Psychoradiology最新文献

{"title":"Neuroimaging and neuroendocrine insights into food cravings and appetite interventions in obesity","authors":"Jin Huang, Chen Wang, Hang-Bin Zhang, Hui Zheng, Tao Huang, Jian-Zhong Di","doi":"10.1093/psyrad/kkad023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/psyrad/kkad023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article reviews the previous studies on the distinction between food cravings and appetite, and how they are regulated by hormones and reflected in brain activity. Based on existing research, food cravings are defined as individual preferences influenced by hormones and psychological factors, which differ from appetite, as they are not necessarily related to hunger or nutritional needs. The article also evaluates the neuroimaging findings about food cravings, and interventions to reduce food cravings, such as mindfulness training, alternative sweeteners, non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and imaginal retraining, and points out their advantages, disadvantages, and limitations. Furthermore, the article delves into the potential future directions in the field, emphasizing the need for a neuroendocrine perspective, considerations for associated psychiatric disorders, innovative clinical interventions, and emerging therapeutic frontiers in obesity management. The article outlines the neuro-endocrine basis of food cravings, including ghrelin, leptin, melanocortin, oxytocin, glucagon-like peptide-1, baclofen, and other hormones and their brain regions of action. The article argues that food cravings are an important target for obesity, and more research is needed to explore their complex characteristics and mechanisms, and how to effectively interact with their neuro-endocrine pathways. The article provides a new perspective and approach to the prevention and treatment of obesity.","PeriodicalId":93496,"journal":{"name":"Psychoradiology","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136307512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences of brain cortical structure in major depressive disorder","authors":"Jingping Mou, Ting Zheng, Zhiliang Long, Lan Mei, Yuting Wang, Yizhi Yuan, Xin Guo, Hongli Yang, Xinyu Hu, Qiyong Gong, Lihua Qiu","doi":"10.1093/psyrad/kkad014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/psyrad/kkad014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) has different clinical presentations in males and females. However, the neuroanatomical mechanisms underlying these sex differences are not fully understood. Objective The purpose of present study was to explore the sex differences in brain cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) of MDD and the relationship between these differences and clinical manifestations in different gender. Methods High-resolution T1-weighted images were acquired from 61 patients with MDD and 61 healthy controls (36 females and 25 males, both). The sex differences in CT and SA were obtained using the FreeSurfer software and compared between every two groups by post hoc test. Spearman correlation analysis was also performed to explore the relationships between these regions and clinical characteristics. Results In male patients with MDD, the CT of the right precentral was thinner compared to female patients, although this did not survive Bonferroni correction. The SA of several regions, including right superior frontal, medial orbitofrontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus triangle, superior temporal, middle temporal, lateral occipital gyrus, and inferior parietal lobule in female patients with MDD was smaller than that in male patients (P < 0.01 after Bonferroni correction). In female patients, the SA of the right superior temporal (r = 0.438, P = 0.008), middle temporal (r = 0.340, P = 0.043), and lateral occipital gyrus (r = 0.372, P = 0.025) were positively correlated with illness duration. Conclusion The current study provides evidence of sex differences in CT and SA in patients with MDD, which may improve our understanding of the sex-specific neuroanatomical changes in the development of MDD.","PeriodicalId":93496,"journal":{"name":"Psychoradiology","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135312279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in the application of molecular imaging in psychiatric disorders","authors":"Jia Tan, Guangying Zhang, Jiaqi Hao, Huawei Cai, Dingping Wu, Zhuoxiao Su, Beibei Liu, Min Wu","doi":"10.1093/psyrad/kkad020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/psyrad/kkad020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Psychiatric disorders have always attracted a lot of attention from researchers due to the difficulties in their diagnoses and treatments. Molecular imaging, as an emerging technology, has played an important role in the researchers of various diseases. In recent years, molecular imaging techniques including magnetic resonance spectroscopy, nuclear medicine imaging, and fluorescence imaging have been widely used in the study of psychiatric disorders. This review will briefly summarize the progression of molecular imaging in psychiatric disorders.","PeriodicalId":93496,"journal":{"name":"Psychoradiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136053008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visualizing the Mind's Eye: A Future Perspective on Applications of Image Reconstruction from Brain Signals to Psychiatry","authors":"Zitong Lu","doi":"10.1093/psyrad/kkad022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/psyrad/kkad022","url":null,"abstract":"In an era where neuroscience dances with computational advances, the power to “visualize” one's thoughts at image-level is no longer confined to the realm of science fiction. This groundbreaking image reconstruction from brain signals (IRBS) techniques, riding the wave of deep learning and large-scale neuroimaging datasets, offer an unprecedented perspective for not only neurocognitive research but also psychiatry. In this short commentary, I provide a concise introduction to the development of IRBS technology and offer a perspective on its potential applications, current