Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America最新文献

{"title":"Female Plains-Wanderer","authors":"David Parker","doi":"10.1002/bes2.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bes2.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This photograph illustrates the article “Habitat structure and an introduced predator limit the abundance of an endangered ground-nesting bird” by Parker, D.G., Cameron, M., Gordon, C.E., &amp; Letnic, M. published in <i>Ecological Applications</i>. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.3046</p>","PeriodicalId":93418,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America","volume":"106 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bes2.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen Retention Along a Soil Acidification Gradient in a Meadow","authors":"Ying Zhang,&nbsp;Ruzhen Wang,&nbsp;Baitao Gu,&nbsp;Heyong Liu,&nbsp;Feike A. Dijkstra,&nbsp;Xingguo Han,&nbsp;Yong Jiang","doi":"10.1002/bes2.2224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bes2.2224","url":null,"abstract":"<p>These photographs illustrate the article “Plant growth strategies and microbial contributions to ecosystem nitrogen retention along a soil acidification gradient” by Ying Zhang, Ruzhen Wang, Baitao Gu, Heyong Liu, Feike A. Dijkstra, Xingguo Han, Yong Jiang. published in <i>Ecology</i>. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4515</p>","PeriodicalId":93418,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America","volume":"106 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bes2.2224","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering Resilience: Dry Season Snail Survival in Tanzania With Implications for a Neglected Tropical Disease","authors":"Moses P. Mahalila,&nbsp;Safari Kinung'hi,&nbsp;David J. Civitello,&nbsp;Naima C. Starkloff","doi":"10.1002/bes2.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bes2.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>These photographs illustrate the article “Resting in Plain Sight: Dormancy Ecology of the Intermediate Snail Host of Schistosoma haematobium” by Naima C. Starkloff, Moses P. Mahalila, Safari Kinung'hi, and David J. Civitello published in <i>Ecological Monographs</i>. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4472</p>","PeriodicalId":93418,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America","volume":"106 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bes2.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some Areas Burned in the 1988 Yellowstone Fires May Remain Treeless for the Foreseeable Future","authors":"Nathan G. Kiel,&nbsp;Eileen F. Mavencamp,&nbsp;Monica G. Turner","doi":"10.1002/bes2.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bes2.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>These photographs illustrate the article “Sparse subalpine forest recovery pathways, plant communities, and carbon stocks 34 years after stand-replacing fire” by Kiel, N. G., E. F. Mavencamp, and M. G. Turner published in <i>Ecological Monographs</i>. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1644.</p>","PeriodicalId":93418,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America","volume":"106 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bes2.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversifying Ecology Education for Everyone Through More Inclusive, Interdisciplinary, and Accessible Teaching","authors":"Loren B. Byrne,&nbsp;Emily S. J. Rauschert,&nbsp;Vikki L. Rodgers,&nbsp;Gillian Bowser,&nbsp;Aramati Casper,&nbsp;Bryan Dewsbury,&nbsp;Nia Morales,&nbsp;Heather D. Vance-Chalcraft,&nbsp;Louise Weber","doi":"10.1002/bes2.2233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bes2.2233","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Educating more students about ecology and its beneficial applications to societal issues is urgent yet challenging. To address this challenge, diversifying ecology education is a key way to make ecology more inclusive, accessible, and interdisciplinary for more people than ever. Advancing this goal requires ecology educators to develop a more expansive view of (1) how to engage more diverse undergraduate students in ecology courses, especially those from historically underrepresented groups and non-majors, (2) the interdisciplinarity of content in those courses, and (3) the learner-centered pedagogies used to engage students. We suggest ways that ecologists can advance “ecology education for everyone” including focusing on connecting ecology to students' everyday lives and local (urbanized) places; applying ecology to solving problems in social–ecological systems; introducing students to the diversity of worldviews about science and nature; and adopting authentic teaching practices such as course-based undergraduate research, service learning, and reflective practices. Through such efforts, ecology education can become more positivistic and pluralistic and help students better appreciate the value of ecology for society and use their ecological literacy to engage in improving local communities and ecosystems. Successful diversification of ecology education should also benefit the discipline of ecology as more diverse students decide to take more ecology courses, potentially pursue ecology-related careers, and support ecologically based decision-making for a more sustainable and environmentally just future for all people.</p>","PeriodicalId":93418,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America","volume":"106 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bes2.2233","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Lockdowns Influence Foraging Behavior in California Ground Squirrels","authors":"Jennifer E. Smith,&nbsp;Erin Person,&nbsp;Andy Sih,&nbsp;Chelsea A. Ortiz-Jimenez","doi":"10.1002/bes2.2232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bes2.2232","url":null,"abstract":"<p>These photographs illustrate the article “Human presence alters the landscape of fear for a free-living mammal” by Chelsea A. Ortiz-Jimenez, Sophie Z. Conroy, Erin Person, Jasper DeCuir, Gabriella E C Gall, Andy Sih, and Jennifer E. Smith published in <i>Ecology</i>. https://doi.org/10.1002/ECY.4499</p>","PeriodicalId":93418,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America","volume":"106 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bes2.2232","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Lightning Strikes: Insect and Fungal Responses to Lightning in a Lowland Tropical Forest","authors":"Kane