Canadian Journal of Soil Science最新文献

Gamma radiation for the estimation of mineral soil water content in a boreal forest 用伽马射线估算北方森林矿质土壤的含水量

IF 1.7 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2023-0101

Mathieu Gélinas, Sylvain Jutras

{"title":"Gamma radiation for the estimation of mineral soil water content in a boreal forest","authors":"Mathieu Gélinas, Sylvain Jutras","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2023-0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2023-0101","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous monitoring of water quantities in different soil horizons is necessary to understand the behavior of infiltrated water in the soil. Under certain conditions, using measurements of natural ground gamma radiation can help us estimate soil water content measurements over a 100 m2 surface within a 15 cm depth. A CS725 sensor can provide up to four daily estimates of soil water content by detecting the natural emission of gamma radiation. However, in boreal forest environments, gamma radiation mitigated by the water in the thick humus layers (LFH horizon) can bias in the underlying mineral soil water content measurements. The objective of this research was to evaluate the accuracy of methods that incorporate variables describing the surface humus layer into calculations of the underlying mineral soil water content, by measuring the soil's natural gamma emission with the CS725. Using raw gamma radiation values obtained by CS725 sensors deployed over various boreal soils, we tested two functions. The first one included variables describing the humus layer and the other excluded these variables (manufacturer’s method). The function that included the descriptive humus layer variables showed superior results compared to the function without. The results of this study suggest that the CS725 sensor can adequately estimate mineral soil water content within ± 10% absolute of the reference water content when examined with the following humus variables: humus layer thickness, factioned composition, bulk density, and linear gamma radiation attenuation.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138962984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Soil enzyme activities in heavily manured and waterlogged soil cultivated with ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) 黑麦草（Lolium multiflorum）种植的重肥和涝害土壤中的土壤酶活性

IF 1.7 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2023-0097

Thidarat Rupngam, A. Messiga, Antoine Karam

{"title":"Soil enzyme activities in heavily manured and waterlogged soil cultivated with ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)","authors":"Thidarat Rupngam, A. Messiga, Antoine Karam","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2023-0097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2023-0097","url":null,"abstract":"Extended waterlogging (WL) conditions can alter soil enzyme activities and their role in maintaining healthy soils. We assessed the effects of soil moisture regimes (field capacity (FC) and WL) and phosphorus (P) rates (0, 15, 30, 45 kg available P ha–1) on (i) soil enzymes and microbial biomass carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN), and P (MBP), and (ii) dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN). The treatments were tested in a four–month greenhouse experiment using intact soil columns under annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). Waterlogging decreased the activity of β–glucosidase and acid phosphomonoesterase, but increased N–acetyl–β–glucosaminidase in soils. These changes were associated with changes in MBC, DOC, TDN, but not MBP. Anoxic conditions in WL soil promote the activity of anaerobes and contribute to the reduction of Fe oxyhydroxides and the release of DOC, TDN, and P in the soil solution. The activity of the extracellular enzymes decreased in WL with additions of slurry indicating adequate supply of C, N, and P. Our results also showed that both enzyme activities and microbial biomass were restricted in the upper soil layer with limited downward movement along the soil profile. We can conclude that since these enzymes control the hydrolysis of cellulose, phosphomonoester, and chitin, respectively, soil moisture influences the direction and magnitude of C, N, and P in manured and waterlogged soil cultivated with ryegrass.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"36 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138999083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Self-adjusting Parametric Model for Attenuation Characteristics of WUSN Signal 针对 WUSN 信号衰减特性的自调整参数模型

