Human factors in healthcare最新文献

{"title":"Designing technologies for self-care: Describing the lived experiences of individuals with rheumatoid arthritis","authors":"Marina Wada,&nbsp;James R. Wallace","doi":"10.1016/j.hfh.2022.100025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hfh.2022.100025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Self-care of a chronic illness is a lifelong management process that includes taking medications, monitoring symptoms, and coping with emotional and lifestyle changes. Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) research has often responded to these needs by developing technologies that help an individual quantify aspects of their chronic illness, like daily pain, flare ups, or personal behaviours like diet and exercise. But this quantification fails to account for the ongoing needs of understanding ones disease and maintaining a balanced lifestyle. To understand these needs, we interviewed 12 people about their lived experience with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). We performed a thematic analysis of collected data and identified three types of support currently lacking for RA: (1) psychosocial care (2) patient agency, and (3) lifestyle adaptations. Our results highlight the need to support long term uncertainty while living with a chronic illness and identify needs the HCI community should consider when developing self-care technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93564,"journal":{"name":"Human factors in healthcare","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100025"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772501422000227/pdfft?md5=05b7d7fb4a152d76d3103f12fadd9642&pid=1-s2.0-S2772501422000227-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43260451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medication safety for intensive care patients transferring to a hospital ward: A Hierarchical Task Analysis","authors":"Richard S Bourne ,&nbsp;Denham L Phipps ,&nbsp;Jennifer K Jennings ,&nbsp;Emma Boxall ,&nbsp;Franki Wilson ,&nbsp;Helen March ,&nbsp;Darren M Ashcroft","doi":"10.1016/j.hfh.2022.100030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hfh.2022.100030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims and objectives</h3><p>To identify the task steps involved in intensive care patients transferring to a hospital ward and their potential for human errors, and to prioritise areas to improve medication safety.</p></div><div><h3>Background</h3><p>Intensive care patients recovering to transfer to a hospital ward experience challenges to care continuity and safety, including medication safety. Medication errors are common on this interface of patient care, contributing to the risk of adverse drug events on the hospital ward and beyond. Human factors are an important consideration in these transfer-related medication errors.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A hierarchical task analysis, based on a goal of safe continuity of medication for intensive care patients on transfer to a hospital ward, was developed from local processes taken from four north of England hospital Trusts with electronic prescribing systems. The task analysis was developed and refined by the research team, incorporating documentary review of policies and procedures, and healthcare professional interviews. Failure modes for the key task steps impacting directly on patient medication safety were identified. Finally, ten intensive care healthcare professionals, individually graded each failure mode (1-5) in terms of the probability, criticality and detectability. Median grades for each parameter were used to determine an overall clinical risk score for each task step.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Ten task steps were identified (one conditional), comprising a total of 56 subordinate task steps (two conditional). Conditionality was based on integrated electronic prescribing system resource across the care interface. Thirty-four of the 56 (61%) subordinate task steps were considered by the research team to specifically involve medication continuity or safety aspects. Action omissions (operation, check, information communication) accounted for failure modes in twenty-four of the 34 (71%) task steps. Most task steps (25/34 (74%)) had one or more recovery steps, providing further safety opportunities. The medication review task for reviewing and re-introducing long-term medication had the highest cumulative risk score. The top six clinical risk scores for the failure modes involved task steps with some element of communication around medicines.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The safe continuity of medication for intensive care patients on transfer to a hospital ward is complex and prone to human error. Failure mode analysis indicated that medication review on intensive care prior to patient transfer, and communication around medication changes and plans, are particularly important risks that require addressing in any intervention developed to improve medication safety in this patient care transition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93564,"journal":{"name":"Human factors in healthcare","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772501422000276/pdfft?md5=01b7df77fd1540f4b037d5d183244b47&pid=1-s2.0-S2772501422000276-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42385693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflecting on four decades of progress in applying human factors engineering to medical devices","authors":"Michael E. Wiklund","doi":"10.1016/j.hfh.2022.100024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hfh.2022.100024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93564,"journal":{"name":"Human factors in healthcare","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100024"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772501422000215/pdfft?md5=1c66b6ba710e290ff0677192ac90f49c&pid=1-s2.0-S2772501422000215-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46785047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of health problems of rag pickers due to various hazards at Lucknow city","authors":"Santoshi Kumari,&nbsp;U.V. Kiran","doi":"10.1016/j.hfh.2022.100023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hfh.2022.100023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In India, rag pickers form the base of hierarchy of informal sector of the solid waste management. Occupational health and safety is one of the most important aspects of rag pickers.