Psychoradiology最新文献

{"title":"Extending psychoradiology of emotion regulation from mental health to adaptiveness promotion.","authors":"Tingting Wu, Jiajin Yuan","doi":"10.1093/psyrad/kkaf037","DOIUrl":"10.1093/psyrad/kkaf037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emotion regulation (ER) research has, for decades, focused on mental health outcomes, such as emotional recovery and wellbeing reinstatement, in behavioral, physiological, and neural measures across different regulatory strategies. Although important, the practical significance of ER research should not only be limited to mental health, but also needs to consider aiding people's real-time adaptive behavior, to meet varying environmental demands or goals flexibly. In this paper, we propose an idea of ER adaptiveness that pays equal attention to both mental health outcomes, and how an ER strategy may be used to facilitate functional adaptiveness in meeting distinct goals. For instance, research of ER adaptiveness needs to highlight how to design regulatory strategies for the purpose of promoting cognitive, behavior, or social functions (nonaffective goal) in addition to that of affective wellbeing, and how to help a learned strategy work flexibly in changing contexts (affective goal). Lastly, taking application in sport psychology for example, we propose potential directions of how ER adaptiveness research may help participants to improve motor performance in competitive sports.</p>","PeriodicalId":93496,"journal":{"name":"Psychoradiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"kkaf037"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12947156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147328330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of AIR™ Recon DL on magnetic resonance imaging-based quantitative brain structure measurements.","authors":"Na Hu, Ping Cao, Shufei Feng, Wenqing Cai, Hanliang Wei, Xiao Lin, Peng Li, Yang Deng, Kai Yuan, Tengteng Fan, Yuxin Zhang","doi":"10.1093/psyrad/kkaf036","DOIUrl":"10.1093/psyrad/kkaf036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to evaluate how the AIR™ Recon DL algorithm influences magentic resonance imaging (MRI) quality and quantitative brain morphometry relative to conventional reconstruction (CR). Seventy-four healthy adults underwent 3D T1-weighted MRI reconstructed with CR and AIR™ Recon DL. Image quality was rated by two neuroradiologists (κ = 0.74-0.97). Voxel-based morphometry assessed total, gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and cerebrospinal (CSF) volumes; surface-based morphometry analyzed cortical thickness, sulcal depth, fractal dimension, and gyrification across 148 regions. Hippocampal volumes were extracted using the Neuromorphometrics atlas. Reconstruction times were compared. AIR™ Recon DL significantly improved image quality (reduced noise and artifacts, <i>P</i> < 0.001) but introduced systematic morphometric shifts-smaller total and WM volumes, larger GM and CSF volumes, and widespread regional thickness increases (effect sizes <i>d</i> ≈ 0.3-0.5). Hippocampal volumes increased bilaterally (ΔL = +0.15 mL, +3.97%; ΔR = +0.15 mL, +3.88%; both <i>P</i> < 0.05). Mean reconstruction time was longer for deep learning-based reconstruction (11.6 ± 1.6 s) than CR (9.9 ± 1.4 s; Δ = +1.7 s, <i>P</i> < 0.001). AIR™ Recon DL enhances image quality but causes modest, systematic volumetric biases. Harmonizing reconstruction methods is essential for reliable morphometric comparisons in neuropsychiatric imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":93496,"journal":{"name":"Psychoradiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"kkaf036"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12936584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147328286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in brain activity and connectivity in late-life depression.","authors":"Xiaomin Zheng, Ben Chen, Mingfeng Yang, Shuang Liang, Zhidai Xiao, Danyan Xu, Haoye Tan, Qiang Wang, Qin Liu, Jiafu Li, Pengbo Gao, Xiaomei Zhong, Yuping Ning","doi":"10.1093/psyrad/kkaf029","DOIUrl":"10.1093/psyrad/kkaf029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There are notable sex differences in the symptoms and treatment response of late-life depression (LLD); however, the underlying static and dynamic abnormalities in brain function that may drive these disparities remain unclear. This study was to investigate sex-specific aberrant brain activity in LLD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 75 LLD patients and 164 healthy controls (HCs). Static and dynamic metrics of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and functional connectivity (FC) were compared across four groups (LLD-female, LLD-male, HC-female, and HC-male). Correlation and moderation analyses were then used to examine whether sex moderated the associations between brain activity, cognitive impairment, and depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>First, significant interaction effects between diagnosis (LLD vs. HCs) and sex were found for ALFF in the left paracentral lobule, ReHo in the right superior temporal gyrus, and static FC (sFC) between the right superior temporal gyrus and left middle frontal gyrus. Second, in LLD-female, ReHo (right superior temporal gyrus) and sFC (right superior temporal gyrus-left middle frontal gyrus) correlated with weight, and ALFF (left paracentral lobule) correlated with visuospatial skills. Third, sex significantly moderated the relationships between ReHo (right superior temporal gyrus) and cognition, ALFF (left paracentral lobule) and depressive symptoms, and sFC (right superior temporal gyrus-left middle frontal gyrus) and depressive symptoms in the LLD group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study highlights sex differences in static brain activity related to cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms in LLD, indicating sex-specific neurobiological underpinnings for this disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":93496,"journal":{"name":"Psychoradiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"kkaf029"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12892001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146183735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growing up with siblings in the age of one child: the potentially confounding role of socioeconomic background.","authors":"Bolong Wang, Haoran Zhang, Xiang-Zhen