ACS agricultural science & technology最新文献

{"title":"Oxalate-Linked Electrochemistry Enables Early Detection of Sclerotinia Blight in Peanut Crops Using 3D-Printed Nanostructured Pt Sensors","authors":"Frank Efe Erukainure,&nbsp;Blake N. Johnson,&nbsp;David B. Langston,&nbsp;Abhilash K. Chandel","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><em><em>Sclerotinia minor</em></em> (causing Sclerotinia blight) is a devastating pathogen in peanut production, with severe outbreaks causing up to 50% yield loss due to rapid oxalic acid (OA) accumulation. Early diagnosis is challenging because canopy-level symptoms typically emerge only after infection is well established, while early cues are subtle, stem-localized, and nonspecific; in contrast, molecular assays are time- and resource-intensive. Despite established mechanistic links between oxalate accumulation and disease progression, so far, there are no sensors developed or tested for detecting Sclerotinia blight in peanut plants. This paper reports a low-cost, lithography-free, and label-free electrochemical sensor for metabolite-targeted, presymptomatic monitoring of <em><em>S. minor</em></em> in peanut plants based on clear mechanistic links between oxalate accumulation and disease progression. The sensor platform comprises 3D-printed resin substrates with platinum (Pt) electrodes and a nanostructured reduced graphene oxide (rGO)−chitosan interface functionalized with an oxaloacetic acid (OAA) interfacial layer. Using ferri/ferrocyanide as a redox probe, the sensor exhibited a linear calibration to oxalate (prepared from OA) from 0.05 µM to 1 mM (<em>R</em>² = 0.99), with a sensitivity of 6.37 µA/decade, limit of detection of 17.6 nM, and excellent coefficient of variation of 0.93−3.32% across standards (<em>n</em> = 4). In real plant trials, stem sap from <em><em>S. minor</em>-</em>inoculated peanut plants produced significantly elevated voltammetric responses relative to healthy and <em>Nothopassalora personata</em> controls as early as five days post-inoculation (dpi), enabling longitudinal monitoring through 20 dpi (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Oxalate-equivalent mapping showed progressive increases in infected plants, reaching mM levels by 20 dpi, while the validated sensor readings agreed with those of a commercial assay during oxalate-linked <em><em>S. minor</em></em> detection in peanut plants. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a 3D-printed, Pt-based electrochemical platform validated with peanut plants for early, metabolite-linked detection of Sclerotinia blight, providing a practical foundation for point-of-need surveillance and precision disease management in peanut production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"6 8","pages":"1485–1500"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolite-Guided Evaluation of Strophanthus gratus Reveals an Environmentally Safer Multitarget Botanical against Spodoptera frugiperda","authors":"Prakash Kolanchi,&nbsp;Murugan Marimuthu,&nbsp;Shanmugam Pagalahalli Sankaran,&nbsp;Venkidusamy Muralitharan,&nbsp;Manickam Visalakshi","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00429","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The fall armyworm, <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em>, is a globally damaging invasive pest of maize, and sustainable control tools targeting multiple toxic endpoints remain limited. Here, we evaluated <em>Strophanthus gratus</em> (poison arrow vine) as a metabolite-rich botanical candidate for fall armyworm management by integrating solvent-fraction bioassays, antifeedant phenotyping, enzyme profiling, GC–MS metabolomics, molecular docking, and short molecular dynamics simulations. Sequential solvent fractionation revealed concentration-dependent bioactivity, with the ethyl acetate fraction showing the strongest overall response, including 50.0 ± 2.0% larval mortality and 93.3 ± 1.5% antifeedant activity at 3000 mg L^–1 (ppm equivalent). Biochemical assays showed that active fractions reduced the activities of key detoxification enzymes [(glutathione-S-transferase (GST), mixed-function oxidase/cytochrome P450 (MFO/CYP)-associated activity, and carboxy esterase (CE)], digestive hydrolases (amylase, lipase, and protease), and the neurophysiological target acetylcholinesterase (AChE). GC–MS profiling resolved a partial but chemically informative metabolite profile dominated by derivatizable sterols, triterpenoids, and phenylpropanoid-associated