Konstantinos G Makiev, Ioannis S Vasios, Anthimos Keskinis, Reichan Molla Moustafa, Georgios Petkidis, Athanasios Ververidis, Konstantinos Tilkeridis, Efthymios Iliopoulos
{"title":"Shetty Test Challenges Ottawa Ankle Rules in Detecting Foot and Ankle Fractures: A Prospective Comparative Study.","authors":"Konstantinos G Makiev, Ioannis S Vasios, Anthimos Keskinis, Reichan Molla Moustafa, Georgios Petkidis, Athanasios Ververidis, Konstantinos Tilkeridis, Efthymios Iliopoulos","doi":"10.30476/beat.2025.104975.1557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30476/beat.2025.104975.1557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Ankle joint injuries are among the most common orthopedic injuries and are associated with significant healthcare costs. To reduce unnecessary radiographic screening, diagnostic tools such as the widely accepted Ottawa Ankle Rules (OARs) have been developed. However, the accuracy of OARs in excluding fractures remains uncertain. Recently, a new diagnostic test, the Shetty Test (ST), has been introduced. This prospective comparative study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the \"ST\" in comparison to the \"OARs\" for detecting ankle and foot fractures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 112 consecutive adult patients (>18 years old) were included in the study. They were presented to the Emergency Department of a University Hospital in Alexandroupolis due to an ankle or foot injury. Data were collected over 6 months, from November 2022 to May 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sensitivity of the ST was 68.4%, specificity was 76.3%, positive predictive value (PPV) was 37.1%, and negative predictive value (NPV) was 92.2%. For the OARs, sensitivity was 94.7%, specificity was 15%, PPV was 18.5%, and NPV was 93.3%. When at least one of the tests was positive, the sensitivity and NPV increased to 100%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ST was found to be reliable; however, it did not outperform the OARs in this study. Nevertheless, when used in conjunction, the two tests significantly improved sensitivity and the NPV. Due to its simplicity and reproducibility, the ST could be a valuable tool in daily clinical practice, particularly for non-orthopedic emergency department personnel.</p>","PeriodicalId":9333,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of emergency and trauma","volume":"13 1","pages":"20-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12036505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amir Hossein Rajabi, Samaneh Zafarabadi, Kimia Jazi, Maryam Moghbel Baerz, Omid Bahrami, Gelareh Azarinoush, Pardis Habibi, Negar Azami, Shahram Paydar
{"title":"Genetic Alterations in War-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Amir Hossein Rajabi, Samaneh Zafarabadi, Kimia Jazi, Maryam Moghbel Baerz, Omid Bahrami, Gelareh Azarinoush, Pardis Habibi, Negar Azami, Shahram Paydar","doi":"10.30476/beat.2025.105114.1560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30476/beat.2025.105114.1560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This systematic review explored gene expression and DNA methylation patterns to identify key pathways and molecular targets associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), particularly its war-related subtype.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted using keywords related to PTSD, gene expression, and DNA methylation. Studies published between 2000 to 2024 involving adult military personnel with confirmed PTSD based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5) criteria were included. Animal studies, psychological interventions, and pharmacological research were excluded. Only cross-sectional, case-control, or cohort studies utilizing blood, saliva, or brain tissue samples were considered. Data from 28 studies were extracted using a predefined framework, focusing on population characteristics, study design, and identified hub genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Key findings revealed the upregulation of immune-related genes (e.g., CCL4, NF-κB) and hypomethylation of inflammation-related genes. Downregulation of neurodevelopmental genes, such as Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) and Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM), highlighted disruptions in synaptic plasticity. The identified pathways suggested potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for precision medicine approaches.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review highlighted the role of gene expression alterations in war-related PTSD. The identified genes might serve as candidates for personalized therapies. Further research is required to validate these findings and develop targeted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9333,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of emergency and trauma","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12036506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143984146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of Urine Alkalinization in Preventing Rhabdomyolysis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury and Need for Dialysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"","doi":"10.30476/beat.2025.107657.1618","DOIUrl":"10.30476/beat.2025.107657.1618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of urine alkalinization in preventing acute kidney injury (AKI) and the need for dialysis in patients with rhabdomyolysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guideline. A systematic literature search of MEDLINE/ PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases was conducted. No time or language restrictions were applied to maximize the scope of the results. After removing duplicates, the remaining articles were screened by title, abstract, and study criteria. Two researchers independently assessed the full texts of the remaining studies, with any discrepancies resolved through discussion. The risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool, and studies with a critical risk of bias were excluded from the final analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 9,230 initially identified articles, five studies met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. The analysis revealed that urine alkalinization was not significantly effective in preventing AKI (OR: 2.11; 95% CI: 0.09-47.72; <i>p</i>=0.3), preventing acute renal failure (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 0.86-1.84; <i>p</i>=0.36), or reducing the need for dialysis (OR: 4.25; 95% CI: 0-3.8e<sup>+07</sup>; <i>p</i>=0.25).