Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis最新文献

{"title":"Scaphoid fracture non-union: a systematic review of the arthroscopic management.","authors":"Morena Anna Basso, Francesco Smeraglia, Montserrat Ocampos-Hernandez, Giovanni Balato, Alessio Bernasconi, Fernando Corella-Montoya","doi":"10.23750/abm.v94i5.14646","DOIUrl":"10.23750/abm.v94i5.14646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>There is no consensus regarding the most appropriate treatment of scaphoid nonunion. This systematic review aimed to investigate whether wrist arthroscopy exerts a positive influence on bone union and clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched the literature on Medline (PubMed), Web of Science, Embase and Scopus databases using the combined keywords \"scaphoid\" AND \"arthroscopy\" AND \"pseudoarthrosis\" OR \"nonunion\". Eighteen studies were finally included in our review. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Coleman Methodological Score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our systematic review has shown that arthroscopic management of scaphoid nonunion achieves a high rate of union and satisfactory clinical outcomes with minimal complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is need to perform randomized controlled trials reporting on the use of arthroscopy. In addition, the different pattern of pseudoarthrosis should be better classified to manage the patients who will benefit after the management.</p>","PeriodicalId":93849,"journal":{"name":"Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis","volume":"94 5","pages":"e2023194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10644916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41242029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using \"functional hand\" protocol to improve hand function following a spinal cord injury: an explorative study.","authors":"Gianluca Ciardi, Gianfranco Lamberti, Martina Avanzi","doi":"10.23750/abm.v94i5.14408","DOIUrl":"10.23750/abm.v94i5.14408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim of the work: </strong>A cervical spinal cord injury often affects hand control, causing ineffective grasping and handling functions, with a negative impact on patient's independence and quality of life. Literature recognises scientific evidence only for surgical or instrumental re-education approaches. The purpose of this study is to present the \"functional hand\" protocol, a physiotherapy tool that, to date, represents a good clinical practice but has no supporting literature.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>a longitudinal-single cohort study was conducted at Spinal Unit- Azienda Usl Piacenza. Patients with spinal cord injury at C5-C7 neurologic level, older than 18 years, with correct comprehension of Italian language were recruited. All patients were evaluated with Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) scale to state hand functionality; positive/negative history of Functional Hand protocol was deducted by physiotherapy discharge letters on first spinal unit hospitalisation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>six patients were involved in the study; three of them had a positive history of protocol application. ARAT scores differences showed that patients who underwent functional hand protocol had a lower impairment, a better ability to produce cylindrical and cuboid sockets.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Functional hand protocol reached a preliminary evidence as effective tool to improve hand recovery in tetraplegic patients; future studies should confirm these conclusions on larger samples, and verify protocol effectiveness in addition to other treatment strategies (functional electric stimulation/ transcranial direct current stimulation/robotic assisted therapy).</p>","PeriodicalId":93849,"journal":{"name":"Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis","volume":"94 5","pages":"e2023255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10644936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41242031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Customized cutoff limits for the sediMAX-2 automated analyzer reduce the number of urine culture tests.","authors":"Davide Ferrari, Mladen Trbos, Matteo Vidali, Massimo Locatelli","doi":"10.23750/abm.v94i5.14951","DOIUrl":"10.23750/abm.v94i5.14951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Urinary tract infections are highly prevalent in nosocomial and community settings. Their diagnosis, although costly and time-consuming, is crucial to avoid inappropriate treatments and/or clinical complications. In this context, automated analyzers have been developed and commercialized to screen and rule out negative urine samples. Adjustments of the manufacturers' suggested cutoff values might lead to substantial diagnostic and economic advantages.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 776 urine samples from different individuals. 546 samples (training group) were used to optimize develop new cutoffs values. The remaining 230 samples (validation group) were used to validate the optimized cutoffs. All samples were subjected to urine culture, 17% resulted positive. Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis were the two most frequently identified bacteria, 95 and 9 samples, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two different cutoffs levels were obtained. Cutoff-A (bacteria>110 and/or white blood cells> 15 cell/µL), showed the same sensitivity of the manufacturers' suggested cutoff, yet leads to a large reduction of the samples to be cultured. Cutoff-B (bacteria>50 and/or white blood cells>20 cell/µL), showed an almost 100% sensitivity by subjecting only ~70% of the samples to urine culture.