ACS ES&T waterPub Date : 2025-08-06DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.5c00799
Zepei Tang, and , Yang Deng*,
{"title":"Activation or Deactivation? Rethinking Ferrate(VI) Reactivity within a Broader Modulation Framework","authors":"Zepei Tang, and , Yang Deng*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.5c00799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c00799","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 9","pages":"4928–4930"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsestwater.5c00799","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS ES&T waterPub Date : 2025-08-06DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.5c00636
Tengda Ding*, Zhangming Hou, Hongfeng Zhou and Ling Liu,
{"title":"Microplastics Alter the Distribution and Toxic Potential of Typical Pharmaceuticals in Aqueous Solutions: Mechanisms and Theory Calculations","authors":"Tengda Ding*, Zhangming Hou, Hongfeng Zhou and Ling Liu, ","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.5c00636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c00636","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The aquatic risks associated with various pharmaceuticals can be significantly influenced by the ubiquitous presence of microplastics (MPs), leading to unforeseen environmental effects. Uncovering the interactions between MPs and pharmaceuticals with diverse functional groups is of crucial importance for accurate risk assessment. Here, the sorption behaviors and underlying mechanisms by which polystyrene (PS) MPs interact with pharmaceuticals having different functional groups were explored through experimental methods, site energy distribution theory, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Results indicated that PS MPs exhibited a notable sorption capacity for pharmaceuticals, with the order of sorption being naproxen (NAP), bezafibrate (BZF), norfloxacin (NOR), ibuprofen (IBU), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and carbamazepine (CAB). A deeper analysis revealed that multiple factors, including hydrophobicity, electrostatic repulsion, π–π interactions, and hydrogen bonding, regulate the sorption process. Furthermore, the Dubinin–Astakhov (DA) model was employed to calculate the energy distribution. The adsorption affinity (<i>E</i><sub>m</sub> = 2.88–8.36 kJ/mol) and energy heterogeneity (σ<sub>e</sub>* = 1.59–2.25) of PS MPs for different pharmaceuticals followed the order SMX > NOR > NAP > CAB > IBU > BZF. DFT calculations confirmed that the formation of n−π bonds between PS MPs and pharmaceuticals was also a primary sorption mechanism. The different sorption mechanisms of PS MPs for various pharmaceuticals can eventually alter their toxicity, such as increased toxicity of pharmaceuticals with carboxyl groups. Overall, this study offers a more comprehensive understanding of the interactions between MPs and pharmaceuticals, which can contribute significantly to the risk assessment of pharmaceuticals in the presence of MPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 9","pages":"5605–5613"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS ES&T waterPub Date : 2025-08-06DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.5c00720
Xu Wang, Meijia Wang, Deying Yu, Peng Bai, Shiqi Sun, Xiaoyan Liu, Jiaxuan Wu, Shengqiang Wang, ChuangPeng Lian, Ying Wang and Kai Zhang*,
{"title":"Systematically Modeling the Interactions among Multiple Indicators While Considering the Structure of a River Network","authors":"Xu Wang, Meijia Wang, Deying Yu, Peng Bai, Shiqi Sun, Xiaoyan Liu, Jiaxuan Wu, Shengqiang Wang, ChuangPeng Lian, Ying Wang and Kai Zhang*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.5c00720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c00720","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Multiple water quality-related indicators in surface water involve many interactions. However, there is still no global interactive landscape considering the river network (up- and downstream relationship). Fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) are a type of quantitative method that conducts the time series prediction while considering the interaction among different variables (including self-impact). Additionally, FCMs enable the analysis of variable interactions across different locations, such as the monitoring sites within a surface water network (e.g., river network). In this study, we utilized the global monitoring data from 49 stations (sites) along the Qu River, Fu River, and Jialing River, Hechuan, Chongqing, China (February 1, 2021, to March 9, 2024), to construct a global map illustrating the interactions among the indicators across all of these sites. The analyzed results provide insights to infer the interaction between any pairs of variables and predict the amount of variables in future time stamps. The interstation and intrastation relationships were analyzed from three perspectives: simple path, cycle, and degree derived from the FCM-produced graph. Concrete interactions were quantified using edge weights in the graph to uncover the causes of pollution and understand the hidden trends in the data.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 9","pages":"5707–5719"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS ES&T waterPub Date : 2025-08-05DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.5c00161
Po-Hsun Lin, Marc A. Edwards and Ruth E. Richardson*,
