Human factors in healthcare最新文献

{"title":"The perils of modern telemetry: A human factors perspective","authors":"Jenna Korentsides ,&nbsp;Zander N. Miller ,&nbsp;Elizabeth H. Lazzara ,&nbsp;Rosemarie Fernandez ,&nbsp;Joseph R. Keebler","doi":"10.1016/j.hfh.2025.100102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hfh.2025.100102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hospital telemetry, initially developed for monitoring astronauts, has evolved significantly to become a staple in modern medical practice. This paper explores the cognitive demands placed on healthcare professionals by advanced telemetry systems and identifies potential risks associated with their use in hospital settings. Through an examination of cognitive processes such as attention, vigilance, multi-tasking, mental workload, memory, and situation awareness, this study highlights the challenges faced by healthcare professionals in managing the complex streams of data generated by telemetry devices. The paper portrays a table with these cognitive factors, their influences on the task of hospital telemetry monitoring, and proposed solutions. It emphasizes the need for aligning telemetry system design with human cognitive strengths and limitations to enhance patient monitoring and improve care outcomes. By integrating advanced decision support systems, ergonomic designs, and targeted training programs, this paper suggests strategies to mitigate cognitive overload and enhance the effectiveness of telemetry in hospital settings. The ultimate goal is to provide guidance for future research and the development of interventions that support telemetry staff, thereby improving the safety and efficacy of patient care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93564,"journal":{"name":"Human factors in healthcare","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered testbeds for investigating syringe injection performance in human factors studies","authors":"Andrew Pack ,&nbsp;Sabrina Su ,&nbsp;Frank A. Drews ,&nbsp;Amrish Chourasia ,&nbsp;Kevin Cluff ,&nbsp;Joy Guerrieri ,&nbsp;Jungkyu Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.hfh.2025.100091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hfh.2025.100091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We aimed to develop two injection testing systems to allow future work to measure the dynamic performance of injections using prefilled syringes across different fluid viscosities.</div></div><div><h3>Background</h3><div>Subcutaneous (SC) injections, delivered into adipose tissue, are a convenient and cost-effective method of administering medications. However, administration via syringes can pose physical ergonomic challenges as the medication viscosity increases.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To investigate the relationship between applied force and fluid viscosity, we constructed two testing systems: a passive system using prefilled syringes containing fluids of different viscosities and an active system that simulates different fluid viscosities by adjusting the cross-sectional area of a tube to modulate fluidic resistance. Both systems record the force exerted on the syringe plunger.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Results from data collection using a syringe pump with solutions of 5, 10, 15, and 20 centipoise (cP) revealed a polynomial relationship between viscosity and force, contrary to the expected linear relationship. This unexpected pattern likely resulted from complex fluid dynamics in the 27-gauge needle. Testing of both systems confirmed that fluidic resistance control through viscosity and resistance effectively captured injection profiles. User testing further supported these findings.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The test systems provide valuable insights into the complex interplay between fluid viscosity, applied force, and syringe characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Application</h3><div>These findings can inform future syringe design, needle gauge selection, and help establish upper viscosity limits for SC injectable medications. The presented systems offer valuable tools for future Human Factors studies, enabling quantification of user strength during syringe injections across various groups, including those with hand impairments.</div></div><div><h3>Précis</h3><div>Two novel testing systems mimicking variable viscosity injections through fluidic or mechanical property variation enable the quantification of user strength in Human Factors studies and inform syringe design and viscosity limits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93564,"journal":{"name":"Human factors in healthcare","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100091"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When, where, who, what, and why? The five Ws of workflow analysis for implementing an AI decision support tool at the intensive care","authors":"Anne A.H. de Hond ,&nbsp;Suzanne Vosslamber ,&nbsp;Sanne Lange ,&nbsp;Friso Engel ,&nbsp;Mette Lindhout ,&nbsp;Puck Noorlag ,&nbsp;Ewout W. Steyerberg ,&nbsp;Giovanni Cinà ,&nbsp;M. Sesmu Arbous","doi":"10.1016/j.hfh.2025.100095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hfh.2025.100095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There has been a surge in the development of clinical artificial intelligence (AI) decision support tools. Yet, few of these tools have been implemented into clinical practice. A lack of understanding of the clinical workflow may hamper implementation.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study develops and illustrates a method for the analysis of a clinical decision-making workflow at the ICU to facilitate the safe and efficient implementation of an AI decision support tool.</div></div><div><h3>Material &amp; Methods</h3><div>A method is proposed that uses observations to study the context in which clinical decisions occur (physical workflow), and the key factors influencing decision-making (cognitive workflow). This approach provides a comprehensive understanding of the ‘when’, ‘where’, ‘who’, ‘what’, and ‘why’ of the decision-making process. The method was applied to a use case involving the decision to discharge a patient from the ICU to the regular ward.