Psychoradiology最新文献

{"title":"Right inferior frontal contributions to visual spatial suppression and visuomotor performance.","authors":"Wenming Liu, Shuqin Ye, Yuyang Li, Sophia Wang, Bing Yun, Xize Jia, Le Luo, Mengyuan Gong, Hui Lu, Chanying Zheng","doi":"10.1093/psyrad/kkag030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/psyrad/kkag030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Elite racket sports demand visuomotor responses at the millisecond level, requiring rapid prioritization of task-relevant information while suppressing competing or redundant signals. Such perceptual filtering is reflected in spatial suppression, which declines with aging and in clinical cognitive disorders. This study investigated whether visual spatial suppression in expert table tennis players (TTPs) was linked to visuomotor reaction time, and whether prefrontal-visuomotor dynamics were associated with this link.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined 28 expert TTPs and 31 healthy controls using 7-Tesla MRI and psychophysical methods. Specifically, behavioral measures included visual spatial suppression and visuomotor reaction time (RT); an attentional cueing paradigm was used to quantify criterion shifts. Brain measures included gray matter volume (GMV) and static versus dynamic functional coupling between the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) and visuomotor cortex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TTPs showed faster visuomotor reaction times and stronger spatial suppression than healthy controls (<i>P</i> < 0.001 and <i>P</i> = 0.007, respectively). Within TTPs, faster RTs were associated with stronger suppression. Structurally, GMV in rIFG tracked suppression and attentional criterion shifts (Δc: 0.371 ± 0.086 vs 0.034 ± 0.079; <i>P</i> = 0.006). Functionally, dynamic (but not static) coupling between rIFG and the left postcentral gyrus (lPoCG) was associated with suppression strength (large-grating thresholds, partial <i>r</i> = 0.595, <i>P</i> = 0.002) and visuomotor RT (partial <i>r</i> = -0.436, <i>P</i> = 0.033) and statistically mediated the relationship between suppression and RTs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates the association between visuomotor reaction speed and spatial suppression in TTPs, and identifies rIFG-lPoCG dynamics as a systems-level index linking these perceptual and behavioral advantages. These cross-sectional findings suggest that perceptual filtering and rapid visuomotor behavior are correlated in expert performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":93496,"journal":{"name":"Psychoradiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"kkag030"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13655735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149186972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Brain entropy as a biomarker of major depression in adolescents and young adults: insights from multimodal resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/psyrad/kkag028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/psyrad/kkag028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkag009.].</p>","PeriodicalId":93496,"journal":{"name":"Psychoradiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"kkag028"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13554457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148922206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Many labels, shared threat processes: classifying domain-labelled anxieties by mechanism rather than context.","authors":"Peng Wang, Liye Zou, Fred Paas, Steven Laureys","doi":"10.1093/psyrad/kkag029","DOIUrl":"10.1093/psyrad/kkag029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychology has accumulated numerous 'X-anxieties'-math, test, foreign-language, public-speaking, driving, health, and others-each with its own scale and specialist literature. Yet these experiences often share a phenomenological core of anticipatory worry, bodily arousal, catastrophic simulation, and avoidance. This review considers whether many such labels index context-bound expressions of common threat-regulation processes rather than independent mechanisms. A mechanism-first account is developed from experience to process to biological implementation: threat appraisal under uncertainty, interoceptive inference, and attentional control are proposed as content-general operations through which diverse cues recruit a conserved defensive architecture. Human neuroimaging, psychophysiology, and comparative evidence are broadly compatible with this account but do not establish mechanistic identity. In particular, non-significant cross-domain differences cannot demonstrate equivalence without formal equivalence testing or Bayesian evidence, and the diphasic autonomic response in blood-injection-injury phobia constitutes a genuine boundary case, suggesting that a shared appraisal core may feed more than one effector profile. The shared-process account is therefore treated as a parsimonious, falsifiable hypothesis. It generates predictions and boundary conditions for cross-context neural generalization, autonomic equivalence, reliable cognitive transfer, and latent structure, together with designs capable of distinguishing common processes from domain-specific mechanisms. Classifying anxieties by process rather than label could improve measurement, sharpen mechanistic tests, and guide transdiagnostic interventions while avoiding premature reification of context-specific constructs.</p>","PeriodicalId":93496,"journal":{"name":"Psychoradiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"kkag029"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13621305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149083225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levels of suggestibility are associated with distinct patterns of intrinsic functional neural connectivity.","authors":"Menglu Chen, P J Alvarez Duran, Tatia M C Lee","doi":"10.1093/psyrad/kkag027","DOIUrl":"10.1093/psyrad/kkag027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Suggestibility refers to an individual's tendency to accept, believe, and act on information or ideas presented by others with limited critical evaluation or independent judgment. It reflects the extent to which a person's behaviors, choices, thoughts, and memories can be shaped by external prompts, leading questions, or social influences. Despite its relevance to human behaviors, its neuropsychological basis remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the behavioral, structural, and functional neural correlates of suggestibility in the domains of working memory and attentional control.