Kong","doi":"10.1093/psyrad/kkaf035","DOIUrl":"10.1093/psyrad/kkaf035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93496,"journal":{"name":"Psychoradiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"kkaf035"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12914323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146230179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"γ-Aminobutyric acid and glutamate dysregulation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of adolescents with first-episode major depressive disorder and the modulatory effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.","authors":"Laiyang Ma, Xiuyun Ma, Wenjing Huang, Jun Wang, Songhong Yue, Lili Xu, Xiaojin Ma, Yuhui Xiong, Jing Zhang, Wanjun Hu","doi":"10.1093/psyrad/kkaf034","DOIUrl":"10.1093/psyrad/kkaf034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with dysregulation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate(Glu) neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) enables non-invasive in vivo quantification of GABA and Glx(glutamate + glutamine) levels. This study investigated neurochemical characteristics of the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in first-episode adolescent MDD (FEA-MDD) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)'s impact on these changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>42 drug-naïve FEA-MDD patients underwent bilateral DLPFC MRS scans before and after rTMS, with 42 healthy controls (HCs) as baseline. All participants were right-handed. The Mescher-Garwood point-resolved spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) protocol detected GABA+ (GABA plus macromolecules and high carnosine) and Glx levels, processed via Gannet software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FEA-MDD patients exhibited significantly lower GABA+ and higher Glx levels in the left DLPFC than HCs; in the right DLPFC, no significant difference in GABA+ levels was observed, though Glx levels were elevated. After rTMS treatment, GABA+ levels in the left DLPFC increased significantly, whereas Glx levels showed a non-significant decreasing trend. Additionally, HCs had no hemispheric differences, while in FEA-MDD, the left DLPFC showed lower GABA+ and Glx levels compared to the right. We also found that in the left DLPFC, baseline GABA+ levels were negatively correlated with Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) scores; Glx levels showed positive correlations with scores on the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Self-Esteem Scale (SES).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FEA-MDD involves prefrontal GABA+/Glx dysregulation, and rTMS may aid in restoring neurotransmitter balance within the DLPFC. This study adds to the expanding body of evidence supporting the application of targeted neurochemical modulation in the treatment of FEA-MDD, while also providing insights into potential intervention mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":93496,"journal":{"name":"Psychoradiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"kkaf034"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12892002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146183758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Function-specific repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for fine motor rehabilitation in chronic stroke: a case report.","authors":"Jia-Jia Qi, Hong Li, Kang-Jia Chen, Bing-Bing Zhou, Zu-Juan Ye, Qian Zhou, Jia-Hui Liu, Zhi-Yang Liu, Jue Wang","doi":"10.1093/psyrad/kkaf033","DOIUrl":"10.1093/psyrad/kkaf033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been widely used in the treatment of post-stroke hemiparesis, its efficacy in restoring fine motor function of the hand remains limited, largely because of a lack of specificity in target selection. This study presents the case of a 61-year-old female chronic stroke patient who showed significant improvement in hand fine motor function following an 8-week intervention using function-specific rTMS guided by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The patient previously experienced multiple lacunar infarctions in the bilateral basal ganglia and centrum semiovale and received the intervention 4 years after the stroke. Following treatment, substantial improvements were observed in fine motor function, with electrophysiological and MRI findings indicating a trend toward restored interhemispheric functional balance. This case highlights a novel therapeutic approach for patients who have shown limited responses to conventional rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":93496,"journal":{"name":"Psychoradiology","volume":"6 ","pages":"kkaf033"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12902691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146204111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging: the cornerstone of future neuroimaging.","authors":"Jiaqi Jing, Chen Liu","doi":"10.1093/psyrad/kkaf032","DOIUrl":"10.1093/psyrad/kkaf032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93496,"journal":{"name":"Psychoradiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"kkaf032"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12673204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145679553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of brain neuroimaging abnormalities in COVID-19 patients and survivors.","authors":"Peng Li, Shuyu Ni, Xiao Lin, Zengbo Ding, Na Zeng, Yimiao Zhao, Huan Mei, Xuan Chen, Nan Gao, Hanliang Wei, Tong Li, Yingbo Yang, Beini Yang, Ye Tian, Norimichi Hara, Tao Wang, Jinyuan Zhang, Wei Yan, Junliang Yuan, Ying Han, Kai Yuan, Le Shi, Jie Shi, Yanping Bao, Lin Lu","doi":"10.1093/psyrad/kkaf030","DOIUrl":"10.1093/psyrad/kkaf030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accumulating evidence indicates that COVID-19 may cause neurological complications detectable on brain imaging. Yet, the overall prevalence, modality-specific characteristics, and clinical implications of these neuroimaging abnormalities have not been systematically summarized through comprehensive quantitative synthesis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases, and Wanfang for original articles published up to August 5, 2025. The pooled proportions of brain-imaging findings on computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and electroencephalography (EEG), including hemorrhage, microbleeds, ischemia, stroke, encephalitis, background activity abnormality, periodic or rhythmic activity, and epileptiform discharge, were estimated using a random-effects model. This study was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-three eligible studies that included 9466 COVID-19 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled results from 27 studies, including 3081 patients, showed that more than two-fifths (42.60%) of patients who underwent CT/MRI had objective brain abnormalities. The most frequently reported abnormalities on CT/MRI were changes in white matter and non-specific stroke. Twenty-five EEG studies, including 1273 patients, reported epileptiform discharges in one-fifth (20.54%) of cases. The systematic review of long-term brain imaging manifestations in COVID-19 survivors also found common changes in brain microstructure and function.