{"title":"Investigation of Organotin Compounds in Drinking Water Contacting Aged PVC Pipes","authors":"Po-Hsun Lin, Marc A. Edwards and Ruth E. Richardson*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.5c00161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c00161","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe is commonly used in drinking water distribution systems and building plumbing. Organotin compounds (OTCs) utilized in PVC pipe production are a public health concern. Here, we examined the significance of organotin release into water under different scenarios of temperature and stagnation in complementary laboratory and field studies. Over a two-year laboratory experiment, monomethyltin (MMT) concentrations ranged from 88 to 186 ng/L, and dimethyltin (DMT) ranged from 9 to 75 ng/L. Methyltin was also the main organotin species leached from aged PVC with a biofilm and with the biofilm removed. Laboratory studies revealed that initial leaching rates of MMT and DMT in the segment reactors with a biofilm were about 53% lower in 15 year-old pipe segments compared to 2 year-old segments due to increased rates of biodegradation from mature biofilms. Certain PVC and chlorinated PVC (CPVC) pipe systems can cause consumer exposure to trace organotin compounds from drinking water.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 9","pages":"5069–5078"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS ES&T waterPub Date : 2025-08-05DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.5c00307
Yang-Guang Gu*, Yan-Peng Gao, Rui-Ze Liang, Richard W. Jordan and Shi-Jun Jiang,
{"title":"Overlooked Combined Ecotoxicological Risk of Naturally Occurring Beryllium and Thallium in Sediments to Aquatic Biota: An SPI Model-Based Assessment in the Pearl River Estuary","authors":"Yang-Guang Gu*, Yan-Peng Gao, Rui-Ze Liang, Richard W. Jordan and Shi-Jun Jiang, ","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.5c00307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c00307","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Beryllium (Be) and thallium (Tl) are highly toxic, naturally occurring trace metals increasingly recognized as emerging contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. Sediments act as both a major sink and a potential source of these metals, influencing their bioavailability and ecological impact. However, their combined adverse biological effects on aquatic biota in natural sedimentary environments remain unknown. This study presents the first quantitative ecotoxicological risk assessment of Be and Tl in surface sediments using the SPI model, which integrates species sensitivity distribution, probabilistic risk assessment, and the inclusion-exclusion principle. Due to the lack of an established diffusive gradients in thin films protocol for Be and Tl, we employed a validated transformation model to convert weak acid-exchangeable sediment concentrations (mg/kg) into estimated aqueous-phase concentrations (mg/L). These were used as inputs for the SPI model. Sediment samples from the Pearl River Estuary showed a 37.05% probability of combined toxic effects, exceeding the 25% ecological risk threshold and indicating a mild ecotoxicological risk. This study introduces a novel framework for evaluating the bioavailability and joint risk of Be and Tl in sediments, providing new insights for estuarine ecological risk assessment and environmental policy development.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 9","pages":"5145–5156"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS ES&T waterPub Date : 2025-08-05DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.5c00452
Amrit Kumar Thakur*, Ahmed Mortuza Saleque, T. M. Abir Ahsan, M. A. Zaed, K. H. Tan, Saidur Rahman, Yuen Hong Tsang, Iseult Lynch and Md. Shamim Ahamed*,
{"title":"Development of Advanced Photothermal Materials for Rapid Fertilizer Brine Evaporation and Sustainable Water Reuse in Controlled Environment Agriculture","authors":"Amrit Kumar Thakur*, Ahmed Mortuza Saleque, T. M. Abir Ahsan, M. A. Zaed, K. H. Tan, Saidur Rahman, Yuen Hong Tsang, Iseult Lynch and Md. Shamim Ahamed*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.5c00452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c00452","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Ensuring sustainable water management is critical in Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) because fertilizer-rich wastewater generated from fertigation needs treatment before discharging into the environment. Conventional systems rely on evaporation ponds to naturally evaporate brine; however, they are inefficient, require extensive land, suffer from slow evaporation rates, and cause scaling issues with hard waters. To address these challenges, a photothermal MXene-candle soot composite foam-based interfacial solar steam generation (ISSG) system has been developed as a high-efficiency, low-cost alternative. This system accelerates brine evaporation and freshwater extraction, allowing continuous reuse of the same discharge water. Unlike open evaporation ponds, the proposed system enables localized and contained evaporation without direct brine exposure to surrounding soil, thereby reducing environmental contamination. The composite foam, which integrates MXene nanosheets and candle-soot particles, exhibits enhanced broad-spectrum light absorption (63.28% in dry conditions and 81.71% in wet conditions) while significantly improving water transport and salt resistance. Solar evaporation experiments confirmed an evaporation rate of 0.65 kg m<sup>–2</sup> h<sup>–1</sup> (40.81% efficiency) for fertilized brine versus 1.11 kg m<sup>–2</sup> h<sup>–1</sup> (69.68% efficiency) for seawater with 85% performance retention over 25 cycles. Water quality analysis demonstrated the suitability of the distillate for hydroponic reuse.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 9","pages":"5354–5365"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS ES&T waterPub Date : 2025-08-04DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.5c00625
Ningning Li, Xushen Han*, Yongqi Yang and Jianguo Yu,