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cutoff-A is a good compromise between sensitivity and specificity yet allowing economic advantages by reducing the number of urinary cultures. Cutoff-B relegates urinary tract infection misdiagnosis to a rare event without the need of culturing the entire batch of samples. We believe that clinical implementation of the proposed cutoffs will help other laboratories, using similar instrumentation, to reach their most convenient balance between sensitivity and economical needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":93849,"journal":{"name":"Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis","volume":"94 5","pages":"e2023192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10644934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41242012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission still a current problem? A case report on a diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infection with a positive sample of urines.","authors":"Pier Luigi Bacchini, Antonino Sammartano, Piera Manfredi, Maria Luisa Bidetti, Monica Malpeli, Magda Magliani, Fabio Maradini, Luigi Ippolito","doi":"10.23750/abm.v94i5.14864","DOIUrl":"10.23750/abm.v94i5.14864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Current data suggest little to no possibility of original COVID-19 transmission in pregnant women to the fetus during pregnancy or childbirth. Warning with Omicron new variants has decreased.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A clinical case of a SARS-CoV-2 virus transplacental infection of a newborn, born at the end of 2022, from a mother who tested positive for Sars-covid-2 and positive IgM SARS-CoV-2 anti-virus. The newborn tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 12 hours after birth, and was clinically symptomatic after three days, an increase in IgM antibodies was not found, although the virus was identified in the urine samples through molecular tests. The insufficient time to determine the presence of antibodies and the immune system's state of immaturity can explain the lack of IgM in the newborn's blood at 14 days after birth.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Omicron SARS-CoV-2 keeps provoking infections among newborns, especially if the mother contracts it during the third trimester. The host response is most likely influenced by the newborn's peculiar state of immune immaturity. Just before birth, a positive nasal swab and the presence of a positive urine examination confirmed the diagnosis of intraplacental exposure. Research on the virus through molecular tests of urines can represent an additional technique when an aetiological framework of the infection is necessary and a distinction between congenital and post-natal forms.</p>","PeriodicalId":93849,"journal":{"name":"Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis","volume":"94 5","pages":"e2023234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10644935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41242020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of excess weight on glucose homeostasis in young adult females with β-thalassemia major (β-TM): a preliminary retrospective study.","authors":"Vincenzo De Sanctis, Shahina Daar, Ashraf T Soliman, Ploutarchos Tzoulis, Mohamed Yassin, Christos Kattamis","doi":"10.23750/abm.v94i6.14909","DOIUrl":"10.23750/abm.v94i6.14909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With the rising prevalence of obesity worldwide, it is becoming imperative to detect disturbed glucose metabolism as early as possible in order to prevent type 2 diabetes (T2D) development.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>The present retrospective observational study aimed to evaluate the relationship between BMI and glucose metabolism, insulin secretion and sensitivity indices, derived from glucose tolerance test (OGTT), in β -TM female patients who were overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2) and follow its outcome over time.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>Eleven overweight and 11 females with ideal weight and β -TM, matched for age, were recruited. OGTT was undertaken and different indices for β-cell function, insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At first evaluation, 7 of 11 overweight β -TM patients (63.6%) and 3 of 11 normal weight β-TM patients (27.2%) had glucose dysregulation (GD) during OGTT. Overweight patients with β-TM had increased HOMA-IR and QUICKI indices associated with decreased Matsuda WBISI index. The mean ± SD duration of follow-up was 4.5 ± 1.2 years. At last observation, 2/11 overweight patients had developed T2D (18.1%). In patients with normal weight, GD increased from 3/11 (27.2%) to 5/11 (45.4%), but none developed T2DM. The difference between SF at first and last observation (1,220 ± 702 vs.1,091 ± 454 ng/mL; P: 0.61) was not significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overweight seems to be an additional risk factor for the development of GD in β-TM patients. This is particularly important in clinical practice, due to the lack of appropriate guidelines dedicated to this group of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":93849,"journal":{"name":"Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis","volume":"94 5","pages":"e2023225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10644933/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41242030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A descriptive analysis of COVID-19 associated mortality in Parma Province: concordance between official national mortality register provided by ISTAT (National Institute of Statistics) and local ADS (Automated Data System) real-time surveillance flow.","authors":"Rosanna Giordano,&nbsp;Elisa Mariani,&nbsp;Giulia Paini,&nbsp;Licia Veronesi","doi":"10.23750/abm.v94iS3.14395","DOIUrl":"10.23750/abm.v94iS3.14395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The Public Health Department of the Parma Local Health Authority (AUSL) has implemented a computerized system called ADS (Automated Data System) to collect data on COVID-19 cases and related deaths, as required by the Emilia-Romagna Region and the Italian Ministry of Health, to improve the daily flow of real-time information. However, official mortality data for all causes was collected even from the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) through death forms that were completed by certifying doctors in each municipality. This analysis aims to verify the agreement between the data collected by ISTAT and the data collected by ADS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study period went from January 1st to December 31st, 2021. The population under observation consisted of residents in the province of Parma who died due to COVID-19, as identified through the ISTAT and/or ADS data flow.