limitations, and future directions in psychiatry.","PeriodicalId":93496,"journal":{"name":"Psychoradiology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136306418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ChatGPT: A Promising AI Technology for Psychoradiology Research and Practice","authors":"Nanfang Pan, Kun Qin, Aniruddha Shekara, Melissa P DelBello","doi":"10.1093/psyrad/kkad018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/psyrad/kkad018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93496,"journal":{"name":"Psychoradiology","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135801269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurobiological mechanisms and related clinical treatment of addiction: a review.","authors":"Yehong Fang, Yunkai Sun, Yi Liu, Tieqiao Liu, Wei Hao, Yanhui Liao","doi":"10.1093/psyrad/kkac021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/psyrad/kkac021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drug addiction or substance use disorder (SUD), has been conceptualized as a three-stage (i.e. binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect, and preoccupation/anticipation/craving) recurring cycle that involves complex changes in neuroplasticity, reward, motivation, desire, stress, memory, and cognitive control, and other related brain regions and brain circuits. Neuroimaging approaches, including magnetic resonance imaging, have been key to mapping neurobiological changes correlated to complex brain regions of SUD. In this review, we highlight the neurobiological mechanisms of these three stages of addiction. The abnormal activity of the ventral tegmental, nucleus accumbens, and caudate nucleus in the binge/intoxication stage involve the reward circuit of the midbrain limbic system. The changes in the orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hypothalamus emotional system in the withdrawal/negative affect stage involve increases in negative emotional states, dysphoric-like effects, and stress-like responses. The dysregulation of the insula and prefrontal lobes is associated with craving in the anticipation stage. Then, we review the present treatments of SUD based on these neuroimaging findings. Finally, we conclude that SUD is a chronically relapsing disorder with complex neurobiological mechanisms and multimodal stages, of which the craving stage with high relapse rate may be the key element in treatment efficacy of SUD. Precise interventions targeting different stages of SUD and characteristics of individuals might serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for SUD.</p>","PeriodicalId":93496,"journal":{"name":"Psychoradiology","volume":"2 4","pages":"180-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10917179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140875076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in neuroimaging studies of alcohol use disorder (AUD).","authors":"Ji-Yu Xie, Rui-Hua Li, Wei Yuan, Jiang Du, Dong-Sheng Zhou, Yu-Qi Cheng, Xue-Ming Xu, Heng Liu, Ti-Fei Yuan","doi":"10.1093/psyrad/kkac018","DOIUrl":"10.1093/psyrad/kkac018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a worldwide problem and the most common substance use disorder. Chronic alcohol consumption may have negative effects on the body, the mind, the family, and even society. With the progress of current neuroimaging methods, an increasing number of imaging techniques are being used to objectively detect brain impairment induced by alcoholism and serve a vital role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment assessment of AUD. This article organizes and analyzes the research on alcohol dependence concerning the main noninvasive neuroimaging methods, structural magnetic resonance imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and electroencephalography, as well as the most common noninvasive brain stimulation - transcranial magnetic stimulation, and intersperses the article with joint intra- and intergroup studies, providing an outlook on future research directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":93496,"journal":{"name":"Psychoradiology","volume":"2 4","pages":"146-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11003430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140862956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced homotopic interhemispheric connectivity in psychiatric disorders: evidence for both transdiagnostic and disorder specific features.","authors":"Shuxia Yao, Keith M Kendrick","doi":"10.1093/psyrad/kkac016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/psyrad/kkac016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is considerable interest in the significance of structural and functional connections between the two brain hemispheres in terms of both normal function and in relation to psychiatric disorders. In recent years, many studies have used voxel mirrored homotopic connectivity analysis of resting state data to investigate the importance of connectivity between homotopic regions in the brain hemispheres in a range of neuropsychiatric disorders. The current review summarizes findings from these voxel mirrored homotopic connectivity studies in individuals with autism spectrum disorder, addiction, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety and depression disorders, and schizophrenia, as well as disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, epilepsy, and insomnia. Overall, other than attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, studies across psychiatric disorders report decreased homotopic resting state functional connectivity in the default mode, attention, salience, sensorimotor, social cognition, visual recognition, primary visual processing, and reward networks, which are often associated with symptom severity and/or illness onset/duration. Decreased homotopic resting state functional connectivity may therefore represent a transdiagnostic marker for general psychopathology. In terms of disorder specificity, the extensive decreases in homotopic resting state functional connectivity in autism differ markedly