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This paper describes the various health problems faced by the rag pickers at Lucknow City.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>This study was carried out on four hundred rag pickers comprising of male and female. Multi stage random sampling technique was adopted for selecting rag pickers. Interview method was used to collect the information from the sample. The data has been collected from the rag pickers working in different sites of Lucknow city. The data was coded and analyzed using IBM SPSS 20.0 Version.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>It was observed from the data that rag pickers generally suffer from respiratory problems (19%), eye problems (40%), dermatological problems (22%) and injuries (60.5%). Additionally the high prevalence of general health problems such as fever (78%), cough and cold (83.5%), diarrhea and dysentery (40%) were reported to be high. Road accidents and fall (23%), animal bite (16.5%)) and frost bite (16.5%) significantly are higher among rag pickers.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Study shows the work related health problems were reported to be high. Efforts should be put to develop training materials on occupational and environmental health and injuries relating to rag pickers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93564,"journal":{"name":"Human factors in healthcare","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100023"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772501422000203/pdfft?md5=0923415e6446dd25d41c8602e52e7a0a&pid=1-s2.0-S2772501422000203-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43623820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing Human Factors to Improve Perioperative Adverse Event Investigations: An Integrated Approach","authors":"Joseph R. Keebler ,&nbsp;Elizabeth H. Lazzara ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Blickensderfer ,&nbsp;Thomas Looke ,&nbsp;Frank Rosemeier ,&nbsp;Brittany Almon ,&nbsp;Lou Barr ,&nbsp;Jeffrey Kuhlman","doi":"10.1016/j.hfh.2022.100010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hfh.2022.100010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Apply Human Factors (HF), systems engineering, and high reliability organizational principles to improve adverse event investigations in a regional hospital system.</p></div><div><h3>Background</h3><p>Given the complexity of medicine and healthcare systems, innovative thinking is required to ensure these systems are resilient to error. Understanding the work system and its constituent parts is fundamental to understanding how errors begin and propagate.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>This paper provides a discussion on employing a systems-based approach to improve perioperative adverse event investigations within a hospital system.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Data was collected across 13 investigations. The findings are summarized into 16 contributing factors, with 10 specific examples of critical/serious risks that were addressed by the hospital system.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Modern medicine needs to look to HF to improve safety and reduce errors. This manuscript provides a systems-based approach grounded in HF and organizational theories to improve how investigations are conducted and the approach to human error within a large hospital system.</p></div><div><h3>Application</h3><p>This work provides practical guidance for those who want to improve postoperative investigations within their own units or hospitals.</p></div><div><h3>Precis</h3><p>This article describes research that evolves the approach to accident investigation to improve perioperative adverse event investigations in hospital settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93564,"journal":{"name":"Human factors in healthcare","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100010"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772501422000070/pdfft?md5=aefdc58c6095d19c7299f34444cae81c&pid=1-s2.0-S2772501422000070-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44101728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying the uses and gratifications theory to identify motivational factors behind young adult's participation in viral social media challenges on TikTok","authors":"Grace Falgoust ,&nbsp;Emma Winterlind ,&nbsp;Prachi Moon ,&nbsp;Alden Parker ,&nbsp;Heidi Zinzow ,&nbsp;Kapil Chalil Madathil","doi":"10.1016/j.hfh.2022.100014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hfh.2022.100014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Social media usage can impact its users’ mental and physical health. In particular, social media challenges, activities performed by an individual or a group that are uploaded to a social networking site to achieve a specific goal, have the potential to encourage and spread positive and negative behavior. We conducted interviews with thirty-two college students (ages 18-23) and using qualitative analysis grounded in the Uses and Gratifications Theory determined the motivations underlying participation in these challenges on the rapidly growing and unique social media platform TikTok. Six categories consistent with the Uses and Gratifications Theory emerged from this analysis, indicating that individuals use TikTok for 1) entertainment, 2) convenience and utility for widespread communication, 3) increasing social interaction, 4) finding social support, 5) seeking and sharing information, and 6) escaping from everyday life. We discuss how these motivations can be used to minimize the spread of viral self-harm challenges through TikTok.