Bulletin of Entomological Research最新文献

{"title":"Predicting the geographical potential distribution of species <i>Opisina arenosella</i> Walker in China under different climate scenarios based on the MaxEnt model.","authors":"Zhiling Wang, Zhihang Zhuo, Yaqin Peng, Danping Xu","doi":"10.1017/S0007485324000464","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007485324000464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As global warming increases with the frequency of extreme weather, the distribution of species is inevitably affected. Among them, highly damaging invasive species are of particular concern. Being able to effectively predict the geographic distribution of invasive species and future distribution trends is a key entry point for their control. <i>Opisina arenosella</i> Walker is an invasive species, and its ability to live on the backs of foliage and generate canals to hide adds to the difficulty of control. In this paper, the current and future distributions of <i>O. arenosella</i> under three typical emission scenarios in 2050 and 2090 are projected based on the MaxEnt model combining 19 bioclimatic variables. Filter through the variables to find the four key environment variables: BIO 1, BIO 6, BIO 11 and BIO 4. The results show that <i>O. arenosella</i> is distributed only in the eight provinces of Tibet, Yunnan, Fujian, Guangxi, Taiwan, Guangdong, Hong Kong and Hainan in the southeastern region. Its high suitability area is concentrated in Taiwan and Hainan. In the long run, highly suitable areas will continue to increase in size, while moderately suitable areas and poorly suitable areas will decrease to varying degrees. This paper aims to provide theoretical references for the control of <i>O. arenosella</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":9370,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","volume":" ","pages":"682-690"},"PeriodicalIF":16.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142361124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature and relative humidity mediated life processes of <i>Spodoptera</i> species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).","authors":"Rameswor Maharjan, Seoyeon Hong, Youngnam Yoon, Yunwoo Jang, Kido Park","doi":"10.1017/S000748532400035X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S000748532400035X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anthropogenic-mediated climate change is expected to negatively affect pest management in agriculture. Hence, we investigated the oviposition, immature mortality, and developmental processes of <i>Spodoptera</i> species (<i>Spodoptera exigua</i> (Hübner) and <i>Spodoptera litura</i> (Fabricius)) under different temperatures (20, 25, and 30°C) and relative humidity (RH) (30-35, 50-55, 70-75, and 90-95%) conditions. For fecundity, mouths of each <i>Spodoptera</i> species were released into a rectangular box whose inner walls were covered with a sheet of white paper for each combination of temperature and RH. The mouths were kept inside the box to deposit eggs for 72 h. Temperature and RH significantly affected the fecundity, with the maximum number of eggs laid in 70-75% at 30°C. The highest egg and larval mortalities were recorded in 30-35 and 90-95% RH, respectively. Temperature and RH greatly affected the developmental period (egg-adult) and adult emergence rate. The rapid development was recorded in 70-75% RH at 30°C. Higher number of adults was found with an increase in temperature and RH. Adult longevity was significantly higher in 70-75% RH at 20°C. Based on the present study's findings, temperature and RH had an individual apparent effect on the developmental processes of <i>Spodoptera</i> species instead of an interactive effect. Therefore, there is need for an in-depth study of the influence of several climatic factors, including CO₂, on the developmental modality and demographic changes of <i>Spodoptera</i> species to assess the impacts of climatic components and the sustainable development of management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9370,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","volume":"114 5","pages":"606-612"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase involved in the lambda-cyhalothrin susceptibility on the green mirid bug <i>Apolygus lucorum</i>.","authors":"Congai Zhen, Rui Wu, Yao Tan, Ansheng Zhang, Lei Zhang","doi":"10.1017/S0007485324000488","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007485324000488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) is crucial for the detoxification process catalysed by cytochrome P450, which targets various exogenous xenobiotics, as well as pesticides. In our research, we successfully obtained the complete cDNA sequence of <i>Apolygus lucorum</i>'s CPR (<i>AlCPR</i>) using reverse transcription PCR along with rapid amplification of cDNA ends technology. Bioinformatics analysis exhibited that the inferred amino acid sequence of AlCPR is characteristic of standard CPRs, featuring an N-terminal membrane anchor and three conserved FMN, FAD and NADP binding sites. Phylogenetic result revealed that AlCPR was positioned within the Hemiptera cluster, showing a close evolutionary relationship with the CPR of <i>Cimex lectularius</i>. The real-time quantitative PCR results demonstrated widespread expression of <i>AlCPR</i> across various life stages and tissues of <i>A. lucorum</i>, with the most prominent expression in adults and the abdominal region. Injecting double-stranded RNA of <i>AlCPR</i> only significantly increased the lambda-cyhalothrin susceptibility in lambda-cyhalothrin-resistant strain rather than the susceptible strain. These findings suggest a potential link between AlCPR and the P450-dependent defence mechanism against lambda-cyhalothrin in <i>A. lucorum.