ACS agricultural science & technology最新文献

{"title":"Applications of Carbon Dots in Agriculture: Synthesis, Functionalization, and Plant Interaction Mechanisms","authors":"Yeran Bai,&nbsp;Wenbo Bai,&nbsp;Filip Bureš,&nbsp;Massimo Rippa,&nbsp;Zeynel Seferoğlu,&nbsp;Jialei Liu","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00307","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Carbon dots (CDs) are an emerging carbon-based nanomaterial with steadily increasing prospects across agricultural applications, which is mostly due to their easy synthesis, functionalization, small particle size, high biocompatibility, low toxicity, and peculiar optical properties. However, existing studies have largely focused on individual functions or localized mechanisms, with insufficient attention paid to the systemic relationships among material design, functional expression, and plant response. Therefore, this paper adopts a cross-scale perspective to provide a systematic review of the synthesis strategies, functionalization designs, and interaction mechanisms of CDs with plants in agricultural applications. This article also summarizes biomass-based green synthetic methods, highlighting the advantages of simple and scalable approaches, such as hydrothermal and microwave methods in agricultural applications, and further outlines the principles of functionalization design based on the regulation of surface functional groups. The study focuses on the synergistic role of CDs in multifunctional applications, such as promoting nutrient utilization, enhancing stress resistance, and enabling the detection of endogenous plant signals, and proposes their potential role as a multifunctional agricultural nanoplatform. The fundamental interaction mechanisms between CDs and plants, including their absorption, distribution, and transport via the symplastic and apoplastic pathways, are addressed, and emphasize the fundamental links connecting these different processes to real-world agricultural applications. In summary, the recent advances and innovations offer novel strategies for efficient crop yield enhancement, and this review aims to serve as a guide toward targeted design and precise application of high-performance CDs tailored to agricultural needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"6 10","pages":"2089–2104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149210955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Differentiation of Chitin Oligosaccharides with Different Degrees of Polymerization in Salt-Stressed Wheat Seedlings","authors":"Anbang Li,&nbsp;Chang Liu,&nbsp;Boyun Qi,&nbsp;Hongwei Qiao,&nbsp;Yi Wang,&nbsp;Lubaihe Wei,&nbsp;Houxiang Wang,&nbsp;Minmin Hu,&nbsp;Ronge Xing,&nbsp;Song Liu,&nbsp;Kecheng Li","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00672","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil salinity severely limits wheat growth and productivity, creating a need for sustainable strategies to improve salt tolerance. Chitin oligosaccharides are promising natural biostimulants, but their degree-of-polymerization (DP)-dependent functions remain unclear. Here, structurally defined chitin oligosaccharides (A2–A6) were individually applied to wheat seedlings exposed to 100 mM NaCl, and their effects were evaluated using growth, physiological, biochemical, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses. Results showed clear DP-dependent functional differentiation. A2 showed the strongest biomass-promoting effect, with fresh and dry weights 58.13% and 51.27% higher than those of A6-treated seedlings, respectively. In contrast, A6 exhibited stronger antioxidant capacity and ionic homeostasis regulation, with SOD and POD activities 25.84% and 42.33% higher than those of A2, and a 72.90% lower Na⁺/K⁺ ratio than in salt-stressed plants. Omics analyses revealed that A2 was primarily associated with growth-related metabolic adjustment, whereas A6 showed a stronger defense-oriented response involving MAPK signaling and plant hormone signal transduction. These findings demonstrate a DP-dependent trade-off between growth promotion and stress defense, providing insights into the functional specialization of chitin oligosaccharides in plant stress regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"6 10","pages":"2208–2218"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149210999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, Synthesis, and Insecticidal and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Novel Pyrimidine Derivatives against Aphis gossypii (Glover, 1887) with DFT Calculations and Molecular Docking Validation","authors":"Amira Zaki Ebrahim,&nbsp;Ahmed A. K. Mohammed,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Gad,&nbsp;Adel M. Kamal El-Dean,&nbsp;Mahmoud M. Hamed,&nbsp;Mahmoud S. Tolba","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00492","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The escalating impact of <em>Aphis gossypii</em> (Glover, 1887) on global agriculture, together with the rapid emergence of resistance to conventional insecticides, underscores the urgent need for innovative pest-control