metabolites, with multivariate analyses revealing distinct fraction-specific chemical signatures. In silico screening was used as a hypothesis-generating layer to prioritize putative ligand-target interactions, highlighting favorable predicted interactions such as ergosterol-amylase (–31.8 kcal mol^–1), clionasterol-CYP (–30.3 kcal mol^–1), and ergosterol-lipase (–29.1 kcal mol^–1). A 5 ns molecular dynamics simulation supported retention of the selected docked ligand within the predicted binding pocket. Collectively, these results indicate that <em>S. gratus</em> acts primarily through strong feeding deterrence and coordinated disruption of detoxification, digestion, and neurophysiological pathways, supporting its further isolation-guided development as a botanical tool for fall armyworm management.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"6 8","pages":"1587–1603"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative Stress-Mediated Growth and Yield Decline in Groundnut under Nickel Toxicity: Physiological, Biochemical, and Genotypic Insights","authors":"Chandrakant Singh,&nbsp;B. Vishwanatha,&nbsp;Rajiv Kumar,&nbsp;S. B. Chaudhari,&nbsp;D. Sreekanth,&nbsp;Manoj K. Yadav","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00277","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils poses risks to crop productivity and food safety. A controlled experiment evaluated the growth, physiological, biochemical, antioxidant, and yield responses of two groundnut (<em>Arachis hypogaea</em> L.) cultivars (GJG-9 and GJG-22) exposed to four nickel (Ni) concentrations (0, 20, 100, and 200 ppm). Measurements were recorded at 30 and 60 days after sowing and at harvest. Increasing Ni levels significantly (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.001) reduced plant height, biomass, photosynthetic pigments, membrane stability, and pod number, with greater reductions at higher concentrations. At 200 ppm Ni, pod number decreased by 30−45% compared with the control. Nickel stress enhanced hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, proline content, and ABTS radical-scavenging activity, indicating oxidative stress and antioxidant activation. Roots accumulated more Ni than shoots, while translocation declined with increasing Ni. Cultivar GJG-22 showed greater tolerance than GJG-9, suggesting genotypic differences in Ni stress adaptation. These findings can facilitate breeding programs aimed at developing Ni-tolerant cultivars.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"6 8","pages":"1560–1576"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tyrosol-Based Derivatives as Lead Structures for the Control of Coffee Leaf Rust","authors":"Cristiane Aparecida Franco,&nbsp;Bruno Wesley Ferreira,&nbsp;Jodieh Oliveira Santana Varejão,&nbsp;Matheus Sarmento Mendonça,&nbsp;Guilherme Mateus Bouzada,&nbsp;Laura Saavedra Tobar,&nbsp;Eduardo Jorge Pilau,&nbsp;Vinícius Ribeiro Montes,&nbsp;Daniela de Melo Resende,&nbsp;Silvane Maria Fonseca Murta,&nbsp;Robert Weingart Barreto,&nbsp;Marcelo Henrique dos Santos,&nbsp;Eduardo Vinícius Vieira Varejão","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00311","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tyrosol-derived esters were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against <em>Hemileia vastatrix</em> urediniospore germination. Esterification reactions afforded mono- and diester derivatives, which were characterized by spectroscopic methods. In biological assays, all esters showed higher antifungal activity than tyrosol, whereas 1,2,3-triazole derivatives were inactive. Monoesters retaining a free phenolic hydroxyl group exhibited significantly higher activity than the corresponding diesters, highlighting the importance of this group for antifungal activity. Selected compounds displayed inhibitory effects comparable to copper oxychloride and showed low cytotoxicity in L929 fibroblast cells. In silico analysis indicated that key physicochemical parameters fell within the range of commercial fungicides. These results identify tyrosol-derived esters as promising lead structures for further investigation in the development of fungicides for coffee leaf rust control.