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":9370,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","volume":" ","pages":"699-706"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142361123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling symbiotic bacterial communities in insects feeding on the latex-rich plant <i>Ficus microcarpa</i>.","authors":"Waleed Afzal Naveed, Qian Liu, Congcong Lu, Xiaolei Huang","doi":"10.1017/S0007485324000439","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007485324000439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The diversity and health of insects that feed on plants are closely related to their mutualistic symbionts and host plants. These symbiotic partners significantly influence various metabolic activities in these insects. However, the symbiotic bacterial community of toxic plant feeders still needs further characterisation. This study aims to unravel bacterial communities associated with the different species of insect representing three insect orders: Thysanoptera, Hemiptera, and Lepidoptera, along with their predicted functional role, which exclusively feeds on latex-rich plant species <i>Ficus microcarpa</i>. By using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing, the analysis was able to define the major alignment of the bacterial population, primarily comprising <i>Proteobacteria</i>, <i>Firmicutes</i>, <i>Bacteroidota</i>, <i>Actinobacteriota</i>, and <i>Acidobacteriota</i>. Significant differences in symbiotic organisms between three insect groups were discovered by the study: hemipterans had <i>Burkholderia</i> and <i>Buchnera</i>, and lepidopterans had <i>Acinetobacter</i>. At the same time, <i>Pseudomonas</i> was detected in high abundance in both lepidopteran and thysanopteran insects. Furthermore, these symbionts exhibit consistent core functions, potentially explaining how different insects can consume the same host plant. The identified core functions of symbionts open avenues for innovative approaches in utilising these relationships to develop environment-friendly solutions for pest control, with broader implications for agriculture and environmental conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9370,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","volume":" ","pages":"652-662"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence of circulating recombinants between deformed wing virus and <i>Varroa destructor</i> virus-1 in honey bee colonies in Türkiye.","authors":"Murat Şevik, Aykut Zerek, İpek Erdem, Mehmet Yaman","doi":"10.1017/S000748532400052X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S000748532400052X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deformed wing virus (DWV), which is an important honey bee virus transmitted by <i>Varroa destructor (V. destructor)</i>, causes colony losses in honey bee colonies. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of DWV in honey bees in Türkiye and to determine the role of <i>V. destructor</i> in the transmission of the genetic variants of DWV. Honey bee samples were collected from 62 apiaries, by simple random sampling, during March 2022 and April 2023. The presence of <i>V. destructor</i> in collected bee samples was examined using a stereo microscope. Real-time RT-PCR was used for the detection of DWV-A and DWV-B (<i>Varroa destructor</i> virus-1 (VDV-1)) viruses. Genetic characterisation of the positive samples was conducted by sequencing polyprotein genomic region. Considering the <i>V. destructor</i> infestation rate of 3% as relevant, out of the 62 apiaries examined, 17 (27.4%) were positive. However, DWV-A and VDV-1 specific RNA was not detected in <i>V. destructor</i> samples. VDV-1 specific RNA was detected in 6.5% (4/62) of the apiaries, whereas DWV-A was not detected in the sampled apiaries. Phylogenetic analysis showed that isolates detected in this study were located in a separate cluster from previously characterised DWV-A and VDV-1 isolates. According to RDP4 and GARD analyses, DWV-VDV-1 recombination breakpoints were detected in field isolates. To the best our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of VDV-1-DWV recombinants in Türkiye. Further studies are needed to determine the impact of VDV-1-DWV recombinants and their virological and antigenic properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":9370,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","volume":" ","pages":"631-641"},"PeriodicalIF":16.