{"title":"Performance of Aerobic Sludge Granulation in the Treatment of High-Strength N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP) Wastewater","authors":"Ningning Li, Xushen Han*, Yongqi Yang and Jianguo Yu, ","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.5c00625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c00625","url":null,"abstract":"<p >NMP is a typical N-heterocyclic compound and has been widely used in several industries, such as the lithium battery industries. High-strength NMP wastewater was difficult to treat due to its strong toxicity to microorganisms. Since aerobic granular sludge (AGS) had a unique layered structure and exhibited high tolerance to organic loading rate (OLR), herein, AGS was directly cultivated with the influent NMP of 10,000 mg/L (OLR of ∼5.8 kg COD/(m<sup>3</sup> d)) in a sequencing batch reactor with the inoculum of activated sludge. Granulation was successfully completed in 20 days with a <i>D</i><sub>50</sub> of 520 μm, SVI<sub>30</sub> of 53.1 mL/g, and SVI<sub>30</sub>/SVI<sub>5</sub> of 0.9. COD and TN removal ratio were maintained at >97.2% and 28.3%–46.5% during the long-term operation, in which genera <i>Methylobacillus</i>, <i>Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium</i>, and <i>Arenimonas</i> were the main bacteria. The relatively low TN removal was similar to other biological treatment processes, which was primarily due to the evident stepwise carbon removal and nitrogen release, as well as the suppression of nitrifying bacteria. Furthermore, an up-to-standard AGS-two-stage-A/O process was developed using Aspen Plus V10. To our knowledge; this study first developed the AGS system for high-strength NMP wastewater treatment, and it showed the highest NMP-stress tolerance in various NMP biodegradation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 9","pages":"5575–5584"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS ES&T waterPub Date : 2025-08-04DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.4c00592
Lauren A. Knose, David L. Cole, Edgar Martín-Hernández, Victor M. Zavala, Michael A. Gonzalez, Céline Vaneeckhaute and Gerardo J. Ruiz-Mercado*,
{"title":"The Impact of Legacy Nutrient Loading from Lake Sediments on Cyanobacteria Bloom Severity","authors":"Lauren A. Knose, David L. Cole, Edgar Martín-Hernández, Victor M. Zavala, Michael A. Gonzalez, Céline Vaneeckhaute and Gerardo J. Ruiz-Mercado*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c00592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00592","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Nutrient pollution and cyanobacteria harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) are critical challenges shared among surface waters, largely driven by nutrient releases from nonpoint sources. Tools that inform the selection of nutrient source control and/or timing of implementation would further efforts to reduce nutrient pollution and public health impacts. We provide a modeling framework that uses both mechanistic and statistical models for quantifying the relative importance of external and internal phosphorus (P) loads on cyanoHAB severity and identifying subwatersheds with potential upstream legacy stores. We demonstrated the framework using data from a freshwater lake and found that recently added P from the internal load was significant in explaining cyanoHAB severity (24%), more so than recently added P from external sources (1.1%). Using counterfactual scenarios, we found that a 90% reduction in the recently added internal P load would significantly reduce cyanobacteria cell densities, leading to less severe blooms. Notably, we found that the relative importance of the internal and external P loads varied among years, which can infer when nutrient control strategies may be more/less successful. As such, this framework can help identify the most significant source of P across time and space to better inform nutrient source control.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 9","pages":"4997–5010"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS ES&T waterPub Date : 2025-08-04DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.5c00132
Huifang Bi, Catherine N. Mulligan, Wen Ji, Xiaohan Yang, Kenneth Lee, Baiyu Zhang, Linxiang Lyu and Chunjiang An*,
{"title":"Mechanistic Insights into Mitigating Spilled Oil on Shorelines with Biobased Coatings: Oil Transport Behavior and Enhanced Biodegradation Dynamics","authors":"Huifang Bi, Catherine N. Mulligan, Wen Ji, Xiaohan Yang, Kenneth Lee, Baiyu Zhang, Linxiang Lyu and Chunjiang An*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.5c00132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c00132","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The coating approach offers a promising solution for effective oil removal from shorelines by facilitating oil release for physical recovery and enhancing oil biodegradation. Changes in oil transport and fate after coating deployment are closely associated with the entire coastal ecosystem. This study investigated how the biobased coating impacts oil transport behavior under various scenarios and oil fate within simulated coastal systems and revealed the mechanism underlying these features. Results showed coated gravel achieved extremely low levels of oil residue (below 2%), reduced oil dispersion, and ensured the majority of oil floated on the water surface (up to 90%), aligning well with various expectations for shoreline cleanup. Observations regarding effects of coastal hydrodynamic characteristics indicated that even minimal wave energy simulated (0.1 W/kg) easily removed stranded oil with approximately 0.2% residue, while high energy levels promoted oil dispersion and inhibited oil flotation. When only tidal energy is available, the coated shoreline also can alleviate oil penetration into the subsurface by around 10%. For extended periods (up to 28 days), the remaining coating changed the oil fate in coastal settings through enhancing hydrocarbon biodegradation by approximately 16%. These findings provide critical insights into oil behavior in coastal regions during oil spill response.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 9","pages":"5057–5068"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}