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"6 8","pages":"1577–1586"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover Crops’ Role in Mitigating 14C-Imazethapyr in Contaminated Soils: A Phytoremediation Strategy for Intensive Agriculture","authors":"Daniel Nalin,&nbsp;Gustavo Vinícios Munhoz-Garcia,&nbsp;Vanessa Takeshita,&nbsp;Gustavo Carrenho Spagnol,&nbsp;Kassio Ferreira Mendes,&nbsp;Valdemar Luiz Tornisielo","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00430","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Herbicide persistence in soil poses a significant challenge to sustainable agriculture, particularly with persistent compounds such as imazethapyr (IMZ). This study evaluated the phytoremediation potential of four cover crops (<em><em>Canavalia ensiformis</em></em>, <em><em>Lupinus albus</em></em>, <em><em>Crotalaria juncea</em></em>, and <em><em>Vicia sativa</em></em>) in IMZ-contaminated soils using ¹⁴C-radiometric techniques. Initial dose-response assays confirmed that all four species exhibited high tolerance to the herbicide<em>.</em> Subsequent radiometric analysis using ¹⁴C-imazethapyr revealed distinct remediation mechanisms among the species: <em><em>C. ensiformis</em></em> achieved the highest phytoextraction efficiency (18.7% of the total applied), while <em><em>C. juncea</em></em> showed the most rapid metabolic transformation, metabolizing 67% of the total absorbed herbicide fraction. Chromatographic profiling indicated metabolite formation across all species, with <em><em>V. sativa</em></em>, <em><em>L. albus</em></em>, and <em><em>C. ensiformis</em></em> yielding two distinct compounds. Our findings suggest that integrating these species into management systems promotes IMZ detoxification. A multifunctional off-season mixture composed of <em><em>C. ensiformis</em></em>, <em><em>C. juncea</em></em>, and <em><em>V. sativa</em></em> combines high biomass production and phytoextraction capacity with superior metabolic transformation efficiency, enhancing imazethapyr phytoextraction in contaminated soils and offering a strategy to increase sustainability in agricultural systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"6 8","pages":"1604–1614"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Effects of Clove and Cinnamon Oils against Aspergillus flavus and Aflatoxin B1 Production in Georgia-Grown Organic Peanuts","authors":"Alaina T. McClelland,&nbsp;Ari J. Schwarz,&nbsp;Mohammad A. Halim,&nbsp;Premila N. Achar","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><em><em>Aspergillus flavus</em></em> is a common saprotrophic and pathogenic fungal contaminant of peanuts and a major producer of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a potent Group 1 carcinogen. Current control strategies rely heavily on synthetic fungicides, which pose environmental and human health concerns. This study evaluated the antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic efficacy of clove and cinnamon essential oils (EOs), applied individually and in combination, against <em><em>A. flavus</em></em> in culture-based assays and artificially inoculated Georgia-grown organic peanuts. Peanuts were treated with cinnamon, clove, or a combined EO formulation at concentrations ranging from 250 to 2000 ppm, followed by quantitative analysis of AFB1 using selected ion monitoring-based liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry (LC−MS) method. Individual EO treatments produced moderate, concentration-dependent reductions in AFB1 production, with clove and cinnamon EOs reducing AFB1 levels to approximately 49−58% of untreated controls at 2000 ppm. In contrast, the combined EO formulation produced consistently enhanced inhibitory performance across both cultures and peanut systems, reducing AFB1 accumulation by up to 81.6% in peanut samples and 69−71% in culture assays, with efficacy comparable to or exceeding that of synthetic fungicide control. The combined treatment exhibited a consistent, but limited concentration-dependent inhibitory trend across the tested range (<em>R</em>² = 0.9992), suggesting early saturation of inhibitory activity. Nonlinear regression analysis yielded an IC₅₀ value of 46.83 ppm; however, this estimate is based on the concentration range evaluated and should be interpreted as an approximate indicator of inhibitory potency rather than a fully resolved kinetic parameter. These findings indicate that the combined application of clove and cinnamon EOs is associated with enhanced antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activity against <em><em>A. flavus</em></em> in a food-relevant system. This study extends prior work by demonstrating the effectiveness of EO combinations within a peanut matrix using LC−MS-based quantification of AFB1. Collectively, these results identify EO blends as a promising, generally recognized as safe (GRAS), plant-based alternative to synthetic fungicides for mitigating AFB1 contamination in peanuts.