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142495573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of lead (Pb) and pest damage on soil enzyme activities, pakchoi and Spodoptera litura performance","authors":"Huiyang Liu, Yimeng Shi, Yuxuan Zou, Zaiya Song, Huai Tian, Xianjun Yang, Xiaohong Li","doi":"10.1017/s0007485324000208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007485324000208","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plant–soil interactions have bottom–up and top–down effects within a plant community. Heavy metal pollution can change plant–soil interactions, directly influence bottom–up effects and indirectly affect herbivores within the community. In turn, herbivores can affect plant–soil interactions through top–down effects. However, the combined effects of heavy metals and herbivores on soil enzymes, plants and herbivores have rarely been reported. Therefore, the effects of lead (Pb), <span>Spodoptera litura</span> and their combined effects on soil enzyme activities, pakchoi nutrition, defence compounds and <span>S. litura</span> fitness were examined here. Results showed that Pb, <span>S. litura</span> and their combined effects significantly affected soil enzymes, pakchoi and <span>S. litura</span>. Specifically, exposure to double stress (Pb and <span>S. litura</span>) decreased soil urease, phosphatase and sucrase activities compared with controls. Furthermore, the soluble protein and sugar contents of pakchoi decreased, and the trypsin inhibitor content and antioxidant enzyme activity increased. Finally, the <span>S. litura</span> development period was extended, and survival, emergence rates and body weight decreased after exposure to double stress. The combined stress of Pb and <span>S. litura</span> significantly decreased soil enzyme activities. Heavy metal accumulation in plants may create a superposition or synergistic effect with heavy metal-mediated plant chemical defence, further suppressing herbivore development. Pb, <span>S. litura</span> and their combined effects inhibited soil enzyme activities, improved pakchoi resistance and reduced <span>S. litura</span> development. The results reveal details of soil–plant–herbivore interactions and provide a reference for crop pest control management in the presence of heavy metal pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":9370,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting potential habitat distribution of the invasive species Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier in China based on MaxEnt modelling technique and future climate change","authors":"Zhiling Wang, Zhihang Zhuo, Habib Ali, Sumbul Mureed, Quanwei Liu, Xuebin Yang, Danping Xu","doi":"10.1017/s0007485324000336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007485324000336","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Changes in the distribution of species due to global climate change have a critically significant impact on the increase in the spread of invasive species. An in-depth study of the distribution patterns of invasive species and the factors influencing them can help to better predict and combat invasive alien species. <span>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</span> Olivier is an invasive species that primarily harms plants of <span>Trachycarpus</span> H. Wendl. The pest invades trees in three main ways: by laying eggs and incubating them in the crown of the plant, on roots at the surface and at the base of the trunk or petiole. Most of the plants in the genus <span>Trachycarpus</span> are taller, and the damage is concentrated in the middle and upper parts of the plant, making control more difficult. In this paper, we combine 19 bioclimatic variables based on the MaxEnt model to project the current and future distributions of <span>R. ferrugineus</span> under three typical emission scenarios (2.6 W m<span>−2</span> (SSP1-2.6), 4.5 W m<span>−2</span> (SSP2-4.5) and 8.5 W m<span>−2</span> (SSP5-8.5)) in the 2050s and 2090s. Among the 19 bioclimatic variables, five variables were screened out by contribution rates, namely annual mean temperature (BIO 1), precipitation of driest quarter (BIO 17), minimum temperature of coldest month (BIO 6), mean diurnal range (BIO 2) and precipitation of wettest quarter (BIO 16). These five variables are key environmental variables that influence habitat suitability for <span>R. ferrugineus</span> and are representative in reflecting its potential habitat. The results showed that <span>R. ferrugineus</span> is now widely distributed in the southeastern coastal area of China (high suitability zone), concentrating in the provinces of Hainan, Guangdong, Fujian, Guangxi and Taiwan. In the future, the area of high and low suitability zones will increase and the area of medium suitability zones will decrease. The area of low suitability zone will still be in the largest proportion. This study aims to provide a theoretical reference for the future control of <span>R. ferrugineus</span> from the perspective of geographic distribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":9370,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptional response of laboratory-reared Mexican fruit flies (Anastrepha ludens Loew) to desiccation","authors":"Jesús Alejandro Zamora-Briseño, James M. Schunke, Mario A. Arteaga-Vázquez, José Arredondo, Marco T. Tejeda, José Trinidad Ascencio-Ibáñez, Francisco Díaz-Fleischer","doi":"10.1017/s0007485324000373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007485324000373","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Confronting environments with low relative humidity is one of the main challenges faced by insects with expanding distribution ranges. <span>Anastrepha ludens</span> (the Mexican fruit fly) has evolved to cope with the variable conditions encountered during its lifetime, which allows it to colonise a wide range of environments. However, our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the ability of this species to confront environments with low relative humidity is incomplete. In this sense, omic approaches such as transcriptomics can be helpful for advancing our knowledge on how this species copes with desiccation stress. Considering this, in this study, we performed transcriptomic analyses to compare the molecular responses of laboratory-reared <span>A. ludens</span> exposed and unexposed to desiccation. Data from the transcriptome analyses indicated that the responses to desiccation are shared by both sexes. We identified the up-regulation of transcripts encoding proteins involved in lipid metabolism and membrane remodelling, as well as proteases and cuticular proteins. Our results provide a framework for understanding the response to desiccation stress in one of the most invasive fruit fly species in the world.