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93564,"journal":{"name":"Human factors in healthcare","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100014"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772501422000112/pdfft?md5=66017f7a19cd46c3ebecc40599d45927&pid=1-s2.0-S2772501422000112-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41886088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating operating room distractions: A systematic review assessing intervention effectiveness","authors":"Suzan Ayas ,&nbsp;Bonnie A. Armstrong ,&nbsp;Sherman Wong ,&nbsp;Lauren Gordon ,&nbsp;Teruko Kishibe ,&nbsp;Teodor Grantcharov ,&nbsp;Birsen Donmez","doi":"10.1016/j.hfh.2022.100013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hfh.2022.100013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Distractions in the operating room (OR) are common and can threaten patient safety. A variety of strategies have been proposed to mitigate OR distractions. The objective of this review was to identify the strategies that have been implemented and evaluated in surgical settings and determine their effectiveness.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A systematic search was conducted in five databases (Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science) on 28 January 2020 and was updated on 5 November 2020. Original studies investigating the effects of OR distraction mitigation strategies on distraction rate, or technical (e.g., error rates) or non-technical performance measures (e.g., communication) were included. Excluded studies took place in non-surgical or clinical settings, were non-English, or did not empirically assess a distraction mitigation strategy. Risk of bias was assessed using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Quality Assessment Tools.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Ten studies were included in our final analysis, with three rated low, five rated medium and two rated high in risk of bias. Eight studies were conducted in real-OR settings and two were conducted in simulation, with auditory distractions targeted the most (n=5). A variety of strategies (e.g., training, signs, headset systems) were implemented, and all studies but one reported reduced distraction rates and/or improved outcomes (e.g., technical/non-technical performance measures, patient outcomes). Training was used as the most frequently implemented intervention (n=7/10) and was typically used as a supplemental strategy (n=6/7), such as training for teamwork or noise prevention. Only two studies provided explicit definitions of distraction, and outcome measures of intervention effectiveness varied widely, limiting our ability to aggregate findings.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Although few studies have evaluated the strategies that mitigate OR distractions, those that have, generally report them as effective. Standardized definitions and validated tools for evaluating OR distractions are needed to enable the aggregation of results in the literature and for the development of rigorous future research on reducing distractions in the OR that threaten patient safety.</p></div><div><h3>PROSPERO registration</h3><p>CRD42020185035</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93564,"journal":{"name":"Human factors in healthcare","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100013"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772501422000100/pdfft?md5=ae0419a1fbf0c82fd892ca400792131a&pid=1-s2.0-S2772501422000100-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45051024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of patient tubes and lines during early mobility in the intensive care unit","authors":"Ellen Benjamin ,&nbsp;Lindsey Roddy ,&nbsp;Karen K. Giuliano","doi":"10.1016/j.hfh.2022.100017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hfh.2022.100017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The purpose of this study was to better understand the impact of patient tubes/lines on early mobility therapy sessions for patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).</p></div><div><h3>Background</h3><p>Early mobility improves patient outcomes in the ICU, but its use is suboptimal. Significant barriers to early mobility include the risk of dislodging patient tubes/lines, nursing workload, and staffing constraints.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Secondary statistical analyses were conducted on an existing quality improvement dataset collected during the observation of 22 early mobility therapy sessions in four ICUs at two hospitals using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Spearman rho's calculations.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Patients had an average of 8.6 tubes/lines. During each early mobility session, staff spent an average of 12.4 minutes, or 61.4% of the total duration of time, focused on the management of patient tubes/lines. Significant positive correlations were found between; 1) the number of patient tubes/lines and the amount of time needed by staff to organize and manage them during early mobility activities (r = 0.517, p = 0.014), and 2) the number of patient tubes/lines and the number of staff required to assist during early mobility activities (r = 0.630, p = 0.002).