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results showed that the proposed methodology effectively provided a thorough understanding of the physical workflow, in terms of time, location, actors, and materials for receiving decision support with AI. Additionally, it identified the key factors influencing the cognitive workflow.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We presented a method for the workflow analysis of clinical decision-making at the ICU before AI implementation. A thorough understanding of the clinical workflow is essential for implementation of an AI decision support tool. This method forms a blueprint and further validation is needed for other clinical contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93564,"journal":{"name":"Human factors in healthcare","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100095"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying stressors and coping mechanisms for residents in the ICU: A mixed-method work system study","authors":"Ilse Super ,&nbsp;Bijun Wang ,&nbsp;Linghan Zhang ,&nbsp;Onur Asan","doi":"10.1016/j.hfh.2025.100097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hfh.2025.100097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Intensive care unit (ICU) residents often experience high levels of stress due to demanding work conditions. Understanding the specific stressors and coping mechanisms is essential for improving their well-being and the quality of patient care.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Our objective is to identify the primary stressors ICU residents face and explore their coping mechanisms by utilizing the SEIPS framework for work system design in health care.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A mixed-method study was conducted involving surveys and interviews with ICU residents. Quantitative data on stress levels related to various work stressors were collected and analyzed, complemented by qualitative insights from post-study interviews.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Residents reported the highest stress levels, with some above moderate related to work tasks, especially stressors such as high workload and emotional challenges. Most of the reported stressors in the interviews were also classified under the “task” element of the work system model, such as very sick patient cases and coded patients. Contrastingly, coping mechanisms were mostly reported in organizational and personal domains, such as finding emotional support and advice from others.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights the importance of understanding ICU residents' stressors and coping strategies. These insights can be used to improve organizational support for stress reduction, which can enhance resident well-being. Next to that, our study explores opportunities for unutilized areas like implementing tools and technologies for stress management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93564,"journal":{"name":"Human factors in healthcare","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100097"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Medicare-related decision-making by older adults: Role of technology support","authors":"Hye Soo Lee,&nbsp;Raksha A. Mudar,&nbsp;Wendy A. Rogers","doi":"10.1016/j.hfh.2025.100104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hfh.2025.100104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Medicare is a federal health insurance program with important public health implications for the older U.S. population. Thus, it is critical to support older adults in making informed decisions about Medicare plan enrollment. We conducted a narrative review of the research literature on Medicare knowledge, decision-making, and technology utilization for healthcare decisions by older adults to identify their need for support. We found that older adults had varying degrees of Medicare knowledge, which was mostly obtained from other people (e.g., friends, insurance brokers). Although assistive technology tools such as the Medicare.gov website and Medicare Plan Finder are available, older adults considered these tools difficult to use. As cognitive abilities, strategies, and the amount of information presented are associated with decision-making qualities, we suggest offering training on decision-making and technology use and using more inclusive website designs. Also, older adults’ characteristics and preferences in decision-making, such as stress avoidance and the need for reassurance, should be carefully considered. We have provided implications for both research and policy that emerged.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93564,"journal":{"name":"Human factors in healthcare","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of a human factors approach to investigate the hospital to home transition for patients with multiple long-term conditions","authors":"Mikas Glatkauskas ,&nbsp;Malin O. Syversen ,&nbsp;Marianne Lea ,&nbsp;Michael Scott ,&nbsp;Karin Svensberg ,&nbsp;Berit G. Denstad ,&nbsp;Torunn Wibe ,&nbsp;Liv Mathiesen","doi":"10.1016/j.hfh.2025.100100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hfh.2025.100100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Patients with multiple long-term conditions (MLTCs) can encounter difficulties in medication management after hospital discharge. This challenge is exacerbated by the inadequate communication between healthcare sectors. Our study aimed to investigate hospital discharge and the processes involved focusing on medication management for patients with MLTCs transitioning from hospital to home. A human factors and systems engineering approach was employed and integrated the perspectives of patients, general practitioners (GPs) and homecare nurses (HCNs) to identify barriers and facilitators for the outcomes of these stakeholders.