</p>","PeriodicalId":9370,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","volume":"155 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression profiling of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) microRNAs and microRNA core genes by Bacillus thuringiensis GS57 infection","authors":"Bo Gao, Yu-Jie Ji, Dan Zhao, Lu Zhang, Han Wu, Yi-Fan Xie, Qiu-Yu Shi, Wei Guo","doi":"10.1017/s0007485324000300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007485324000300","url":null,"abstract":"<p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, non-coding RNAs, which are functional in a variety of biological processes through post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. However, the role of miRNAs in the interaction between <span>Bacillus thuringiensis</span> and insects remains unclear. In this study, small RNA libraries were constructed for <span>B. thuringiensis</span>-infected (Bt) and uninfected (CK) <span>Spodoptera exigua</span> larvae (treated with double-distilled water) using Illumina sequencing. Utilising the miRDeep2 and Randfold, a total of 233 known and 726 novel miRNAs were identified, among which 16 up-regulated and 34 down-regulated differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were identified compared to the CK. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that potential target genes of DE miRNAs were associated with ABC transporters, fatty acid metabolism and MAPK signalling pathway which are related to the development, reproduction and immunity. Moreover, two miRNA core genes, <span>SeDicer1</span> and <span>SeAgo1</span> were identified. The phylogenetic tree showed that lepidopteran Dicer1 clustered into one branch, with SeDicer1 in the position closest to <span>Spodoptera litura</span> Dicer1. A similar phylogenetic relationship was observed in the Ago1 protein. Expression of <span>SeDicer1</span> increased at 72 h post infection (hpi) with <span>B. thuringiensis</span>; however, expression of <span>SeDicer1</span> and <span>SeAgo1</span> decreased at 96 hpi. The RNAi results showed that the knockdown of <span>SeDicer1</span> directly caused the down-regulation of miRNAs and promoted the mortality of <span>S. exigua</span> infected by <span>B. thuringiensis</span> GS57. In conclusion, our study is crucial to understand the relationship between miRNAs and various biological processes caused by <span>B. thuringiensis</span> infection, and develop an integrated pest management strategy for <span>S. exigua</span> via miRNAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9370,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ‘Goldilocks Grub’: reproductive responses to leafroller host development in Goniozus jacintae, a parasitoid of the light brown apple moth","authors":"Emma Aspin, Michael A. Keller, Ian C. W. Hardy","doi":"10.1017/s0007485324000348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007485324000348","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many parasitoids alter their reproductive behaviour in response to the quality of encountered hosts. They make adaptive decisions concerning whether to parasitise a potential host, the number of eggs laid on an accepted host, and the allocation of sex to their offspring. Here we present evidence that <span>Goniozus jacintae</span> Farrugia (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), a gregarious ectoparasitoid of larval tortricids, adjusts its reproductive response to the size and developmental stage of larvae of the light brown apple moth (LBAM), <span>Epiphyas postvittana</span> (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). <span>Goniozus jacintae</span> parasitises instars 3–6 of LBAM, but most readily parasitises the later, larger, instars. Brood sizes were bigger on larger hosts and brood sex ratios were female biased (proportion of males = 0.23) with extremely low variance (never &gt;1 male in a brood at emergence), perhaps the most precise of all studied bethylids. Host size did not influence brood development time, which averaged 19.64 days, or the body size of male offspring. However, the size of females was positively correlated with host size and negatively correlated with brood size. The sizes of individual males and females were positively related to the average amount of host resource available to individuals within each brood, suggesting that adult body size is affected by scramble competition among feeding larvae. Average brood sizes were: 3rd instar host, 1.3 (SE ± 0.075); 4th instar, 2.8 (SE ± 0.18); 5th instar, 4.7 (SE ± 0.23); 6th instar, 5.4 (SE ± 0.28). The largest brood size observed was 8 individuals (7 females, 1 male) on the 6th instar of LBAM. These results suggest that later instars would give the highest yield to optimise mass-rearing of <span>G. jacintae</span> if used for augmentative biological pest control.</p>","PeriodicalId":9370,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142198498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}