ACS ES&T waterPub Date : 2025-04-09DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.5c0011610.1021/acsestwater.5c00116
Edgardo I. Valenzuela*, Axel A. Vicenté-Rodríguez, Gerardo I. Puga-Godínez, Saret de la Cruz-Lagunes, Valeria F. Mondragón and Pabel Cervantes-Avilés*,
{"title":"From Waste to Value: A Circular Approach for the Sustainable Recovery of Resources from Maize Lime-Cooking Wastewater","authors":"Edgardo I. Valenzuela*, Axel A. Vicenté-Rodríguez, Gerardo I. Puga-Godínez, Saret de la Cruz-Lagunes, Valeria F. Mondragón and Pabel Cervantes-Avilés*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.5c0011610.1021/acsestwater.5c00116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c00116https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c00116","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Maize lime-cooking wastewater (MLCWW), a Ca<sup>2+</sup>-rich, high-strength effluent from maize-processing industries, poses treatment challenges due to its complex composition. This study applied a sustainable, sequential approach to recover mineral (nanohydroxyapatite, nHAp), energetic (CH<sub>4</sub>), and hydric (treated water) resources from MLCWW. About 72% of residual Ca<sup>2+</sup> was removed as nHAp (∼11.5 g/L), with potential biomedical applications due to its size (<50 nm), surface area (∼45 to 70 m<sup>2</sup>/g) BET, and morphology (rod-like). Ca<sup>2+</sup>-depleted MLCWW presented an improved biodegradability index (∼0.27), enhancing anaerobic digestion, which achieved maximum CH<sub>4</sub> production rates of 5.1 ± 0.2 mL CH<sub>4</sub>/h and soluble COD (COD<sub>sol</sub>) removal of 17.0 ± 2.6 mgO<sub>2</sub>/L·h. Further treatment by microalgae-bacteria processes achieved N depletion as well as enabled satisfactory P elimination. Furthermore, the treated effluent reached non detectable of Ca<sup>2+</sup> (≤0.05 mg/L), volatile solids (≤0.1 mg/L), as well as low levels of total COD (∼0.42 gO<sub>2</sub>/L, 97% removal). Cost analyses revealed that nHAp could offset 40% or more of MLCWW treatment costs, with potential profits of 19.5 to 137.2 USD/L MLCWW treated. This study highlights how resource recovery and green chemistry principles can transform MLCWW treatment into a sustainable and economically viable solution.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 5","pages":"2556–2567 2556–2567"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS ES&T waterPub Date : 2025-04-08DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.4c0120710.1021/acsestwater.4c01207
Yu Zhang, Yuan Zhuang*, Yuhao Liu* and Baoyou Shi,
{"title":"PO43– Inhibits Disinfection Byproduct Formation in Corroded Iron Drinking Water Pipes","authors":"Yu Zhang, Yuan Zhuang*, Yuhao Liu* and Baoyou Shi, ","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c0120710.1021/acsestwater.4c01207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c01207https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c01207","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In the drinking water pipeline, PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3–</sup> and iron particles will inevitably coexist, but their effects on water quality are not fully clear. Here, PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3–</sup> was shown to inhibit the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in ductile cast iron pipe (decreases of 8.7%–29.8%). The inhibition effects were proved to be related to particle structure changes induced by PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3–</sup>. The PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3–</sup> influenced particles had lower roughness, smaller particle size, and a larger amount of negative charge. In the beaker without iron, the concentration of PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3–</sup> remained nearly consistent with the initial concentration, oscillating around 1.5 mg/L, whereas the PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3–</sup> concentration in the group containing Fe(II) exhibited a notable decline, reaching 1.28 mg/L. Thus, PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3–</sup> did not play a direct role in the formation of DBPs, but modulated the physicochemical behavior of water and the characteristics of particles. Therefore, when iron corrosion occurs in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs), PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3–</sup> has the ability to inhibit the formation of DBPs, but other water quality issues should be considered at the same time. This study not only explains how PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3–</sup> affects the formation of DBPs in DWDSs, but also provides new thinking on how to control the risk of DBP exposure in DWDSs, which is worthy of further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 5","pages":"2300–2309 2300–2309"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS ES&T waterPub Date : 2025-04-07DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.4c0091910.1021/acsestwater.4c00919
Soroosh Mortazavian*, Jennifer Hooper, Ibrahim Abusallout and Ron Hofmann,
