vegetative mass permitted. Biomass was harvested before and after grazing for calculation of dry matter (DM) yield and biomass consumed. Subsamples were used for determination of N concentration and in vitro digestibility. Mean herbage N-yield for grazed treatments was 131% of ungrazed and greatest for grazed-fertilizer and grazed-fertilizer plus compost. Grazed paddocks with no added N produced similar DM yield to those with added N. Estimated nitrogen fixation contributed an annual average of 82 kg ha-1 to herbage-N yield from the alfalfa-grass paddocks. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) silage grown after termination of the grazed pastures produced 72% more herbage DM from grazed paddocks than ungrazed, but no significant (P. < 0.05) differences occurred among amendments.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46042016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The fate of dissolved sulfamethoxazole during spring-thaw snowmelt in a field with a history of manure application 有施肥历史的田地春季融雪期间溶解的磺胺甲恶唑的命运

IF 1.7 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2023-05-09 DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2023-0006

H. S. Soto, I. Amarakoon, N. Casson, D. Kumaragamage, H. Wilson

引用次数: 0

Compost and biosolids increase long-term soil organic carbon stocks 堆肥和生物固体增加了长期土壤有机碳储量

IF 1.7 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2023-05-03 DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2022-0104

Emmanuel Badewa, Chun C. Yeung, J. Whalen, M. Oelbermann

{"title":"Compost and biosolids increase long-term soil organic carbon stocks","authors":"Emmanuel Badewa, Chun C. Yeung, J. Whalen, M. Oelbermann","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2022-0104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2022-0104","url":null,"abstract":"Biobased residues derived from organic urban waste materials can be processed to produce soil amendments that enhance soil fertility and carbon sequestration. However, the extent of carbon sequestration by biobased residues depends on the interaction between their physicochemical properties, climate, and agroecosystem management practices. Our objective was to predict how different biobased residues (compost, anaerobic digestate or biosolids), compared to nitrogen fertilizer, affect soil organic carbon stocks under continuous cropping and crop rotation in Ontario, Canada, using the Century model. The Century model was calibrated and validated with data, from a three-year field study located in Elora, Ontario, Canada, that was used to predict long-term changes in soil organic carbon. Our results showed that after 150 years, soil amended with compost and biosolids increased soil organic carbon stocks significantly (p<0.05) compared to anaerobic digestate and nitrogen fertilizer. Soil organic carbon stocks were 1 to 27% greater with crop rotation compared to continuous cropping. Model performance indicated a strong correlation between measured and simulated soil organic carbon stocks (R2 = 0.26 to 0.82; RMSD = 432 to 727 g m-2). Our findings suggested that compost had the greatest soil carbon sequestration potential of the tested soil amendments, and this difference was due to the quantity and quality of carbon input.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47174940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of an Extended Schnute Model for more Physically Realistic Representations of Soil Water Retention and Moisture Capacity Curves 开发一个扩展的Schnute模型，用于更真实地表示土壤保水和含水量曲线

IF 1.7 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2023-05-03 DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2023-0014

W. D. Reynolds, C. Drury, P. Handyside

{"title":"Development of an Extended Schnute Model for more Physically Realistic Representations of Soil Water Retention and Moisture Capacity Curves","authors":"W. D. Reynolds, C. Drury, P. Handyside","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2023-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2023-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Commonly used soil water retention, θ(h), and moisture capacity, C(h), functions implicitly assume that: i) the θ(h) data curve is sigmoid-shaped with an inflection; and ii) the C(h) data curve has a value of zero at soil saturation. Desorption measurements on intact soils indicate, however, that the θ(h) data curve is frequently convex-monotonic in shape with no inflection, and C(h) at saturation is often a finite negative value rather than zero. As these model-data mismatches may cause substantial error in simulation or prediction of near-saturated soil hydraulic properties and water flow, a new “Extended Schnute” θ(h)-C(h) function was proposed that can provide θ(h) curve shapes and saturated C(h) values which are consistent with θ(h) and C(h) measurements. The new function and/or its nested Schnute sub-model provided high-quality and physically realistic fits to desorption data collected from intact cores of coarse sand, loamy sand, loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, clay and organic clay soils; and it out-performed or equalled the three-parameter van Genuchten θ(h)-C(h) function for every data-set. The new function also provided accurate and physically realistic representations of θ(h) and C(h) data from structured soils containing macropores and strongly graded pore size distributions. It was concluded that the Extended Schnute model is capable of providing accurate and physically realistic representations for a wide range of θ(h) and C(h) data, and it was further recommended that this model be considered over other models when measurements indicate that θ(h) is convex-monotonic in shape and/or C(h) is not zero at soil saturation.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45435517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Land use in the Prairie Pothole Region influences the soil bacterial community composition and relative abundance of nitrogen cycling genes. 草原坑区土地利用方式影响土壤细菌群落组成和氮循环基因相对丰度。

IF 1.7 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2023-05-02 DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2022-0121

J. Town, Min Yu, R. Lemke, B. Helgason

{"title":"Land use in the Prairie Pothole Region influences the soil bacterial community composition and relative abundance of nitrogen cycling genes.","authors":"J. Town, Min Yu, R. Lemke, B. Helgason","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2022-0121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2022-0121","url":null,"abstract":"The undulating topography of Prairie Pothole Region of North America creates spatial and temporal variability in soil moisture and nutrient levels, affecting microbial community processes and GHG emissions. By identifying differences in soil bacterial and archaeal community composition and the abundance of nitrogen cycling genes in permanent cover vs. annual crop land over two growing seasons (2017 and 2018), we were able to assess the effects of topography and land use on the functional capacity of the soil microbiome. Permanent grassland cover was associated with higher bacterial diversity in upland positions and lower diversity in low lying depressions. Bacterial community composition was also significantly different between cultivated and permanent cover at all points along the topographic slope, with the largest effects seen in the footslope and backslope positions. Compared to permanent cover, soil from annual cropland had consistently more abundant nitrifiers, including Nitrospira in the toeslope and backslope, and Nitrososphaeraceae in the shoulder and knoll samples while soils from permanent cover had a greater abundance of several Alphaproteobacteria from Rhodospirillales and Hyphomicrobiaceae across multiple upland positions. Upland soils from annual cropland also had consistently higher abundance of both bacterial and archaeal ammonia oxidizing (amoA) genes and a higher ratio of nirK:nirS genes compared to those from permanent cover. These differences in microbial community composition were associated with higher N2O and CO2 emissions in upland soils in annual cropland, however there were no differences in GHG emissions between the two systems in low lying positions.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42431894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1