agents with distinct modes of action. In this study, nine new pyrimidine-based heterocycles (<strong>2a</strong>−<strong>2f</strong>, <strong>3</strong>–<strong>5</strong>) were rationally designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated. These compounds feature diverse amine substituents at the C-4 position of a 6-(4-methoxyphenyl)–2-morpholinopyrimidine-5-carbonitrile scaffold. Synthesis was achieved via nucleophilic aromatic substitution of a chlorocyanopyrimidine intermediate with primary and secondary amines under mild reflux, affording yields of 45–90%. Further structural diversification from the hydrazinyl intermediate (<strong>2e</strong>) enabled the preparation of a triazolopyrimidine (<strong>3</strong>), a benzylidenehydrazinyl Schiff base (<strong>4</strong>), and a dimethylpyrazolyl derivative (<strong>5</strong>). All compounds were structurally confirmed using FTIR, ¹H/¹³C NMR, and HRMS analyses. Bioassays against nymph and adult stages of <em>A. gossypii</em> revealed that compound <strong>2c</strong>, bearing a phenylamino substituent, exhibited the highest activity, with a nymph LC₅₀ of 0.113 mg/L, approaching that of acetamiprid (0.039 mg/L). Also, antimicrobial screening demonstrated selective antifungal activity against <em>Candida albicans</em>, particularly for compounds <strong>2d</strong> and <strong>2a</strong>. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP-D3(BJ)/6-31G(d) level provided frontier orbital energies (HOMO−LUMO gaps of 3.83−4.45 eV) and MESP maps, thereby identifying reactive sites correlated with biological performance. Molecular docking with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (PDB: 3SQ6) showed strong binding affinities (−8.0 to −9.3 kcal/mol), with compound <strong>2c</strong> forming hydrophobic, hydrogen-bonding, and cation−π interactions. These findings highlight arylamine-functionalized pyrimidines as promising candidates for the development of environmentally sustainable insecticides.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"6 10","pages":"2144–2155"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149210960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Isoxazoline for Protection of Coffee Beans: Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Isocycloseram on the Coffee Berry Borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari)","authors":"Royner J. Ortiz-Rojas,&nbsp;Leidiana M. Ribeiro,&nbsp;Rodrigo J. S. Satolo,&nbsp;Kamila M. Costa,&nbsp;Yann J. M. Campos,&nbsp;João G. T. Moraes,&nbsp;Arleide F. Neto,&nbsp;Adriene W. Pedrosa,&nbsp;Raul N.C. Guedes,&nbsp;Eliseu J. G. Pereira","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00701","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Isocycloseram is a novel isoxazoline with insecticidal activity as a modulator of the GABA-gated chloride channel. We assessed relevant biological effects of isocycloseram on the coffee berry borer, a destructive pest causing over US$500 million in annual losses to coffee production globally. In berry-immersion bioassays, the manufacturer-recommended label concentration prevented damage to coffee beans and caused more than 90% mortality within 30 days of exposure. The median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) was 34.05 mg/L. Isocycloseram concentrations three- and nine-fold lower than the recommended rate also reduced pest offspring production and decreased gallery formation within coffee beans, as revealed by X-ray radiography. Notably, protection of the coffee bean was achieved at concentrations substantially below the recommended field rate. Therefore, isocycloseram affects the coffee berry borer through a combination of lethal and sublethal responses and can provide effective protection of coffee beans while contributing to integrated pest management programs for this economically important pest.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"6 10","pages":"2234–2241"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149210976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Phenolic Compounds and Other Compositions of Red Grape Pomace Extracts after Solid-State Fermentation with Aspergillus spp.","authors":"Daniel Salta,&nbsp;Xiaofen Du,&nbsp;Danhui Wang","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00108","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Grape pomace is solid byproduct of wine processing and a valuable resource for sustainable valorization. This study aimed to evaluate the solid-state fermentation of grape pomace from two cultivars (Mourvèdre and Shiraz) with two <em>Aspergillus</em> strains for up to 6 days to produce valuable substances. The fermentation process was monitored by weight change and pH. The aqueous extracts were characterized by titratable acidity, organic acids, total soluble contents, individual sugars, total phenolic content, and individual phenolics. Fermentation significantly increased pH with decreased titratable acidity and organic acid content. Total soluble solids were decreased with the decrease of individual sugar content. Fermentation did not increase the total phenolic content but significantly increased