{"title":"Granular Activated Carbon for PFAS Removal in Municipal Wastewater: A Rapid Small-Scale Column Test Study","authors":"Soroosh Mortazavian*, Jennifer Hooper, Ibrahim Abusallout and Ron Hofmann, ","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c0091910.1021/acsestwater.4c00919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00919https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00919","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study evaluated the effectiveness and economic viability of granular activated carbon (GAC) as a final treatment step for PFAS removal in municipal wastewater treatment. Rapid small-scale column tests (RSSCTs) were performed on postdisinfected wastewater effluents collected from two full-scale facilities spiked with ∼200 ng/L of PFOA, PFOS, PFHxA, and PFHxS to investigate their breakthrough for two types of GAC and a commercial biochar. Results demonstrated that the biochar was ineffective for these PFAS. PFHxA was the least well-adsorbed, with the other three PFAS breaking through after longer service times in the range of 1 order of magnitude. A cost estimate was evaluated for a municipal wastewater treatment facility implementing a postdisinfection GAC treatment system for 50% removal of PFOA and PFOS with an initial concentration of 200 ng/L. The 30-year amortized capital and O&M costs were estimated to be between $900 and $1400 USD per million gallons of water treated. For perspective, this represents a 60% increase to the estimated current costs for the City of Toronto to handle its wastewater. Thus, treatment strategies focusing on the control of upstream PFAS emission or PFAS removal from concentrated streams within the plant may be a more feasible method for PFAS control.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 5","pages":"2145–2154 2145–2154"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS ES&T waterPub Date : 2025-04-07DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.4c0072610.1021/acsestwater.4c00726
Anju Pilakka Veedu, Kazunori Nakashima*, Takahiro Sato, Ami Sasabe, Keita Suzuki, Chikara Takano and Satoru Kawasaki,
{"title":"Mussel Adhesive Protein-Assisted Magnetic Recovery of Microplastics from Aquatic Environments","authors":"Anju Pilakka Veedu, Kazunori Nakashima*, Takahiro Sato, Ami Sasabe, Keita Suzuki, Chikara Takano and Satoru Kawasaki, ","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c0072610.1021/acsestwater.4c00726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00726https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00726","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Microplastic pollution poses a severe threat to aquatic environments. The development of efficient and sustainable methods for the recovery of microplastics from aquatic environments is challenging but must be achieved. Mussel adhesive proteins (MAPs) are strong underwater adhesives with a dual adhesive property that binds to both inorganic and organic surfaces. Here, we used this MAP's ability for the magnetic recovery of microplastics. We used InaKC-Fp1, which is composed of a type of MAP Fp1 and the soluble protein InaKC, connected by a cleavable site. Once Fp1 becomes free by protease-mediated cleavage, Fp1 can adhere to a variety of surfaces to form complexes with different types of materials, such as magnetite (inorganic) and plastic (organic) microparticles. Polystyrene (PS) microbeads were used as microplastic materials in this study. The controlled agglomeration of magnetite with PS beads was assessed, and the agglomerate formed underwater showed a strong interaction between the PS beads and magnetite with free Fp1. The agglomerates were separated from the water by magnetic recovery. The results of the MAP-assisted magnetic recovery of PS microbeads showed a recovery rate of 99.6%. This study lays the foundation for using Fp1 as a biocompatible, nontoxic, and environmentally friendly solution for microplastic recovery, emphasizing the novelty and significant potential of this approach for sustainable water purification strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 5","pages":"2087–2095 2087–2095"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Salinity Stress Modulates the Dynamic Co-occurrence Interactions between DOM and Microbial Community Profiles in a Typical River–Estuary–Ocean Continuum: From the Pearl River to South China Sea","authors":"Chao Zhang, Yingqiang Li, Junyu Zhu, Zhe Zhang, Yue Xie, Shuna Fu, Wanbing Zheng, Zihan Shen, Bangxing Ren, Zhenguo Chen, Haijun He*, Guang-Guo Ying, Harald Horn, Amy M. McKenna and Mingzhi Huang*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c0083210.1021/acsestwater.4c00832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00832https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00832","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The pivotal role of salinity stress in regulating the microbial-driven dissolved organic matter (DOM) transformation in river–estuary–ocean continua has consistently been overlooked. The difference in the osmotic pressure caused by the salinity fluctuations between freshwater and seawater results in the formation of distinct microbial community profiles, subsequently triggering dynamic DOM transformation. However, the complexity of the dynamic interactions poses a vital challenge in unraveling the underlying mechanisms at the molecular level. To bridge this gap, the utilization of FT-ICR MS, integrated with co-occurrence network, emerges as a potent tool. In this study, we demonstrated that, despite the major influence of urbanization on the DOM input, as characterized by spectroscopic characteristics, its impact on the transformation processes of DOM is negligible when compared to the salinity stress. In contrast, salinity can trigger similar transformation patterns of DOM among diverse microbial populations, underscoring the pivotal role of salinity. Concurrently, salinity enhances microbial transformations of DOM (e.g., higher biological index and the ratio of product to precursor), and furthermore, the gradual increase in total nitrogen with increasing salinity may be correlated with the salinity-induced suppression of denitrifying bacteria. The co-occurrence network analysis offers mechanistic insights into delineating the intricate interplay of synergism and antagonism among microbial DOM transformations under salinity conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 5","pages":"2096–2109 2096–2109"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS ES&T waterPub Date : 2025-04-07DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.5c0008310.1021/acsestwater.5c00083