IF 1.7 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2022-0105

Jiawei Zhang, Yonghao Xie, Mingze Yuan, Ming-Bao Li

{"title":"A Self-adjusting Parametric Model for Attenuation Characteristics of WUSN Signal","authors":"Jiawei Zhang, Yonghao Xie, Mingze Yuan, Ming-Bao Li","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2022-0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2022-0105","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless Underground Sensor Network (WUSN) is gradually applied to smart agriculture for soil information collection and monitoring of crop growth environment. WUSN can avoid the inconvenience caused by tillage and other machine operation activities on farmland, and obtains multi-level and multi-dimensional parameters in the underground soil environment, which is crucial for soil moisture monitoring of crops. However, WUSN has no universally applicable transmission protocol standards in the field. Therefore, the research of different soil compositions on the placement of wireless sensor network nodes can provide scientific guidance to obtain soil moisture information of agricultural fields, it is important for the development of precision agriculture. In this paper, a low-power WUSN nodes was designed, based on modified Frisian transmission model and the complex refractive index Fresnel model, we proposed an adaptive optimization model, and also proposed an improved Genetic Algorithm, which is automatically adjust fusion parameter according to soil and distance factors, it made the prediction of signal attenuation under different soil components more accurately. We used the adaptive optimized model for signal prediction, comparing with the modified Friis prediction model and the complex refractive index Fresnel prediction model, the results shown that the proposed adaptive optimization model with automatic parameter is convenient to predict the signal attenuation, the adaptive optimization model made the prediction error stay really low. In order to compare with other sensors in the soil environment, the temperature of the distributed fiber optic temperature sensor was tested, which predicted by the adaptive model. The result shown that the adaptive model is more favorable to the prediction of signal attenuation in WUSN than distributed fiber optic temperature sensors.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139008095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parameter calibration of discrete element simulation for the interaction between heavy soil and soil-engaging components in shellfish culture 贝类养殖中重质土壤与土壤参与成分相互作用的离散元模拟参数校准

IF 1.7 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2023-0045

Bing Huang, Hong Pan, Xiao-Meng Wang, Yong-Ren Li, Tao Zhang, Shi-De Li, Yong-Cheng Jiang, Fan-Zhen Wang

{"title":"Parameter calibration of discrete element simulation for the interaction between heavy soil and soil-engaging components in shellfish culture","authors":"Bing Huang, Hong Pan, Xiao-Meng Wang, Yong-Ren Li, Tao Zhang, Shi-De Li, Yong-Cheng Jiang, Fan-Zhen Wang","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2023-0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2023-0045","url":null,"abstract":"Shellfish culture heavy soils are suitable for the cultivation of marine organisms and are essential for the development of marine fisheries. To study both the interaction between heavy soil particles and that between the soil and soil-engaging components of agricultural machinery in shellfish culture, the simulation parameters in the model were determined. To study the interaction between soil particles in the viscous soil of shellfish culture with moisture content of 26.51% ± 1%. Discrete element method is used to establish the accumulation simulation experiment; the contact parameters between soil particles were calibrated. The response surface optimization technique was used to create the accumulation angle regression model. To study the interaction between the soil and soil-engaging components, the static friction coefficient between the heavy soil and soil-engaging components was determined by static friction experiment. The contact parameters between the soil and soil-engaging components were calibrated by the slope simulation experiment; the rolling distance regression model was established by response surface optimization methodology. The findings demonstrate that the optimized soil model can simulate the actual soil, and reflect the interaction between the heavy soil particles, soil, and the soil-engaging components of agricultural machinery, which not only provides a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of soil-engaging components of agricultural machinery in heavy soil, but also provides a new way for the research and development of agricultural machinery in a complex environment.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"6 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138584346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Loss of potentially toxic elements to snowmelt runoff from soils amended with alum, gypsum, and Epsom salt. 用明矾、石膏和泻盐改良土壤后，融雪径流中潜在有毒元素的流失。

IF 1.7 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2023-12-07 DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2023-0073