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While these findings offer insights into the potential pathological mechanisms of neuroimaging abnormalities in COVID-19 patients, the high heterogeneity and variability across studies highlight the need for cautious interpretation. It will be necessary to conduct large-scale longitudinal studies with extended follow-up periods in order to validate these neuroimaging findings and clarify the long-term neuropsychiatric consequences of COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":93496,"journal":{"name":"Psychoradiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"kkaf030"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12669897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145673078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing glymphatic-associated fluid dynamics in psychiatric disorders: evidence from neuroimaging - a review.","authors":"Xinlan Zhang, Liana Hatoum, Jia Ying, Chuan Huang","doi":"10.1093/psyrad/kkaf031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/psyrad/kkaf031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the glymphatic system has been extensively investigated in neurodegenerative diseases, its potential role in psychiatric disorders is only beginning to be recognized. Conditions such as major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder frequently exhibit physiological disturbances, including disrupted sleep, neuroinflammation, vascular impairment, and altered astrocytic function, that may modulate glymphatic transport. Recent neuroimaging studies have started to explore these associations. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to quantify perivascular space enlargement in depression and schizophrenia. Diffusion-based approaches, including low-b-value diffusion and the diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index, have been used to estimate perivascular diffusivity, with some studies linking these measures to symptom severity. Functional MRI metrics such as blood oxygen level-dependent-cerebrospinal fluid (BOLD-CSF) coupling have provided indirect markers of CSF pulsatility, revealing associations with sleep quality and cognition. Positron emission tomography (PET) has been investigated for assessing CSF tracer dynamics and targeting neuroinflammation. While these imaging results are promising, they are often indirect, methodologically heterogeneous, and derived from small samples. This review examines current evidence on glymphatic alterations in psychiatric conditions, describes shared and disorder-specific mechanisms, and assesses how complementary MRI and PET approaches can provide a more integrated understanding of glymphatic function. It also addresses methodological challenges, identifies research gaps, and discusses opportunities to incorporate glymphatic imaging into psychiatric diagnostics, prognosis, and treatment monitoring. The article is intended for researchers and clinicians in psychiatry, neurology, and neuroimaging who are interested in the translational potential of glymphatic research.</p>","PeriodicalId":93496,"journal":{"name":"Psychoradiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"kkaf031"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12644986/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145643638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations of white matter connectivity in thalamic-frontal pathways associated with inflammation in premenstrual syndrome.","authors":"Haixia Qin, Gaoxiong Duan, Qingping Zhang, Ziyan Lai, Ya Chen, YinQi Lai, Yuejuan Wu, Zhen Liu, Kaixuan Zhou, Yan Zhang, Shihuan Lin, Ruijing Sun, Shanshan Li, Yuanyuan Ou, Rongcai Wu, Zhizhong Chen, Lingyan Liang, Demao Deng","doi":"10.1093/psyrad/kkaf027","DOIUrl":"10.1093/psyrad/kkaf027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The thalamo-prefrontal white matter (WM) pathway, a core structural element of the frontal-limbic system disrupted in premenstrual syndrome (PMS), remains poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), functional MRI (fMRI), and serum cytokine levels were collected from 41 PMS participants and 51 healthy controls (HCs), all diagnosed using the Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP) scale. Bilateral thalamic-frontal WM pathways-the anterior thalamic radiations (ATRs)-were reconstructed using probabilistic fiber tracking. Two-sample tests examined group differences in fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) within bilateral ATRs. Spearman correlations assessed associations among these MRI metrics, inflammatory cytokines, and DRSP scores. Machine learning models further evaluated the diagnostic and predictive utility of left ATR features combined with inflammatory cytokines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to HCs, PMS patients exhibited increased MD, AD, RD, and ALFF values in the left ATR, as well as elevated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels. Correlation analysis revealed that these MRI alterations in the left ATR and TNF-α levels were linked to DRSP scores. Additionally, the machine learning models constructed using the optimal feature subset, involved in MD, AD and ALFF of left ATR as well as TNF-α, demonstrated robust performance in diagnosing PMS and predicting DRSP scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest altered thalamo-frontal WM connectivity and elevated TNF-α in PMS. The left ATR may serve as a biomarker of PMS neuro-mechanisms when combined with multi-MRI and inflammation metrics.</p>","PeriodicalId":93496,"journal":{"name":"Psychoradiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"kkaf027"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12586991/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145460849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}