Lei He, Ya-Ni Zang, Han-Jun Sun, Jie Ding, Ji-Wei Pang, Lu-Yan Zhang*, Nan-Qi Ren and Shan-Shan Yang*,
{"title":"Breaking Oxygen Dependency: Enhanced Micropollutant Degradation during Periodate-Based Catalysis under Deoxygenated Conditions","authors":"Lei He, Ya-Ni Zang, Han-Jun Sun, Jie Ding, Ji-Wei Pang, Lu-Yan Zhang*, Nan-Qi Ren and Shan-Shan Yang*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.5c0008310.1021/acsestwater.5c00083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c00083https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c00083","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The presence of organic micropollutants in water sources worldwide has highlighted the need for effective oxidation methods suitable for various specialized conditions. This study is the first to elucidate the mechanisms driving enhanced pollutant removal using a periodate (PI, IO<sub>4</sub><sup>–</sup>)-mediated system under oxygen-limited conditions. A carbonaceous catalyst was employed to activate PI, exhibiting significantly improved micropollutant degradation (sulfadiazine, SDZ) in a deoxygenated environment, achieving a degradation rate seven times faster than under aerobic conditions. Fe(IV), O<sub>2</sub><sup>•–</sup>, reactive intermediates, and electron transfer mechanisms were found to contribute to SDZ degradation, but they were not the factors behind the increased degradation efficiency under deoxygenated conditions. Crucially, the absence of oxygen enhanced degradation by eliminating competition with IO<sub>4</sub><sup>–</sup> for electrons, strengthening PI adsorption, and stabilizing the Fe–O bond, which collectively promoted PI activation. Continuous bubbling further accelerated the degradation of SDZ throughout the experiment. Additionally, this system demonstrated broad-spectrum degradation capabilities, with the catalytic activity of CWBC (carbon-based catalyst prepared with coagulation waste) restored through simple methanol treatment and minimal interference from coexisting substances in water. Overall, this study advances the understanding of PI-based advanced oxidation processes under deoxygenated conditions, broadening their potential applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 5","pages":"2521–2532 2521–2532"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS ES&T waterPub Date : 2025-04-07eCollection Date: 2025-05-09DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.4c01222
Elliot Reid, Qingquan Ma, Lan Gan, Jiahao He, Thomas Igou, Ching-Hua Huang, Yongsheng Chen
{"title":"Improving the Hydrophobicity of Powder Activated Carbon to Enhance the Adsorption Kinetics of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances.","authors":"Elliot Reid, Qingquan Ma, Lan Gan, Jiahao He, Thomas Igou, Ching-Hua Huang, Yongsheng Chen","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c01222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c01222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are difficult to treat by using conventional drinking water treatment technologies. Herein, we upgrade a commercially available powder activated carbon (PAC) via an acid wash and pyrolysis to amplify hydrophobicity and enhance PFAS adsorption. Minimal differences in overall surface area, micropore volume and area, and external surface area were observed between acid-washed and pyrolyzed PACs. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, and scanning electron microscopy evidenced ∼5% reduced oxygen content and noticeable hydrophobicity increases for the pyrolyzed PAC, without altering morphology. Adsorption isotherms of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) showed no major increases to adsorption capacity, but more rapid adsorption kinetics of PFOA and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) to the pyrolyzed PAC, in both low and high PFAS concentration tests, were revealed in both reagent water and synthetic natural organic matter, with overall greater removal values (e.g., ∼90% removal vs 60%, in water after 1 h at 2 mg/L PFOA). PFOA and PFBS adsorption behavior adhered to pseudo-second-order kinetics (<i>R</i> <sup>2</sup> = 0.843-0.992). Density functional theory calculations quantitatively evaluated adsorption energies of PFOA and PFBS onto a graphene skeleton containing different organic functional groups, finding supportive outcomes. This work greater informs the importance of hydrophobicity for PFAS adsorption onto PAC.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 5","pages":"2322-2332"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144082690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS ES&T waterPub Date : 2025-04-07DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.4c0122210.1021/acsestwater.4c01222
Elliot Reid, Qingquan Ma, Lan Gan, Jiahao He, Thomas Igou, Ching-Hua Huang* and Yongsheng Chen*,