S. Indraratne, I. Amarakoon, D. Kumaragamage, Ahmed A. Lasisi, Doug Goltz, Nora J. Casson

{"title":"Loss of potentially toxic elements to snowmelt runoff from soils amended with alum, gypsum, and Epsom salt.","authors":"S. Indraratne, I. Amarakoon, D. Kumaragamage, Ahmed A. Lasisi, Doug Goltz, Nora J. Casson","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2023-0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2023-0073","url":null,"abstract":"Soil amendment effects on the mobility of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) have been hardly investigated under snowmelt flooding conditions. This research quantifies and compares the loadings of arsenic (As), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn) to snowmelt from unamended, alum-, gypsum-, and Epsom salt-amended soils from a manured and a non-manured agricultural field. In the fall of 2020, amendments were surface applied at a rate of 2.5 Mg ha-1 to field plots with four replicates. Runoff boxes were installed at the plots’ edge to collect winter snow. In the spring of 2021, the snowmelt in each box was pumped out, and volume was recorded until all snow in the boxes had melted. Concentrations of PTE and other cations and pH were measured in a subsample of the snowmelt. The snowmelt from the manured field had higher Ni, Se, and V loads than from the non-manured field. There were no significant differences in snowmelt PTE loads between the amended soils and the unamended controls at each field. Although not statistically significant, the Epsom salt-amended treatment resulted in a 75% reduction in Se loading and a 44% reduction in V loading, while the gypsum-amended treatment showed a 38% reduction in Ni loading compared to the unamended treatment in the manured soil. Overall, our findings from a single season using both manured and non-manured fields suggest that alum, gypsum, and Epsom salt additions did not significantly alter the mobility of the studied PTEs during the spring snowmelt period.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"24 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138594268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tillage effects on growing season nitrous oxide emissions in Canadian cropland soils 耕作对加拿大农田土壤生长季氧化亚氮排放的影响

IF 1.7 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2023-0075

D. Pelster, Jean-Pascal Matteau, Richard E Farrell, Guillermo Hernandez-Ramirez

引用次数: 0

Degree of compaction, aeration, and soil water retention indices of a sugarcane field without soil disturbance after initial tillage 初耕后未扰动土壤的甘蔗田的压实度、通气性和土壤保水指数

IF 1.7 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2022-0066

G. O. Awe, E. Fontanela, J. M. Reichert

{"title":"Degree of compaction, aeration, and soil water retention indices of a sugarcane field without soil disturbance after initial tillage","authors":"G. O. Awe, E. Fontanela, J. M. Reichert","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2022-0066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2022-0066","url":null,"abstract":"Soil compaction after initial soil tillage for crop establishment has been a major problem in crop fields because of its deleterious effects on soil functioning and crop performance. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the degree of compaction, soil air capacity, near-surface optimum ratios and water retention characteristics in a sandy loam, Dystrophic Paleudalf initially under different tillage methods for sugarcane crop but without tillage for two seasons in southern Brazil. Initial soil tillage systems consisted of NT: no-tillage; NTC: compacted no-tillage; CT: conventional tillage; and Ch: chiseling of no-tillage. Disturbed and undisturbed soil was sampled from 0 - 10, 10 - 20, 20 - 40 and 40 - 60 cm layers to determine degree of compaction, air capacity, near-surface optimum ratios, soil water retention characteristics, and soil physical quality index S. At initial, NT treatment had the significantly (p < 0.05) lowest degree of compaction (87%), highest soil air capacity (0.104 cm3 cm-3), air capacity/total porosity ratio (0.261) and better water retention characteristics in the surface layer. Over time, Ch had improved the structure of the subsurface soil layers with lowest degree of compaction (≈ 88%) and highest air capacity (≈ 0.140 cm3 cm-3) while the measured indices were poor in NTC. Irrespective of tillage, the surface layer showed resilience during the years without soil disturbance with low degree of compaction, increased water retention and air capacity. No-tillage could be a good soil management option for sugarcane production while mechanical chiseling is advocated for ameliorating compacted soils.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"33 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139241821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Responses of maize root morphology and soil available nutrient to fertilizer types in a coal mine reclamation area 煤矿复垦区玉米根系形态和土壤可利用养分对肥料类型的响应

IF 1.7 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2023-11-21 DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2023-0054