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2021, a total of 448 deaths due to COVID-19 were reported in the Parma Province, with a median age of 83 years. The ADS system identified 408 of these deaths, whereas ISTAT certified only 347. Three hundred and seven deaths were identified by both flows.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The survey suggests that the ADS surveillance system may have overestimated the COVID-19 mortality data compared to the ISTAT flow. The ADS has been valuable in the immediate response to emergencies, providing a more sensitive system that prioritizes the precautionary principle and enables decisions aimed at minimizing risks for vulnerable populations. However, it is not recommended for routine surveillance, as it is less reliable compared to the ISTAT flow.</p>","PeriodicalId":93849,"journal":{"name":"Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis","volume":"94 S3","pages":"e2023212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41179855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case series study of nosocomial Legionnaires’ disease in Apulia region (southern Italy): The role of different molecular methods in identifying the infection source","authors":"Osvalda De Giglio,&nbsp;Marilena D'Ambrosio,&nbsp;Carla Calia,&nbsp;Valentina Spagnuolo,&nbsp;Marta Oliva,&nbsp;Marco Lopuzzo,&nbsp;Francesca Apollonio,&nbsp;Francesco Triggiano,&nbsp;Giusy Diella,&nbsp;Maria Scaturro,&nbsp;Maria Luisa Ricci,&nbsp;Maria Elena Caringella,&nbsp;Carla Maria Leone,&nbsp;Federica Romanelli,&nbsp;Stefania Stolfa,&nbsp;Adriana Mosca,&nbsp;Carlo Pazzani,&nbsp;Maria Teresa Montagna","doi":"10.23750/abm.v94iS3.15048","DOIUrl":"10.23750/abm.v94iS3.15048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Legionnaires' disease is a severe form of pneumonia caused by the inhalation or aspiration of water droplets contaminated with Legionella pneumophila and other Legionella species. These bacteria are commonly found in natural habitats and man-made water systems. Legionnaires' disease is a significant public health problem, especially in healthcare settings where patients may be exposed to contaminated environmental sources. Nosocomial outbreaks have been reported worldwide, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates, and increased healthcare costs. This study aimed to compare, the clonal relationship of clinical L. pneumophila strains from two different hospitals with L. pneumophila strains isolated from the water supply.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the period from 2019 to 2021, clinical and environmental strains involved in three cases of legionellosis were compared by means of pulsed field gel electrophoresis and sequence based typing techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings highlight the persistence of clonally distinct strains within each hospital examined. Furthermore, the L. pneumophila strains detected from hospital environmental sources were related to the clinical strains isolated, demonstrating the nosocomial origin of these cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Therefore, it is important to implement more accurate surveillance systems both for epidemiological studies and to check the effectiveness of remediation procedures. (www.actabiomedica.it).</p>","PeriodicalId":93849,"journal":{"name":"Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis","volume":"94 S3","pages":"e2023217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41169931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) and Lifestyle Medicine (LM) for support and care of patients with type II diabetes in the COVID-19 era: a cross-observational study.","authors":"Giovanni Cangelosi,&nbsp;Iolanda Grappasonni,&nbsp;Cuc Thi Thu Nguyen,&nbsp;Mattia Acito,&nbsp;Paola Pantanetti,&nbsp;Andrea Benni,&nbsp;Fabio Petrelli","doi":"10.23750/abm.v94iS3.14406","DOIUrl":"10.23750/abm.v94iS3.14406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diabetes affects 425 million people worldwide (range 20-79 years). Of these, between 87% and 91% are affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), and 79% live in medium/low income countries.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>the main objective of the study was to observe, through the administration of specific questionnaires, the relationship existing between metabolic clinical parameters, quality of life of patients with DM2 and adherence to the MedDiet at first access to Diabetes Center in the period after the COVID-19 pandemic. The secondary objective was to observe the results obtained both qualitatively and quantitatively.