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed the validated Multidimensional Iowa Suggestibility Scale (MISS) to measure the suggestibility of 42 healthy female participants. They were classified into the high suggestibility (HS) (<i>n</i> = 21) and low suggestibility (LS) (<i>n</i> = 21) groups based on their MISS scores. All participants underwent fMRI while performing working memory (N-back) and attentional control (Flanker) tasks, in addition to structural and resting-state scans.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Behaviorally, the HS group exhibited reduced reaction time interference in the Flanker task, suggesting enhanced attentional control. Voxel-based morphometry revealed greater gray matter volume in the right superior frontal gyrus and left postcentral gyrus among HS participants. Task-based activation analyses showed increased activation in frontal, parietal, and temporal regions in the HS group. Resting-state regions of interest (ROI)-to-ROI connectivity analysis revealed a significant increase in connectivity between the salience network (right supramarginal gyrus) and default mode network (right lateral parietal cortex) in the HS group.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our findings indicate that high and low levels of suggestibility are associated with distinct patterns of intrinsic functional connectivity. Also, suggestibility modulates attentional control, brain structure, and intrinsic functional connectivity. These findings provide important translational insights for applying suggestibility in therapeutic contexts. Future research should continue to elucidate the mechanisms underlying suggestibility and explore how these traits may be leveraged to enhance interventions across diverse populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":93496,"journal":{"name":"Psychoradiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"kkag027"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13559191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148932174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of database, pre-processing pipeline, and scan duration on rs-fMRI functional connectivity based treatment targets for TMS obtained using the Stanford Neuromodulation Therapy (SNT) protocol.","authors":"Lian Yu, Xue Li, Neil Roberts, Xiaoqi Huang, Haoyang Xing","doi":"10.1093/psyrad/kkag024","DOIUrl":"10.1093/psyrad/kkag024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is a therapeutic approach for treating depressive disorder. However, traditional anatomical methods often fail to localize a treatment target. The functional connectivity method represented by the Stanford Neuromodulation Therapy (SNT) has been proposed and demonstrated efficacy. A step of SNT is to achieve DLPFC target localization using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data, based on measurement of the negative correlation coefficient between the functional connectivity of DLPFC and the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study has three goals. Firstly, to apply the SNT protocol to investigate variability in target localization in four groups (Human Connectome Project [HCP], China Human Connectome Project [CHCP], major depressive disorder [MDD] from Huaxi Depression Imaging Cohort Study [HX-DICS], and healthy controls [HC] from HX-DICS) from three databases. Secondly, to investigate potential differences in how the DPABI and FSL rs-fMRI pre-processing pipelines, particularly the spatial smoothing, denoising, and temporal filtering steps, affect the localization of individualized DLPFC targets. Thirdly, to assess the effect of rs-fMRI scan duration (ranging from 6 to 30 min) on target localization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant inter-subject variability in DLPFC coordinates was found, emphasizing the necessity of individualized targeting. DPABI and FSL pre-processing produced significant differences in target coordinates, which exceeded 1 cm, with mean Euclidean distances ranging from 1.45 to 3.82 cm across cohorts, and individual maximum deviations reaching 6.14 cm. FSL pipeline consistently produced higher negative correlation coefficients than DPABI. Scan duration analysis indicated that after 12 min, the stability of individual target positions no longer improved significantly with prolonged scanning time, suggesting that approximately 12 min may provide sufficiently reliable data for target computation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Taken together, findings demonstrate that advancing precision neuromodulation therapy requires optimized data acquisition, standardized workflows, software-specific validation, and optimum scan duration.</p>","PeriodicalId":93496,"journal":{"name":"Psychoradiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"kkag024"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13418188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148623162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"White matter functional connectome topology and its clinical correlations in adolescent major depressive disorder.","authors":"Kangjia Chen, Xuemei Li, Hongyi Chen, Yaohui He, Yang Huang, Wenjing Wang, Shenglan Ran, Zhiqiang Huang, Kangyu Qiu, Xin Shu, Xiaocong Jiang, Xianghua Long, Wei Li, Wei Liao, Xinyu Zhou, Jiao Li","doi":"10.1093/psyrad/kkag025","DOIUrl":"10.1093/psyrad/kkag025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescence is a critical period for brain network remodeling and the onset of major depressive disorder (MDD); however, white matter (WM) functional topology in adolescent MDD remains underexplored. Given that WM functional signals reflect meaningful neural activity and are disrupted in psychiatric disorders, this study aimed to characterize WM functional connectome alterations in adolescents with MDD and examine their clinical associations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Resting-state fMRI data were obtained from a cohort of adolescents with MDD (<i>n</i> = 320) and healthy controls (HCs, <i>n</i> = 144), as well as from an independent replication cohort. Following the construction of thresholded WM functional networks, graph-theoretical analyses were used to calculate global topological properties. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was used to examine associations between topology and clinical symptoms, while exploratory classification assessed their discriminative information and generalizability. Furthermore, subgroup analyses were conducted to evaluate the effects of a history of suicide attempt, non-suicidal self-injury, childhood trauma, and sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with HCs, adolescent MDD exhibited significant reductions in the clustering coefficient, characteristic path length, and local efficiency. CCA identified distinct covariation patterns: reduced global integration was linked to severe suicidal ideation and depressed mood, while impaired local segregation was associated with vegetative symptoms such as weight loss and insomnia. Subgroup analyses revealed significant sexual dimorphism, with male patients demonstrating more severe topological impairments than females. A similar pattern was observed in the independent replication cohort. The classification analysis achieved above-chance accuracy (69.6 and 60% in the two cohorts).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results reveal a topologically shifted WM functional connectome structure in adolescent MDD, providing new clues to aid in understanding the pathophysiology of its pathophysiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":93496,"journal":{"name":"Psychoradiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"kkag025"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13384069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148611303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"fMRI-based prediction of eye gaze during naturalistic movie viewing reveals eye-movement-related brain activity.","authors":"Le Gao, Zhi Wei, Bharat B Biswal, Xin Di","doi":"10.1093/psyrad/kkag026","DOIUrl":"10.1093/psyrad/kkag026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Eye gaze provides crucial insights into perceptual and cognitive processes during naturalistic movie viewing, yet concurrent eye tracking is often unavailable in functional MRI (fMRI) research. While deep learning models can estimate gaze directly from fMRI eyeball signals, their out-of-the-box generalizability across heterogeneous datasets requires empirical evaluation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We applied a specific pre-trained model from the DeepMReye framework in a zero-shot setting (without dataset-specific fine-tuning) to estimate gaze during movie watching across three independent fMRI datasets. Model accuracy was evaluated against camera-based eye-tracking data and via inter-subject correlations. Furthermore, we derived eye-movement-related time series from the predicted gaze signals to map their associated brain activation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the individual level, predicted gaze showed modest correspondence with measured ground-truth data (<i>r</i> ≈ 0.24-0.37), yielding brain activation maps largely restricted to the visual cortex. In contrast, group-averaged gaze predictions exhibited substantially higher reliability (<i>r</i> ≈ 0.73-0.84). First-level general linear models (GLMs) derived from group-averaged predictions successfully revealed widespread activation across established oculomotor control regions, including the frontal and parietal eye fields. Exploratory analyses of age-related effects on gaze prediction and brain activity yielded inconsistent results across datasets.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Under a zero-shot implementation, the pre-trained model exhibits limitations for individual-level inference, likely reflecting the absence of dataset-specific training. However, group-averaged fMRI-based gaze estimates successfully capture shared viewing behaviors and robustly support the investigation of eye-movement-related brain activity. These findings inform the appropriate use of fMRI-based gaze decoding for naturalistic neuroimaging datasets lacking ground-truth eye-tracking logs.</p>","PeriodicalId":93496,"journal":{"name":"Psychoradiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"kkag026"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13421079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148633035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroimaging evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in psychiatric disorders: a review.","authors":"Jing Li, Xian Ma, Juan Liu, Wanze Xu, Xiaoyi Zhang, Feifei Liang, Yu Dou","doi":"10.1093/psyrad/kkag023","DOIUrl":"10.1093/psyrad/kkag023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation are two fundamental pathological processes underlying the development of psychiatric disorders. These processes are interconnected and may jointly contribute to disease progression. This article systematically reviews the progress of multimodal imaging approaches for assessing mitochondrial function, including magnetic resonance spectroscopy, PET tracers targeting mitochondrial complexes, MRI-based cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen, and emerging techniques such as T1ρ imaging and manganese-enhanced MRI, as well as neuroinflammation, including translocator protein (TSPO) PET, monoamine oxidase B PET, novel tracers targeting C3aR/IL-1β, and diffusion imaging techniques reflecting white matter microstructural alterations. These approaches have been applied to various psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, autism spectrum disorder, sleep disorders, and substance use disorders. Based on imaging evidence across different psychiatric disorders and cohorts, this review summarizes three transdiagnostic imaging features: impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism, alterations in glial cell immune status, and white matter microstructural alterations associated with neuroinflammation. However, although