Bo Huijuan, Minggang Xu, Dongsheng Jin, Zhang Qiang

引用次数: 0

Response to side-banded phosphorus and zinc fertilizer for corn grown after canola or soybean in southern Manitoba 曼尼托巴省南部油菜或大豆后玉米对侧带状磷锌肥的响应

4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2023-0051

Magdalena Rogalsky, Kevin Tiessen, Donald N. Flaten, Yvonne Lawley, Mario Tenuta, John Heard

{"title":"Response to side-banded phosphorus and zinc fertilizer for corn grown after canola or soybean in southern Manitoba","authors":"Magdalena Rogalsky, Kevin Tiessen, Donald N. Flaten, Yvonne Lawley, Mario Tenuta, John Heard","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2023-0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2023-0051","url":null,"abstract":"A two-year crop rotation study in southern Manitoba assessed the effects of starter fertilizer on grain corn (Zea mays L.) production when corn followed canola (Brassica napus L.) versus soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.). Treatments included a control (no starter) and two rates of phosphorus (P) (30 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1) as monoammonium phosphate (MAP, 11-52-0) or MicroEssentials® SZ (MESZn, 12-40-0-10-1) side-banded at planting. The preceding crop did not have any influence on mycorrhizal colonization of corn roots at V4 corn growth stage. However, side-banded fertilizer increased early-season biomass by as much as 111% compared to the unfertilized control, with the largest increases occurring where corn followed canola. Phosphorus concentration and uptake in early-season biomass increased as the P rate increased. Zinc (Zn) concentrations in early-season biomass were greatest for the unfertilized control and MESZn treatments, while Zn uptake was significantly greater with the application of starter fertilizer compared to the unfertilized control. Starter P advanced silking date by 2 to 7 days relative to the unfertilized control. At maturity, starter P reduced grain moisture by 21 to 27 g kg-1 in corn, only after canola. The high rate of MAP increased grain yield by an average of 770 kg ha-1 compared to the unfertilized control, regardless of the preceding crop. The negative influence of the preceding canola crop on early-season growth and mid-season development of corn can be managed with starter fertilization, to provide adequate P and Zn to the corn crop and maintain successful production in Manitoba.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"1 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134957703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Crop yields under no-till in Canada: Implications for soil organic carbon change 加拿大免耕作物产量:对土壤有机碳变化的影响

4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2023-0061

Bert VandenBygaart, B. Chang Liang

{"title":"Crop yields under no-till in Canada: Implications for soil organic carbon change","authors":"Bert VandenBygaart, B. Chang Liang","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2023-0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2023-0061","url":null,"abstract":"Crop yields directly affect carbon inputs into soils. Tillage management can influence crop performance, and should be considered when quantifying soil organic carbon change (SOC), and thus net greenhouse gas emissions from croplands for national inventory reporting. We conducted a meta-analysis of the effects of no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) on crop yields for multiple crop species, soil types and climatic regions of Canada. Yield response to NT varied between Western and Eastern Canada. Regardless of crop type, experiment duration, soil texture and residue management, experiments in Eastern Canada showed an average of 6% lower yields (p ≤ 0.005) under NT compared to CT. In Western Canada, crop type had an important effect on yields between NT and CT with wheat, canola and legumes exhibiting 10% (p ≤ 0.001), 7% (p ≤ 0.05) and 9% (p ≤ 0.05) higher yields on average under NT compared to CT, respectively. In Western Canada higher yields would be reflected in a similar scale of higher carbon inputs to NT systems. A recent meta-analysis of the effects of tillage management on SOC in Canada showed an 8% higher storage of SOC under NT systems, compared to CT, a difference limited to Western Canadian soils. Incorporating the effect of tillage on carbon inputs will lead to improvements in the accuracy of the effects of tillage management on SOC change in Canadian cropland. The activity data can be improved by applying weightings to the yield data by site specific assessment of tillage practices across Canada","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"6 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135266692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0