from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, despite both occurring during early childhood and showing extensive co-morbidity. A pattern of more posterior than anterior regions showing reductions in schizophrenia is also distinctive. Going forward, more studies are needed to elucidate the functions of these homotopic functional connections in both health and disorder and focusing on associations with general psychopathology, and not only on disorder specific symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":93496,"journal":{"name":"Psychoradiology","volume":"2 4","pages":"129-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11003433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140868425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The pattern of cortical thickness underlying disruptive behaviors in Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Raymond M Xiong, Teng Xie, Haifeng Zhang, Tao Li, Gaolang Gong, Xin Yu, Yong He","doi":"10.1093/psyrad/kkac017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/psyrad/kkac017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Disruptive behaviors, including agitation, disinhibition, irritability, and aberrant motor behaviors, are commonly observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the neuroanatomical basis of these disruptive behaviors is not fully understood.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To confirm the differences in cortical thickness and surface area between AD patients and healthy controls and to further investigate the features of cortical thickness and surface area associated with disruptive behaviors in patients with AD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred seventy-four participants (125 AD patients and 49 healthy controls) were recruited from memory clinics at the Peking University Institute of Sixth Hospital. Disruptive behaviors, including agitation/aggression, disinhibition, irritability/lability, and aberrant motor activity subdomain scores, were evaluated using the Neuropsychiatry Inventory. Both whole-brain vertex-based and region-of-interest-based cortical thickness and surface area analyses were automatically conducted with the CIVET pipeline based on structural magnetic resonance images. Both group-based statistical comparisons and brain-behavior association analyses were performed using general linear models, with age, sex, and education level as covariables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with healthy controls, the AD patients exhibited widespread reduced cortical thickness, with the most significant thinning located in the medial and lateral temporal and parietal cortex, and smaller surface areas in the left fusiform and left inferior temporal gyrus. High total scores of disruptive behaviors were significantly associated with cortical thinning in several regions that are involved in sensorimotor processing, language, and expression functions. The total score of disruptive behaviors did not show significant associations with surface areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We highlight that disruptive behaviors in patients with AD are selectively associated with cortical thickness abnormalities in sensory, motor, and language regions, which provides insights into neuroanatomical substrates underlying disruptive behaviors. These findings could lead to sensory, motor, and communication interventions for alleviating disruptive behaviors in patients with AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":93496,"journal":{"name":"Psychoradiology","volume":"2 3","pages":"113-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10917178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140873883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The pyramid representation of the functional network using resting-state fMRI.","authors":"Zhipeng Yang, Luying Li, Yaxi Peng, Yuanyuan Qin, Muwei Li","doi":"10.1093/psyrad/kkac011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/psyrad/kkac011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) has been proved to be a useful tool to study the brain mechanism in the quest to probe the distinct pattern of inter-region interactions in the brain. As an important application of RS-fMRI, the graph-based approach characterizes the brain as a complex network. However, the network is susceptible to its scale that determines the trade-off between sensitivity and anatomical variability.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To balance sensitivity and anatomical variability, a pyramid representation of the functional network is proposed, which is composed of five individual networks reconstructed at multiple scales.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The pyramid representation of the functional network was applied to two groups of participants, including patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and normal elderly (NC) individuals, as a demonstration. Features were extracted from the multi-scale networks and were evaluated with their inter-group differences between AD and NC, as well as the discriminative power in recognizing AD. Moreover, the proposed method was also validated by another dataset from people with autism.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The different features reflect the highest sensitivity to distinguish AD at different scales. In addition, the combined features have higher accuracy than any single scale-based feature. These findings highlight the potential use of multi-scale features as markers of the disrupted topological organization in AD networks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We believe that multi-scale metrics could provide a more comprehensive characterization of the functional network and thus provide a promising solution for representing the underlying functional mechanism in the human brain on a multi-scale basis.</p>","PeriodicalId":93496,"journal":{"name":"Psychoradiology","volume":"2 3","pages":"100-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10917161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140869068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}