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"6 8","pages":"1501–1512"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Scale-Up Production to Field Bioefficacy: Blastospore-Based Mycoinsecticides against Spodoptera frugiperda and Bemisia tabaci","authors":"Aline Cesar de Lira,&nbsp;Ana Clara Vieira Cangani,&nbsp;Jeanne Scardini Marinho-Prado,&nbsp;Marcus Vinícius Santana,&nbsp;Gabriel Moura Mascarin","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00151","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Entomopathogenic fungi of the order Hypocreales produce hydrophilic, yeast-like cells named blastospores by submerged liquid fermentation, offering promising biological alternatives for managing insect pests. However, the widespread adoption of fungal blastospores has been constrained by their limited shelf life and often inconsistent field performance. To address these technological barriers, we developed and optimized a complete bioprocess for the production, scale-up, formulation, storage, and biological evaluation of blastospores from <em><em>Beauveria bassiana</em></em> BRM 14527 and <em><em>Cordyceps javanica</em></em> BRM 14526 for controlling <em><em>Bemisia tabaci</em></em> and <em><em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em></em>, two major agricultural pests. Nutritional conditions were optimized to enhance blastospore yields, with carbon-to-nitrogen ratios of 29:1 and 36:1 yielding up to 2.33 × 10⁹ and 2.13 × 10⁹ blastospores mL^–1, respectively. Production in laboratory shake flasks and scale-up to 7-L and 1200-L bioreactors consistently yielded &gt;1 × 10⁹ blastospores mL^–1 within 48 h. Oil–silica formulations significantly improved the shelf life of freshly produced blastospores (up to 3.49 × 10⁸ CFU g^–1 after 90 days at 4 °C) compared with unformulated preparations. In bioassays, oil-formulated blastospores retained high virulence against <em>S. frugiperda</em> larvae and <em>B. tabaci</em> nymphs, achieving 70–93% mortality when applied at 1 × 10⁷ blastospores mL^–1. In two consecutive soybean cropping seasons, 2022/23 and 2023/24, repeated applications of blastospores in oil dispersion effectively reduced infestations of <em>B. tabaci</em> nymphs. These findings support the industrial mass production of highly infective blastospores along with their oil dispersion formulations as fast-acting, short-term, storage-stable mycoinsecticides for integrated pest management.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"6 8","pages":"1466–1484"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Review of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Coffee Plants and Their Potential Agricultural, Medical, and Industrial Applications","authors":"Johan Mateo Rios Marin,&nbsp;Lucas Silva Tironi,&nbsp;Adriano Aguiar Mendes,&nbsp;Jaine Honorata Hortolan Luiz","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.5c01123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsagscitech.5c01123","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Endophytic fungi from coffee plants (<em>Coffea</em> spp.) have gained increasing scientific interest due to their ability to produce bioactive compounds with applications across multiple sectors, supporting more sustainable and efficient cultivation practices. This systematic review covered the period between 2000 and March 2025 and compiled current knowledge on coffee endophytes, emphasizing their taxonomic diversity, their metabolites, and bioactivities, including some applications in agriculture, medicine, and industry, underscoring their relevance as a promising source of biotechnological innovation. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review focused specifically on coffee endophytes. Despite their potential, research on coffee endophytes and their uses in sustainable technologies remains limited. The insights provided here may support advances in coffee cultivation in Brazil and other producing countries while promoting future studies aimed at discovering new endophytes, improving desirable genetic traits, and enabling targeted production of enzymes and secondary metabolites.