</div><div>Semi-structured interviews with 21 patients and focus group interviews involving 14 GPs and 10 HCNs were conducted. Home-dwelling patients with MLTCs ≥ 18 years using a minimum of 4 medications for a minimum of 2 separate conditions were included from two geriatric wards and one internal medicine ward at a university hospital in Oslo, Norway. GPs and HCNs were included from various primary care units in Oslo, Norway. Utilizing the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) framework we examined how individuals, tasks, tools, environment, and organizational context interact within work processes.</div><div>We identified 5 individual key work processes which were shaped by the interaction of the 5 work system elements. Person and technological factors were the most prominent in shaping performance. Patient empowerment was described as a facilitator for several work processes. However, some GPs described the patients’ medical knowledge as an important barrier affecting the patients’ ability of understanding medication regimens. Organizational factors such as time limitation often affect the HCPs priorities when addressing patient needs. Additionally, the complexity of medication lists for one patient was a key task barrier that hindered optimal information flow between the patient, hospital, and primary care units resulting in outcomes such as increased workload for the HCP and potential medication errors for patients.</div><div>This study investigated the intricate hospital to home transition from the patient and HCP perspectives respectively. Facilitators and barriers were discovered that could guide the implementation of strategies for a secure hospital to home transition and patient centered medication management for individuals with MLTCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93564,"journal":{"name":"Human factors in healthcare","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the impact of shift work length and time of day on musculoskeletal disorders among nursing assistants in long-term care","authors":"Ryan L. Bellacov,&nbsp;Kermit G. Davis,&nbsp;Chunhui He","doi":"10.1016/j.hfh.2025.100094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hfh.2025.100094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>AIM</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate differences in activity and body movements for the different 8-hour shifts and extended 12-hour shifts at a long-term healthcare facility. The secondary aim will focus on determining the impact of shift work time of day on musculoskeletal injuries causing days off.</div></div><div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nursing assistants have heavy physical workloads, which results in high turnover and musculoskeletal pain.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The research team observed 240 shifts for 54 nursing assistants in five long-term healthcare facilities. The researchers completed direct observations of posture through the utilization of an ergonomic evaluation tool using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment using a random sampling (equivalent of 12 times per hour). An activity monitor continuously captured the time spent sitting, standing, and walking, along with the associated energy expenditure while working.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The most significant results were in physical activity, with an 8-hour day percent of total time walking being double the amount at 48.4% compared to night shifts at 23.1% (total steps per hour: 1704 compared to 763, respectively). REBA scores for the upper body on the day shift are more ergonomically challenging (risk rating: 7 to 5, respectively). The 12-hour shifts negatively impact on the lower back and shoulder, causing injuries in long-term care.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Overall, an 8-hour day had the most impact on energy expenditure. In addition, 8-hour shifts had a higher incidence of lower back pain, resulting in the most frequent loss of work. The incidence of loss of workdays affects employee well-being, productivity, and medical associated costs. Nearly 20% of the nurse assistants' observations had poor posture with medium to high risk.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>Healthcare managers could help the physical strain that nursing assistants endure by targeting footwear, poor posture, and fatigue. While the higher workload in this study did not equate to higher musculoskeletal pain, the complexity of the normal work tasks likely resulted in complex demands on the nursing assistants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93564,"journal":{"name":"Human factors in healthcare","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing safety in ophthalmic surgery: Database analysis of intraocular lens implantations in Japan for classification of human errors","authors":"Karin Kato,&nbsp;Yumi Matsumura","doi":"10.1016/j.hfh.2025.100103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hfh.2025.100103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is a common and frequently performed surgical procedure. While errors are rare, they continue to occur, which indicates the current countermeasures are insufficient. Our aim was to analyze IOL implantation errors in Japan, classify the errors into different types, and propose countermeasures specific to each error type to prevent them from occurring.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Incident reports of incorrect IOL implantations from the Japan Council for Quality Health Care database (2010–2020) were reviewed. Two researchers analyzed each incident report to identify the critical error, which was classified as a slip (i.e., performance error), lapse (i.e., memory error), mistake (i.e., rule- or knowledge-based error), or violation (i.e., deviation from normal operating procedure).