A. Lawhorn,&nbsp;Jeannine H. Richards,&nbsp;Evan M. Gora,&nbsp;Jeffrey C. Burchfield,&nbsp;Phillip M. Bitzer,&nbsp;Cesar Gutierrez,&nbsp;Stephen P. Yanoviak","doi":"10.1002/bes2.2231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bes2.2231","url":null,"abstract":"<p>These photographs illustrate the article “The influence of lightning on insect and fungal dynamics in a lowland tropical forest” by Kane A. Lawhorn, Jeannine H. Richards, Evan M. Gora, Jeffrey C. Burchfield, Phillip M. Bitzer, Cesar Gutierrez, and Stephen P. Yanoviak published in <i>Ecology</i> https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4521</p>","PeriodicalId":93418,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America","volume":"106 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bes2.2231","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ESA Summer 2024 GB Meeting Minutes Ecological Society of America Long Beach, CA and Zoom Meeting August 3–4, 2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/bes2.2229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bes2.2229","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sharon Collinge, Peter Goffman present Day 2.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;President Naeem presiding, meeting called to order at 9:00 a.m. PDT&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I. Roll Call and Agenda (Naeem)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Motion carries (all aye).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A. Adopt Agenda&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u0000 &lt;b&gt;Motion to Adopt Agenda:&lt;/b&gt;\u0000 &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Move to adopt meeting agenda.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Motion moved by Shahid Naeem and motion seconded by Emilio Bruna. Motion carries (all aye).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;B. Acknowledgment of Email Votes&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Governing Board voted by OnBoard and email (8 ayes) on June 27, 2024 to approve the minutes from the May 2024 meeting.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;II. Reports&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A. Report of the President (Naeem)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;President Naeem thanked the Interim ED and members of the ESA staff for their assistance during the ED's sabbatical. He summarized some of the recent ESA highlights, including the number of successful regional meetings and the highly anticipated meeting in Long Beach. He expressed gratitude for the opportunity to learn about the challenge of serving as ESA President, the power of ESA's collective approach decision making, and the tremendous support of the ESA staff.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;B. Report of the Interim Executive Director and Staff (Biggs and Staff)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Interim ED reminded the GB members that thorough staff reports are available in the meeting board book. An update to the reports was provided by Teresa Mourad, who informed the GB of a recently awarded a 3-year grant from National Park Service to support six Science Communication fellows and provide Science Communication training. Alison Mize answered questions from members of the GB about the Policy Affairs programs, including the ESAs joining of amicus briefs and issuing statements on such issues as the SCOTUS decisions related to the Chevron Doctrine and DEI Programs, College Admissions, etc. Members of the GB pointed out that in some states, recent legislation makes it difficult or even illegal faculty at state institutions to advocate or implement programs on these issues, so scholarly societies are the best option for them to do so.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;C. Discuss Financial Status&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, Wileys revenue for the most recent 6 months is down $500 K, which means ESA's is down $300 K. This decrease in revenue is primarily in the OA space, specifically due to decreases in number of papers published that require the authors to pay Article Processing Charges (APCs). Subscriptions and transitional agreements are flat. CFO Biggs noted many organizations are in a similar position. Rich Wallace pointed out that the numbers for submission and acceptance are good, but there is a delay between acceptance and publication. Projections are based on published articles, not accepted articles, so having identified this delay and adding a staff member to a","PeriodicalId":93418,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America","volume":"106 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bes2.2229","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ESA 2024 Meeting Review: Belonging and Identity in Ecology","authors":"Holly C. White,&nbsp;Kari O'Connell,&nbsp;Jarrod L. Brown Jr.,&nbsp;Suzanne Ou,&nbsp;James Vonesh,&nbsp;Natasha N. Woods,&nbsp;Sam Albert,&nbsp;Roxanne Beltran,&nbsp;Abraham Borker,&nbsp;Daniel Carr,&nbsp;Holly Cho,&nbsp;Rodney J. Dyer,&nbsp;Mindy Findlater,&nbsp;Alison Jolley,&nbsp;Jessica Malisch,&nbsp;Kayla McLagan,&nbsp;Maria N. Miriti,&nbsp;Katharine Ruskin,&nbsp;Joey Parent,&nbsp;Emily Philpott,&nbsp;Stephanie Shaulskiy,&nbsp;Christina Spohn,&nbsp;Erika Zavaleta","doi":"10.1002/bes2.2228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bes2.2228","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Discipline-based education research has become increasingly important within ecology. Each year, the annual Ecological Society of America (ESA) meeting hosts sessions and workshops centered around teaching and learning in ecology. Much of this research has focused on student outcomes related to knowledge, conceptual understanding, and skill-building, as well as how instructors can support the development of these outcomes (e.g., Klemow et al. &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;, Prevost et al. &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;, Smith et al. &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). However, there is a need to better understand how we can support the development of affective (feelings and emotions) outcomes in undergraduate ecology education (Ward et al. &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;, Shinbrot et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sense of belonging has been shown to contribute positively to students' mental health and well-being (Pittman and Richmond &lt;span&gt;2008&lt;/span&gt;, Kennedy and Tuckman &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;, Gummadam et al. &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;), academic achievement and motivation (Freeman et al. &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;, Zumbrunn et al. &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;, Wilson et al. &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;), and institution-level retention (Finn &lt;span&gt;1989&lt;/span&gt;, Tinto &lt;span&gt;1993&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;, Hausmann et al. &lt;span&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;), and it is pivotal for supporting students underrepresented in STEM disciplines (e.g., Estrada et al. &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;, Hernandez et al. &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;, Hurtado and Carter &lt;span&gt;1997&lt;/span&gt;, Marshall and Thatcher &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;, O'Brien et al. &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;, Rainey et al. &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;). Sense of belonging refers to the feeling of being valued, included, and accepted (Goodenow &lt;span&gt;1993&lt;/span&gt;). In the context of ecology, research shows that students who experience a low sense of belonging are less likely to want to pursue graduate studies in the discipline (O'Brien et al. &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). Further, African American students in ecology experience a lower sense of belonging than their white peers (O'Brien et al. &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;), making this an important issue related to increasing equity in ecology.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This meeting review summarizes an ESA 2024 organized oral session focused on emerging research and practice about belonging in ecology education. In this session, speakers from different types of institutions, career levels, and disciplines presented an array of education research studies and cases of undergraduate programs, field courses, and research experiences that aim to support belonging. Below, we review the session's talks and provide recommendations for future research studying affective outcomes in ecology.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This organized oral session focused on several ongoing efforts to support a sense of belonging in undergraduate ecology education. The speakers demonstrated how field courses, research experiences, and undergraduate networks can be used to foster affective outcomes and make progress toward inclusivity and equity in ecology. The approaches varied in scale, institution","PeriodicalId":93418,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America","volume":"106 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bes2.2228","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In the Land of the Blind: The Statistical Competency Paradox in Ecological Research","authors":"Rafael Dettogni Guariento","doi":"10.1002/bes2.2230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bes2.2230","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;“In the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king”—this old Dutch proverb carries a deep message about relative advantage and perspective. At its core, the saying suggests that a person with limited knowledge becomes an expert among those who know nothing about the subject or that mediocre talents shine brightly when surrounded by complete beginners. The wisdom of this saying reminds us that value is often relative rather than absolute. It encourages us to recognize that what might seem like a modest capability in one context could be extraordinarily valuable in another. However, there is also a subtle warning within this proverb: what appears to be exceptional in one environment might actually be quite limited in the broader world. The one-eyed person is only “king” in the land of the blind; in a land of people with full vision, they would not hold the same advantage.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This old proverb finds a fascinating parallel in the world of ecological research, particularly regarding statistical analyses and methodological debates during the peer review process. As the editor of an ecology journal myself, I frequently encounter peculiar situations that perfectly illustrate this proverb. I regularly witness intense battles between reviewers and authors over statistical analyses. These methodological debates often become surprisingly heated, with reviewers demanding specific statistical approaches or criticizing authors' analytical choices with remarkable confidence. The authors, in turn, defend their methods with equal vigor or propose alternative analyses with similar conviction. I am an author of scientific papers too and I have been in this battlefield before. But what makes this scenario particularly fascinating is my privileged position as an editor. I can see the academic backgrounds of both the reviewers (who are not anonymous to editors) and the authors, revealing that these passionate statistical arguments are typically occurring between researchers whose primary expertise lies in other areas. For instance, heated debates about the appropriateness of certain probability distributions, statistical packages for specific analyses, the interpretation of main and interactive effects, or the application of mixed models often occur without an adequate understanding of the underlying mathematical principles (Ellison and Dennis &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;). This creates a rather intriguing situation in scientific publishing in ecology: Complex statistical discussions and decisions about methodological rigor are being arbitrated by researchers who, while potentially excellent in their primary field of study, often lack the formal mathematical or statistical training that would traditionally qualify one to make such judgments.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This situation perfectly embodies the proverb's wisdom. Ecologists who have taken a few additional statistics courses or who have spent more time self-studying mathematical concepts often find themselves in positions of significan","PeriodicalId":93418,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America","volume":"106 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bes2.2230","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}