individual imaging techniques have independently identified mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation, few studies have applied dual-target imaging within the same research cohort. The direct relationship between these processes remains unverified by <i>in vivo</i> studies. This review outlines the shared imaging features of various psychiatric disorders and examines the utility of multimodal imaging techniques in investigating mitochondrial and neuroinflammatory pathologies. It aims to provide new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":93496,"journal":{"name":"Psychoradiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"kkag023"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13355532/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148427074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurodevelopmental and behavioral correlates of household structure independent of socioeconomic status.","authors":"Kaitlynn E Ellis, Amar Camara, Camille Archer, Yulan D Chen, Antonia N Kaczkurkin","doi":"10.1093/psyrad/kkag022","DOIUrl":"10.1093/psyrad/kkag022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Parental socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with children's brain development and mental health but does not fully capture variation in caregiving environments. Household structure, including the number of caregivers in the home, may also shape children's experiences through differences in supervision, support, and daily demands. Because household structure and SES are closely linked, it remains unclear whether differences in child outcomes reflect economic conditions, caregiving context, or both. This study examined whether household structure is associated with psychopathology symptoms and brain structure after accounting for SES.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants included 7890 children (ages 9-10) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study living in households with one or two caregivers. Associations between household structure, psychopathology, and gray matter volume were examined while controlling for age, sex, site, family income, and parental education. Sensitivity analyses included additional caregiving and mental health factors. Mediation analyses tested whether total cortical and subcortical volumes were associated with the relationship between household structure and psychopathology. For all analyses, multiple comparisons were controlled using false discovery rate correction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Households with two caregivers had, on average, higher income and parental education. After adjustment for SES and covariates, differences were observed in externalizing behaviors and attention-related symptoms. Small but widespread differences in regional brain volumes were also observed and remained robust in sensitivity analyses. Total cortical and subcortical volumes were associated with both household structure and behavioral outcomes, with small but significant indirect effects indicating significant mediation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Although effect sizes were small, findings suggest that aspects of caregiving context captured by household structure are associated with child development above and beyond SES. Brain structure differences may represent one pathway linking caregiving context to behavioral outcomes, though effects were modest. Further work is needed to identify specific, modifiable processes underlying these associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":93496,"journal":{"name":"Psychoradiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"kkag022"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13294820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148347632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in neuroimaging studies of thalamic abnormalities in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.","authors":"Jiaqi Zhou, Ruilin Jin, Teng Zhu, Jiayun Yu, Xiaolei Cen, Qiqiong Feng, Yinan Mo, Mengjie Zhang, Wanying Zheng, Yanchi Wang, Rui Huang, Hanlin Li, Chuang Yang","doi":"10.1093/psyrad/kkag020","DOIUrl":"10.1093/psyrad/kkag020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder whose core pathological mechanism is deeply rooted in the dysfunction of the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit. This review summarizes recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies investigating thalamic abnormalities in children with ADHD, highlighting multidimensional pathological changes within the thalamus. Structurally, children with ADHD exhibit delayed overall thalamic volume development and significant atrophy in specific subregions, such as the ventral anterior nucleus, mediodorsal nucleus, and pulvinar. Regarding white matter microstructure, projection pathways from the thalamus to regions such as the motor cortex and striatum are impaired. Both resting-state and task-fMRI consistently demonstrate weakened cortical connectivity between the thalamus and both the default mode and dorsal attention networks. Furthermore, current evidence suggests that mainstream pharmacological treatments, particularly methylphenidate and atomoxetine, effectively promote structural remodeling and the \"normalization\" of network functions in the aberrant thalamus. Additionally, multidimensional neuroimaging metrics of the thalamus demonstrate substantial potential as objective biomarkers for assessing genetic risk, classifying clinical subtypes, and predicting treatment outcomes. Ultimately, this review emphasizes that the thalamus is not merely a passive sensory relay station, but an active gatekeeper regulating cognition and behavior. Its structural and functional abnormalities constitute a central hub in the pathogenesis of ADHD. Supported by future large-scale machine learning and longitudinal studies, the thalamus holds promise as a crucial biomarker for the precise diagnosis and personalized targeted intervention of ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":93496,"journal":{"name":"Psychoradiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"kkag020"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148297679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}