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 57 incidents, three were excluded due to insufficient information. Among the 54 remaining incidents, the most common critical error was a slip (<em>n</em> = 31, 57.4 %) followed by mistakes (<em>n</em> = 16, 29.6 %), violations (<em>n</em> = 4, 7.4 %), and lapses (<em>n</em> = 3, 5.6 %). Critical errors occurred during the IOL selection (<em>n</em> = 16, 29.6 %), preparation (<em>n</em> = 21, 38.9 %), and implantation (<em>n</em> = 17, 31.5 %) stages. Slips tended to occur in earlier stages while mistakes were more frequent in later stages.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The predominant errors in incorrect IOL implantations were slips and mistakes. Developing preventive measures specific to each error types is crucial. Slips can be mitigated by implementing safety procedures such as checklists and standardized protocols. Mistakes often occur in nonstandard situations, so prioritizing effective communication and nontechnical skills among team members will help ensure their psychological safety and improve their overall performance in clinical settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93564,"journal":{"name":"Human factors in healthcare","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking success: Exploring the application of eye tracking for simulator validation in the clinical and simulated environments","authors":"Haroula M. Tzamaras ,&nbsp;Joseph Mast ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Sinz ,&nbsp;Jason Moore ,&nbsp;Scarlett Miller","doi":"10.1016/j.hfh.2025.100101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hfh.2025.100101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Simulation-based training (SBT) is used to train medical residents before they perform procedures on patients, yet most simulators do not have reporting on their validation readily available. In SBT, there is no obvious standard for how validity tests of simulators should be conducted, or which type of validity should be used. Eye-tracking can be used to determine validity by comparing gaze patterns of physicians between the clinical and simulator environments, and between novices and experts. This exploratory study utilizes eye tracking to assess the validity of a central venous catheterization simulator, the Dynamic Haptic Robotic Trainer (DHRT)+.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Expert physicians (<em>N</em> = 5) conducted Ultrasound-Guided Internal Jugular Central Venous Catheterization (US-IJCVC) wearing the Tobii Glasses 3 eye tracker in the operating room for nonemergent cardiac procedures, and on the DHRT+. Novice residents (<em>N</em> = 12) conducted US-IJCVC wearing an eye tracker on the DHRT+. For analysis, US-IJCVC was divided into six standard segments and gaze metrics were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Paired sample <em>t</em>-tests comparing expert gaze between the operating room and the DHRT+ indicated predictive validity (<em>p</em>&lt;.05) for five out of six segments of US-IJCVC. Mann-Whitney U tests between novices and experts on the DHRT+ indicated construct validity (<em>p</em>&lt;.05) for three out of six segments of the procedure.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The results of this exploratory study indicate initial evidence of both predictive and construct validity on the DHRT+ and help to lay groundwork for using eye tracking in clinical research for simulator validation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93564,"journal":{"name":"Human factors in healthcare","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143881827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the efficacy of an educational ergonomics training module on improving positioning during the performance of venipuncture in phlebotomists","authors":"Maria Gjini,&nbsp;Tara L. Diesbourg","doi":"10.1016/j.hfh.2025.100096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hfh.2025.100096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the efficacy of ergonomics training on altering phlebotomists' posture while performing venipuncture.</div></div><div><h3>Background</h3><div>Phlebotomists often experience pain in their upper back, neck, and extremities due to holding non-neutral positions for prolonged periods. Ergonomics education has been found to increase workers’ postural awareness, which can improve working postures and reduce the risk for injury. While phlebotomists do receive some ergonomics training, it often focuses on lifting, which is less relevant to this population.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Participants were recorded performing venipuncture on a standardized patient. Participants then received an ergonomics training module and returned one week after completing the training to repeat the venipuncture process. Data were processed using Kinovea (v. 0.9.5) for angle digitizing and 3D-SSPP (VelocityEHS) for loading estimation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thoracic and hip flexion angles increased after completing the training module (95 % CI=10.782–4.312, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001 and 95 % CI=26.285–3.589, respectively), indicating that participants had adopted a more upright spine posture. L4/L5 compression and shear forces decreased after completing the training by an average of 336.55 N (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and 52.39 N (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), respectively, indicating that participants’ disc loading significantly decreased after viewing the training module.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These results suggest a promising ability for ergonomics training to reduce injury risk in this population during venipuncture. However, cumulative loading remains problematic, and more work needs to be done to reduce the remaining risk. Focusing on break schedules would be a valuable next step in protecting these workers.</div></div><div><h3>Application</h3><div>These recommendations can be used in workplaces where workers develop awkward postures due to static work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93564,"journal":{"name":"Human factors in healthcare","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100096"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}