{"title":"Improving the Hydrophobicity of Powder Activated Carbon to Enhance the Adsorption Kinetics of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances","authors":"Elliot Reid, Qingquan Ma, Lan Gan, Jiahao He, Thomas Igou, Ching-Hua Huang* and Yongsheng Chen*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c0122210.1021/acsestwater.4c01222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c01222https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c01222","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are difficult to treat by using conventional drinking water treatment technologies. Herein, we upgrade a commercially available powder activated carbon (PAC) via an acid wash and pyrolysis to amplify hydrophobicity and enhance PFAS adsorption. Minimal differences in overall surface area, micropore volume and area, and external surface area were observed between acid-washed and pyrolyzed PACs. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, and scanning electron microscopy evidenced ∼5% reduced oxygen content and noticeable hydrophobicity increases for the pyrolyzed PAC, without altering morphology. Adsorption isotherms of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) showed no major increases to adsorption capacity, but more rapid adsorption kinetics of PFOA and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) to the pyrolyzed PAC, in both low and high PFAS concentration tests, were revealed in both reagent water and synthetic natural organic matter, with overall greater removal values (e.g., ∼90% removal vs 60%, in water after 1 h at 2 mg/L PFOA). PFOA and PFBS adsorption behavior adhered to pseudo-second-order kinetics (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.843–0.992). Density functional theory calculations quantitatively evaluated adsorption energies of PFOA and PFBS onto a graphene skeleton containing different organic functional groups, finding supportive outcomes. This work greater informs the importance of hydrophobicity for PFAS adsorption onto PAC.</p><p >Pyrolyzed powder activated carbon demonstrates superior adsorption kinetics for several per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, which is confirmed via density functional theory.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 5","pages":"2322–2332 2322–2332"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsestwater.4c01222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS ES&T waterPub Date : 2025-04-04DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.4c0117910.1021/acsestwater.4c01179
Tajamul Shafi, Chinmayee Das, Mu Naushad, Brajesh Kumar Dubey and Shamik Chowdhury*,
{"title":"Facile Stitching of Boron-Doped Polymeric Carbon Nitride with Graphene-Based Nanosheets into a Self-Supporting and Recoverable Photocatalyst for Efficient Antibiotic Removal from Wastewater","authors":"Tajamul Shafi, Chinmayee Das, Mu Naushad, Brajesh Kumar Dubey and Shamik Chowdhury*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c0117910.1021/acsestwater.4c01179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c01179https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c01179","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Polymeric carbon nitride (CN) holds tremendous promise as a visible light-active photocatalyst. However, its widespread application is hindered by low light harvesting efficiency and its powdery nature. This study addresses these limitations by doping CN nanosheets with boron (B). Specifically, a series of B-doped CN (BCN) samples with varying dopant contents were developed and evaluated for their effectiveness in degrading sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The most effective BCN variant was then hydrothermally integrated with graphene oxide nanosheets to create a BCN/graphene aerogel (BCN/GA). A key objective of this effort was to overcome challenges associated with the separation and recovery of BCN sheets from the aqueous phase after treatment. The free-standing composite aerogel exhibited improved charge carrier separation and superior light absorption capacity compared with BCN, which can be attributed to its interconnected porous morphology and high buoyancy. Notably, a maximum SMX degradation of 93% was achieved under visible light within 120 min. Additionally, extensive environmental safety assessments of the degradation byproducts, conducted using ECOSAR software, along with seed germination tests on <i>Vigna radiata</i>, confirmed the ecological compatibility of the treated SMX solution. Furthermore, BCN/GA can be easily recovered post-treatment and demonstrates excellent reusability, showing great potential for large-scale photocatalytic wastewater treatment applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 5","pages":"2268–2282 2268–2282"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predictive Capability of Dye Removal from Wastewater Using Biochar by a Rough Set Machine Learning Model","authors":"Paramasivan Balasubramanian, Muhil Raj Prabhakar, Chong Liu*, Fayong Li, Zipeng Zhang and Pengyan Zhang, ","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.5c0024410.1021/acsestwater.5c00244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c00244https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c00244","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Dye removal from wastewater treatment plants has gained attention in the waste management sector, necessitating advanced prediction techniques for effective planning and execution. While numerous machine learning studies have explored dye removal using biochar, a lack of general rules for various wastewater sources remains. This study employs rough set machine learning (RSML) to predict dye removal based on decision attributes, generating IF-THEN rules to classify conditional attributes. Key attributes identified include solution pH, temperature, and the initial concentration ratio of biochar to dye, which are critical for accurate predictions of the dye removal efficiency. The model produced 45, 23, and 39 rules for methylene blue, crystal violet, and Congo red, respectively, with 14, 11, and 15 approximate rules. The RSML achieved more than 80% accuracy for all three dyes, outperforming the existing classifiers. These findings have significant implications for establishing scientific rules in future dye removal research using biochar adsorption, enhancing the effectiveness of wastewater treatment processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 5","pages":"2661–2671 2661–2671"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}