selected extractable phenolics, as gallic acid increased by 76–196% for both cultivars, and <em>p</em>-coumaric acid increased by 713–963% for Shiraz pomace. The increased phenolic content in this proof-of-concept study demonstrated the potential of grape pomace valorization to produce valuable compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"6 10","pages":"2067–2077"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149211007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multicriteria Selection of Sweet Potato Genotypes Combining Ornamental and Food-Production Potential for Landscape Beds","authors":"Mariana Cruz de Souza,&nbsp;Gisele Trindade da Silva Pinto,&nbsp;Arthur Arnoni Occhiutto,&nbsp;William Daniel Teodoro Ribeiro,&nbsp;Caroline de Oliveira Timoteo,&nbsp;Michele Carla Nadal,&nbsp;Antonio Rodrigues da Cunha Neto,&nbsp;Valter Carvalho de Andrade Júnior,&nbsp;Michele Valquíria dos Reis","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00618","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sweet potato (<em>Ipomoea batatas</em> (L.) Lam.) has potential for multifunctional landscapes combining ornamental and food-production purposes. This study characterized 15 genotypes based on morphological, productive, biochemical, and nutritional traits. Genotypes were evaluated for root and leaf morphology, as well as other attributes. Landscape potential was assessed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and TOPSIS. TOPSIS closeness coefficients ranged from 0.18 to 0.85, revealing substantial variation in landscape performance. Genotypes 2, 5, and 7 showed balanced ornamental, productive, and nutritional performance, indicating multifunctional potential. Genotype 9 exhibited high potential for food and biofortified applications. Genotypes 11 and 13 exhibited high landscape potential, vegetative vigor, and bioactive compound accumulation in leaves but did not produce tuberous roots, revealing a trade-off between ornamental/foliar performance and root production. Integrating these complementary traits through multicriteria analysis enables the identification of genotypes for specific landscape functions and supports the development of multifunctional landscapes combining aesthetic and food-production purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"6 10","pages":"2190–2207"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149211014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Crop Protection through Weed Valorization: Chemical Profiling and Bioactivity of Chenopodium Ambrosioides and Cleome Gynandra Against Insect Pests and Rice Root-Knot Nematode","authors":"Rahim Ullah,&nbsp;Yaseen Ahmad,&nbsp;Tina Kyndt,&nbsp;Kari M. Hartonen,&nbsp;Susanne K. Wiedmer","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00691","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Polar and nonpolar fractions of <em>Chenopodium ambrosioides</em> and <em>Cleome gynandra</em> were chemically profiled and evaluated as botanical crop-protection materials. GC–MS and LC–MS indicated chemically distinct fractions containing sterols, terpenoid derivatives, fatty acid esters, flavonoids, phenolic acids, glucosinolate-related features, oxylipin-related compounds, and glycolipid-related features. Bioassays showed dose-dependent mortality against <em>Tettigonia viridissima</em>, <em>Tribolium castaneum</em>, and <em>Tuberolachnus salignus</em>, with polar fractions generally showed higher activity than non-polar fractions. In aqueous assays, CA-PF and CG-PF caused direct mortality of <em>Meloidogyne graminicola</em> second-stage juveniles (J2s). Foliar application of polar fractions reduced nematode gall formation in rice and improved shoot and root biomass without visible phytotoxicity. DAB staining indicated localized hydrogen peroxide accumulation in treated leaves. These results support further chemical standardization and validation of <em>Chenopodium ambrosioides</em> and <em>Cleome gynandra</em> fractions as botanical crop-protection candidates.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"6 10","pages":"2219–2233"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149210931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fulvic Acid and Mycorrhizal Inoculation Alter Root-Zone Metabolite Profiles and Nitrogen Uptake in Soilless Substrate-Grown Tomato under Controlled-Environment Conditions","authors":"Mahadi Hasan Redoy,&nbsp;Tabibul Islam","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00500","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is essential for tomato production in soilless controlled-environment agriculture (CEA). We previously showed that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and fulvic acid (FA) coapplication enhanced tomato biomass, nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE), and root-zone substrate β-glucosidase activity. To characterize the underlying root-zone metabolic responses, untargeted LC–MS/MS metabolomics was performed on substrate from tomato seedlings grown under control, FA, AMF, and AMF + FA at 10 and 100 mg L^–1 N. Of 118 annotated compounds, organic acids and derivatives dominated. Treatment effects were pronounced at 100 mg L^–1, where PLS-DA identified 30 VIP discriminants, mostly amino acids and peptides; <em>N</em>-acetylarginine, gamma-glutamylleucine, Ser-Val, and 3,4-dihydroxy-<span>l</span>-phenylalanine accumulated under AMF and AMF + FA. OPLS-DA models further indicated enrichment of <span>l</span>-glutamine and <em>N</em>-acetylarginine in AMF + FA over AMF alone. AMF inoculum-containing treatments were associated with altered root-zone substrate metabolite profiles, and coapplication with FA amplified these shifts; these changes accompanied the improved nitrogen uptake in soilless CEA-grown tomato.