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Patient tube/line management has significant implications on ICU staff time and workload during early mobility. Additional research is needed to better understand how nurses and other frontline staff manage patient tubes/lines during mobilization in the ICU.</p></div><div><h3>Application</h3><p>Researchers, healthcare providers, and engineers should identify tube/line management strategies to reduce workload and staffing barriers to early mobility in the ICU.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93564,"journal":{"name":"Human factors in healthcare","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100017"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772501422000148/pdfft?md5=61bfaa1b7cad1996525e90240bbd11d7&pid=1-s2.0-S2772501422000148-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41393221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human factors and patient safety in undergraduate healthcare education: A systematic review","authors":"Patricia Sheehan ,&nbsp;Aislinn Joy ,&nbsp;Aoife Fleming ,&nbsp;Helen Vosper ,&nbsp;Suzanne McCarthy","doi":"10.1016/j.hfh.2022.100019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hfh.2022.100019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>WHO Global Patient Safety Action Plan 2021–2030 presents Human Factors (HF) capacity development as a core strategic objective. HF has been identified as a suitable framework for delivery of patient safety education. Findings of a previous review identified a lack of formally articulated patient safety curricula with Human Factors and Ergonomics largely absent.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>to capture the extent to which HF is currently reported in the context of undergraduate healthcare curricula, and to characterise how it is reported using SEIPS 101.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Using a publication timeframe from 2016–2021 A systematic search was conducted using the following databases: Embase, Pubmed, Scopus, CINAHL and Eric. Relevant websites were searched for grey literature. The PETT (People, Environments, Tools and Tasks) component of SEIPS 101 was chosen as framework for data extraction and analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>25 papers were included in the review. In comparison with a previous review, findings demonstrate increased reporting of HF in the context of undergraduate healthcare curricula. SEIPS 101 helped identify both barriers and opportunities relating to HF implementation under the headings of people, environment, tools and tasks. Barriers included lack of shared safety language, lack of faculty expertise in patient safety (PS) as well as the lack of appropriate HF based competency framework to guide curriculum development. Opportunities included increased organisational collaboration between academic and clinical settings with respect to PS teaching. Educational accreditation bodies, and the professional regulators who influence them, were identified as important drivers of curricular change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93564,"journal":{"name":"Human factors in healthcare","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100019"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772501422000161/pdfft?md5=0ec4fa9a4f0bb55389c2179806a43b94&pid=1-s2.0-S2772501422000161-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44749400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of patient portals on perception of care quality, general health, and mental health: An exploratory analysis","authors":"Avishek Choudhury,&nbsp;Safa Elkefi,&nbsp;Olga Strachna,&nbsp;Onur Asan","doi":"10.1016/j.hfh.2022.100018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hfh.2022.100018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study analyzes the relationship between patients’ understanding of online medical records and their perception of care quality. It also explores the mediating role of patients’ general health perception and mental health and the moderating role of age in this relationship. The study develops and tests an exploratory conceptual model by analyzing the 2020 US-based Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. We checked the survey for multicollinearity and common method bias and adjusted for family-wise error. Using models 6 and 59 of the Hayes PROCESS macros, the study articulates a sequential mediation and a parallel moderated mediation model to capture the intended relationships. Patients’ understanding of online medical records had a significant positive association with the perception of care quality (Direct: <em>ß</em>=0.17; Indirect: <em>ß</em>=0.12). Additionally, the study captured the significant effect of age and perception of general health (self-health) on the perception of care quality. We also reported significant associations between mental health and general health perception (<em>ß</em>=0.26). These findings suggest that the patient portals' contents should be designed in a way to be easily understood by patients from various backgrounds to improve the overall care experience.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93564,"journal":{"name":"Human factors in healthcare","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100018"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277250142200015X/pdfft?md5=637ec2478776ff2ccd8a4707ad12558a&pid=1-s2.0-S277250142200015X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46662064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}