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"6 8","pages":"1398–1412"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved Stability and Phytotoxic Activity of Wedelia trilobata Essential Oil (EO)-Loaded Microemulsions (MEs)","authors":"Tuan Faiz Tuan Anuar,&nbsp;Suria Ramli,&nbsp;Chamroon Laosinwattana,&nbsp;Khairul Anwar Ishak,&nbsp;Kamalrul Azlan Azizan","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The excessive use of synthetic herbicides necessitates the development of eco-friendly alternatives. <em>Wedelia trilobata</em> essential oil (EO) possesses significant herbicidal potential, but its practical application is hindered by poor physicochemical properties such as high volatility and low water solubility. This study addressed these limitations by formulating oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsions (MEs) containing <em>W. trilobata</em> EO and assessing their herbicidal potential against lettuce (<em>Lactuca sativa</em> L.) as a target plant. The EO was rich in oxygenated monoterpenes (41.45%), with geraniol (23.21%) and (R)-(+)-citronellal (11.04%) as the main compounds. Physicochemical characterization confirmed the formation of stable, isotropic MEs (ME-1 and ME-2). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed uniformly distributed, non-spheroidal droplets with average sizes below 20 nm. The formulations exhibited excellent thermodynamic and mechanical stability over 180 days. In phytotoxicity assays, ME-2 with 80% water content demonstrated potent inhibitory effects on lettuce, reducing shoot and root growth by 80.12 and 92.08%, respectively. These results indicate that the ME system successfully preserves the intrinsic bioactivity of <em>W. trilobata</em> EO while enhancing its stability and bioavailability. Overall, the findings provide critical proof of concept for emulsifying <em>W. trilobata</em> EO into a commercially viable, water-based ME for effective, sustainable weed control.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"6 8","pages":"1445–1454"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herbicidal Potential of Diarylamines Derived from Anthranilic Acid","authors":"Graciele Fernanda de Souza Pinto,&nbsp;Jorge Laço Portinho,&nbsp;Patrick Rômbola Ozanique,&nbsp;Luis Octavio Regasini,&nbsp;Rosana Marta Kolb","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Efforts to develop new herbicides are urgent due to various challenges, such as the growing prevalence of herbicide-resistant weed species. Synthetic anthranilates act as plant growth modulators and exhibit phytotoxic potential. This study investigated the phytotoxic activity of twenty-two synthetic diarylamines derived from anthranilic acid. Bioassays were conducted at concentrations of 1000, 500, and 100 µmol L^–1 to evaluate the early growth of two eudicotyledonous species, lettuce (<em><em>Lactuca sativa</em></em> L.) and wild radish (<em><em>Raphanus raphanistrum</em></em> L.), as well as one monocotyledonous species, sourgrass (<em><em>Digitaria insularis</em></em> (L.) Fedde). In addition, physicochemical descriptors were analyzed as complementary parameters to aid the interpretation of the compounds' phytotoxic profiles. The four most phytotoxic compounds were further evaluated for their ecotoxicity in zooplankton. Within all tested compounds, nine diarylamines (<strong>1</strong>, <strong>2</strong>, <strong>3</strong>, <strong>4</strong>, <strong>5</strong>, <strong>19</strong>, <strong>20</strong>, <strong>21</strong>, and <strong>22</strong>) demonstrated significant inhibitory activity on the early growth of target plant species, particularly at the highest concentration tested (1000 µmol L^–1), when compared to the solvent control. Physicochemical property analysis indicated that these compounds share structural features with commercial herbicides, which may be relevant for the discovery of new herbicidal agents. Among them, diarylamines <strong>1–4,</strong> which feature an unsubstituted anthranilic acid moiety (A ring) connected to a mono- or di-methoxylated aromatic ring (B ring), showed the strongest inhibitory effects in weed growth bioassays. Nevertheless, zooplankton ecotoxicity assays showed no significant adverse effects from these four compounds on zooplankton richness and abundance. Therefore, diarylamines derived from anthranilic acid exhibit herbicidal potential, although further studies are required to clarify their mechanisms of action and to better assess their environmental behavior under different exposure conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"6 8","pages":"1455–1465"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}