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"6 10","pages":"2156–2166"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149210932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogen-Induced Changes in Lipopeptide Production from the Marine-Derived Streptomyces albidoflavus PNM-87 against Pyricularia oryzae","authors":"Vanesa Diaz-Rios,&nbsp;Jeimmy Macias Camacho,&nbsp;Lina M. Bayona Maldonado,&nbsp;Diana Vinchira-Villaraga,&nbsp;Olga Higuera Acosta,&nbsp;Nubia Moreno Sarmiento,&nbsp;Leonardo Castellanos Hernandez,&nbsp;Freddy A. Ramos","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00324","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The emergence of fungicide resistance in <em>Pyricularia oryzae</em> necessitates searching for efficient biocontrol strains from under-explored environments. This study reports <em>P. oryzae</em> control from the marine sponge-associated <em>Streptomyces albidoflavus</em> PNM-87. Initial screenings revealed that PNM-87 exhibits significant <em>in vitro</em> inhibition against rice blast. Active compounds were characterized by Feature-Based Molecular Networking (FBMN) and SIRIUS as a mixture of surfactin-like lipopeptides including surfactins (B<em>C</em>₁₄, <em>C</em>₁₃, <em>C</em>₁₅) and pumilacidins (B, D/E), representing 82% of the total ion current (TIC). Comparative metabolic profiling in pathogen-supplemented media revealed pathogen-induced changes in the specialized metabolome; PNM-87 upregulated surfactin and pumilacidin B production by up to 200- and 400-fold, respectively. Greenhouse assays confirmed plant protection, reducing rice blast severity in <em>O. sativa</em> plants. This work provides the first evidence of a marine-derived <em>S. albidoflavus</em> strain employing a targeted chemical defence strategy for agricultural pathogen suppression, highlighting the potential of marine actinobacteria as biocontrol agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"6 10","pages":"2105–2113"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149210934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Horizons in Pyridine-Based Agrochemicals (2020-2026): From Molecular Design to Ecological Safety","authors":"Hamdy Khamees Thabet,&nbsp;Ahmed Abdou O. Abeed,&nbsp;Mohamed R. Fouad,&nbsp;Gameel A. M. Elhagali,&nbsp;Mohamed S. A. El-Gaby","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsagscitech.6c00690","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pyridine derivatives have emerged as indispensable pharmacophoric scaffolds in contemporary agrochemistry, driving breakthroughs across next-generation insecticides, plant growth regulators (PGRs), micronutrient chelators, and biostimulants. This review provides a comprehensive, critical synthesis of structural innovations, advanced formulations, and ecological safety profiles of pyridine-based agrochemicals reported from 2020 to 2026. We systematically evaluate how structure-activity relationship (SAR) optimizations and density functional theory (DFT) quantum modeling have enabled the precise engineering of legacy neonicotinoids and targeted pyridine platforms to maximize entomological target-site affinity such as within insect nicotinic acetylcholine and ryanodine receptors while proactively decoupling insecticidal potency from non-target ecotoxicity toward vital pollinators like honeybees (<em>Apis mellifera</em>). Beyond molecular architecture, this work highlights the pioneering integration of green chemistry paradigms and smart formulation technologies, focusing on biodegradable polymer networks (e.g., carboxymethyl cellulose/poly(4-vinylpyridine) (CMC/P4VP) hydrogels) engineered to stabilize micronutrient chelation, trigger biostimulatory foliage responses, assist in soil remediation, and mitigate environmental leaching via controlled diffusion mechanisms. Furthermore, we examine the deployment of advanced analytical tools, including surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), for ultra-sensitive trace monitoring of pyridinic residues in agro-ecosystems. By bridging fundamental chemical engineering with stringent ecological compliance and future artificial intelligence-driven molecular design, this review delivers essential, actionable perspectives for researchers and policymakers advancing sustainable, climate-smart agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"6 10","pages":"2048–2066"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149210949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}