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The addition of sodium bicarbonate to fluid therapy solution did not appear to provide significant protection against AKI, acute renal failure, or the need for dialysis in patients with rhabdomyolysis. Further insight should be sought through controlled randomized clinical trials with larger sample sizes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9333,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of emergency and trauma","volume":"13 4","pages":"195-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12629271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145562871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Systemic Inflammatory Response Index as a Novel Diagnostic Tool for Acute Appendicitis.","authors":"Behrad Ghoncheh, Mohammadreza Taheri, Yeganeh Azadmanesh, Zahra Mostafavian, Tooraj Zandbaf","doi":"10.30476/beat.2025.107218.1611","DOIUrl":"10.30476/beat.2025.107218.1611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess the potential of the Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI) for diagnosing AA, its possible advantages over current methods, and its utility in distinguishing uncomplicated from complicated appendicitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 240 patients scheduled for appendectomy with a diagnosis of AA were enrolled. Demographic information, clinical and paraclinical findings, including complete blood count (CBC), Alvarado score, SIRI, sonography findings, and pathology results, were documented. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 26.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 240 patients, 106 (44.2%) were men, and 134 (55.8%) were women, with a mean age of 37.49±15.55 years. Final pathology reports identified 26 (10.8%) cases of a normal appendix, 176 (73.3%) with uncomplicated appendicitis, 23 (9.6%) with complicated appendicitis, and 15 (6.3%) with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. SIRI demonstrated significant differences across the pathology groups (P<0.0001). It showed notable discrimination between normal and complicated appendicitis (P=0.005), normal and combined appendicitis (P=0.008), and suggestive differences for normal versus uncomplicated (P=0.021) and uncomplicated versus complicated cases (P=0.044). Similarly, Alvarado scores showed significant differences, particularly between the normal and complicated appendicitis groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The SIRI and Alvarado scoring systems showed significant potential for diagnosing appendicitis with acceptable sensitivity and specificity. They might also assist in differentiating between uncomplicated and complicated appendicitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9333,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of emergency and trauma","volume":"13 4","pages":"221-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12631962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145585826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aliasghar Kousari, Amir Mehrvar, Seiied Hossein Heidari, Soroush Rezaei Garjaei
{"title":"Clinical Outcomes of Chevron Osteotomy with Tension Band Wiring for Distal Humerus Fractures: A Prospective Study.","authors":"Aliasghar Kousari, Amir Mehrvar, Seiied Hossein Heidari, Soroush Rezaei Garjaei","doi":"10.30476/beat.2025.105478.1565","DOIUrl":"10.30476/beat.2025.105478.1565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Chevron osteotomy could be fixed using various techniques, each yielding different outcomes. This study aimed to determine the complications and outcomes caused by Chevron osteotomy fixed with tension band wire in distal humeral fractures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective study, patients with distal intra-articular humerus fractures treated by Chevron osteotomy at Shahid Rajaei and Shahid Chamran Hospitals (Shiraz, Iran) from October 2018 to October 2023 were enrolled. Osteotomy fusion was evaluated radiographically using the Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS). Additional complications were assessed during periodic patient follow-ups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 60 patients with a mean age of 44.6±18.14 years, including 23 (38.3%) women. All cases demonstrated complete union of the olecranon osteotomy, with no cases of infection or fixation failure. In three cases, the applied pins and wires were removed. Hardware-related irritation was observed in 22 patients (36.7%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The tension band wiring (TBW) method demonstrated acceptable clinical outcomes. Despite frequent hardwire irritation, this technique achieved high rates of bony union. However, future comparative studies evaluating multiple fixation techniques within a single center are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":9333,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of emergency and trauma","volume":"13 3","pages":"147-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12482885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zoya Hadinejad, Mehrdad Farrokhi, Shokoufeh Ahmadi, Mohammad Saatchi, Hamidreza Khankeh
{"title":"Challenges in Managing Patients During Biological Emergencies in the Iranian Health System: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Zoya Hadinejad, Mehrdad Farrokhi, Shokoufeh Ahmadi, Mohammad Saatchi, Hamidreza Khankeh","doi":"10.30476/beat.2025.105076.1559","DOIUrl":"10.30476/beat.2025.105076.1559","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This qualitative study aimed to identify the key challenges associated with managing patients affected by biological emergencies in Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was part of grounded theory research using the constant comparative analysis method proposed by Corbin (2014). Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with 25 individuals with expertise or experience in managing biological emergencies. Purposive sampling, followed by theoretical sampling, was employed until theoretical saturation was reached. Data collection was conducted between April and November 2023, and MAXQDA software (2020) was used for data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After several rounds of data analysis and summarization, considering similarities and differences, four main categories and 14 subcategories were identified. The main categories included: 1) lack of a comprehensive risk communication strategy, 2) inefficiencies in patient flow mismanagement, 3) systemic political and governance challenges, and 4) deficiencies in resource allocation and utilization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlighted the challenges faced by Iran's Healthcare system in managing affected individuals in biological emergencies. Key issues included mismanagement of patient flow and systemic inefficiencies. Addressing these challenges is essential for enhancing the effectiveness and sustainability of Iran's Healthcare system. Further research is recommended to provide practical strategies for managing biological emergencies in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":9333,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of emergency and trauma","volume":"13 2","pages":"105-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12275174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144673952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Commentary on Emergency Department Staff Performance versus Patient Preferences in Breaking Bad News.","authors":"Mohammad Farhadi, Mohammadjavad Entezari","doi":"10.30476/beat.2025.106325.1591","DOIUrl":"10.30476/beat.2025.106325.1591","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9333,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of emergency and trauma","volume":"13 3","pages":"182-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12482884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predictive Factors Influencing Helmet Usage Among Motorcyclists: A Study at the Largest Trauma Center in Southern Iran.","authors":"Mahnaz Yadollahi, Farshid Farbodan, Maryam Zamani, Shahram Bolandparvaz","doi":"10.30476/beat.2025.106268.1585","DOIUrl":"10.30476/beat.2025.106268.1585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to identify factors influencing helmet usage behavior among motorcyclists.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study of injured motorcyclists was conducted at Shahid Rajaee Hospital (Shiraz, Iran), using the convenience sampling method. Data were collected via a structured medical form, and logistic regression with the \"Backward\" technique was applied to identify risk factors associated with helmet use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 147 patients, 139 (94.55%) were un-helmeted, and 8 (5.45%) were helmeted. The mean age of helmeted riders was 41.46±17.44 years, compared to 29.21±12.23 years for un-helmeted riders. After data balancing, key predictors of helmet use included riding before noon (OR=10.164, 95% CI [4.543, 22.738]), crashes in urban areas (OR=21.740, 95% CI [5.535, 85.383]), absence of head/neck injuries (OR=4.549, 95% CI [2.075, 9.970]), absence of facial injuries (OR=5.108, 95% CI [1.587, 8.694]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings could assist policymakers in understanding helmet usage behavior and increasing helmet usage rates. They also support evidence-based strategies to reduce traffic crashes. Addressing helmet-related discomfort and enhancing public awareness of helmet benefits could significantly reduce motorcycle-related trauma.</p>","PeriodicalId":9333,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of emergency and trauma","volume":"13 2","pages":"69-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12275169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144673957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Commentary on Boswellia and Ginger for Memory Dysfunction in Mild TBI.","authors":"Mohammad Farhadi","doi":"10.30476/beat.2025.106323.1590","DOIUrl":"10.30476/beat.2025.106323.1590","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9333,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of emergency and trauma","volume":"13 2","pages":"123-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12275170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144673953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siamak Rimaz, Vahideh Abdi, Cyrus Emir Alavi, Sanaz Masoumi, Mahsa Sadeghi, Mohammadreza Mobayen, Parissa Bagheri
{"title":"Survival and Associated Risk Factors in Mechanically Ventilated Burn Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Siamak Rimaz, Vahideh Abdi, Cyrus Emir Alavi, Sanaz Masoumi, Mahsa Sadeghi, Mohammadreza Mobayen, Parissa Bagheri","doi":"10.30476/beat.2025.104399.1549","DOIUrl":"10.30476/beat.2025.104399.1549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to determine the survival rate and identify associated risk factors in mechanically ventilated (MV) burn patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Velayat Hospital, a burn and plastic surgery referral center affiliated with Guilan University of Medical Sciences, between March 2011, and September 2020. Data were retrieved from electronic medical records and analyzed using SPSS software (version 24.0). Patients discharged alive or lost to follow-up were treated as censored observations in a time-to-event analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of survivors was 19.03±30.21 years, compared to 42.54±19.30 years in the non-survivors. Men comprised 78.9% (n=30) of survivors and 64.9% (n=155) of non-survivors. The mean intensive care unit (ICU) survival time was 18.33±1.36 days (median=12±1.24 days). There were significant differences between survivor and non-survivor groups in terms of age, length of stay, presence of comorbidities, inhalation injury, sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and acute kidney injury (AKI) (<i>p</i><0.05). The Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated a significant difference in survival probability between MV and non-MV groups (<i>p</i>=0.028), with a higher survival probability observed in non-MV patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Age, length of stay, renal failure, ARDS, and sepsis were associated with increased mortality risk in MV burn patients. While these findings highlighted critical prognostic factors, causal inferences require further investigation through longitudinal or interventional studies to guide targeted therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9333,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of emergency and trauma","volume":"13 2","pages":"83-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12275167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144673959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}