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>the study was a cross-sectional study. Two types of questionnaires were administered; the first (Medi-Lite) that expresses with specific score the level of \"Mediterraneanness\" diet while the second concerns the assessment of the SF-36 quality of life. Quantitative data such as biochemical and anthropometric parameters were collected and, through multiple regression, based on the method of least squares (OLS Model) and through the Gretl open source software were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>fifty-two of the 90 patients at first access to the recruiting center in the period considered, met the inclusion criteria and and written consent. None of the estimated coefficients was statistically significant except Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), with a p-value < 0.0466. With an improvement in the level of \"Mediterraneanness\" there is a favorable relationship regarding creatinine, High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), DBP and glycemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The necessary post-COVID-19 territorial management cannot fail to take into consideration this new method of care which puts the patient and the community to which they belong at the center of the complex process of assistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":93849,"journal":{"name":"Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis","volume":"94 S3","pages":"e2023189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergency Department waiting-time in the post pandemic era: new organizational models, a challenge for the future.","authors":"Giuseppe Stirparo,&nbsp;Erika Kacerik,&nbsp;Aida Andreassi,&nbsp;Paolo Pausilli,&nbsp;Francesca Cortellaro,&nbsp;Anna Coppo,&nbsp;Maurizio Migliari,&nbsp;Andrea Albonico,&nbsp;Giuseppe Maria Sechi,&nbsp;Alberto Zoli,&nbsp;Carlo Signorelli","doi":"10.23750/abm.v94iS3.14262","DOIUrl":"10.23750/abm.v94iS3.14262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Covid-19 has profoundly changed the Emergency Department system in Lombardy, especially for the type of accesses and the number of diagnoses. Accordingly, the pre-hospital rescue system has undergone heavy changes, in particular regarding the times of rescue. Despite this, studies concerning the post-pandemic phase are lacking to understand whether the conditions of the emergency systems has resumed to the pre-pandemic period. The aim of the study is to evaluate the length of stay (LOS) phenomenon in the emergency departments (EDs) in the post-pandemic era.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>a retrospective observational study was conducted, which analyzed the first six months of the years 2019, 2021 and 2022. The pandemic peak phase, corresponding to the first months of 2020, wasn't included. The investigated area included the provinces of Milan and Monza, a metropolitan area with 4 million inhabitants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average time spent by patients in the ED increased by +3.8 hours in 2022 and by +1.3 hours in 2021 compared to 2019. The average time from ED access to hospitalization also increased by +4.8 hours in 2022 and +5.0 hours in 2021 compared to 2019. The percentage of time in ED recorded in a National Emergency Department Overcrowding Study (NEDOCS) in black code in 2022 reached 5.4% against 1.7% in 2021 and 0.5 % in 2019.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>data show an increase in the time spent in the EDs and an increase in the overcrowding, according to the NEDOCS index. New management models and a reorganization of EDs are needed as the workload has increased significantly.</p>","PeriodicalId":93849,"journal":{"name":"Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis","volume":"94 S3","pages":"e2023122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41159992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between mandatory vaccination and the COVID-19 pandemic: effects on the vaccination coverage trend in a province of Southern Italy.","authors":"Cristina Genovese,&nbsp;Giuseppe Pantò,&nbsp;Isabella La Spina,&nbsp;Paola Tripodi,&nbsp;Smeralda D'Amato,&nbsp;Alessio Facciolà,&nbsp;Vincenza La Fauci,&nbsp;Raffaele Squeri","doi":"10.23750/abm.v94iS3.14151","DOIUrl":"10.23750/abm.v94iS3.14151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Although vaccination is considered an extraordinarily effective and safe tool for the prevention of infectious diseases, from 2013 to 2016 CVs at national level showed a downward trend, falling well below the 95% threshold recommended by the WHO to limit the circulation of viruses and bacteria in the community and to obtain the so-called herd effect in addition to the protection of individual vaccinated individuals. The aim of the study was to assess vaccination coverage data following the introduction of Law 119/2017 and in like to COVID-19 pandemic the impact on vaccination coverage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted from 1 October 2019 to 1 October 2022, using the OnVac programme.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis of the coverage rates of hexavalent vaccination during the entire study period shows that there was an increase in vaccinations during the two-year period 2020-2021, followed by a drastic decrease down to values below 95%. where variable coverage was noted between the two genders with higher percentages in the female sex. Contrary to expectations, 2021 did not allow the recovery of the defaulting cohorts, with a drop in coverage much higher than in previous years (with values approaching the values of 2008), not only for polio, diphtheria and tetanus, but also for measles, mumps, rubella, chicken pox and HPV, effectively getting worse over the previous decade.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>immunization challenges need to be addressed to ensure that every child, adolescent or patient at risk is immunized, especially but not only for COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":93849,"journal":{"name":"Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis","volume":"94 S3","pages":"e2023211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41174008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}