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Harvard Kennedy School misinformation review最新文献

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Fact-checking Trump’s election lies can improve confidence in U.S. elections: Experimental evidence 事实核查特朗普的选举谎言可以提高人们对美国选举的信心：实验证据
Harvard Kennedy School misinformation review Pub Date : 2022-12-05 DOI: 10.37016/mr-2020-109
C. Bailard, Ethan Porter, Kimberly Gross
{"title":"Fact-checking Trump’s election lies can improve confidence in U.S. elections: Experimental evidence","authors":"C. Bailard, Ethan Porter, Kimberly Gross","doi":"10.37016/mr-2020-109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37016/mr-2020-109","url":null,"abstract":"As the 2020 campaign unfolded, with a mix of extraordinary embellishments and outright falsehoods, President Trump’s attacks on the integrity of the U.S. electoral system grew louder and more frequent. Trump-aligned Republican candidates have since advanced similar false claims in their own campaigns in the lead-up to the 2022 midterm elections. Scholars, election officials, and even fellow Republican leaders have voiced concerns that Trump’s rhetoric represents a profound threat to the well-being of U.S. democracy. To investigate the capacity for fact-checking efforts to repair the damage incurred by election-related misinformation, in the weeks before the 2020 election, we fielded a survey experiment on a nationally representative sample to test whether exposure to fact-checks of Trump’s false claims increased participants’ confidence in the integrity of the U.S. election and affected their voting behavior. Although our pre-registered analysis offered no evidence that corrections affect voting behavior, our findings do show that exposure to these fact-checks can increase confidence in the integrity of the 2020 U.S. election. However, the effects varied significantly by partisanship, with these changes concentrated among Democrats and Independents.","PeriodicalId":93289,"journal":{"name":"Harvard Kennedy School misinformation review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46042105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
A pro-government disinformation campaign on Indonesian Papua 印尼巴布亚的亲政府造谣活动
Harvard Kennedy School misinformation review Pub Date : 2022-10-19 DOI: 10.37016/mr-2020-108
D. McRae, Maria del Mar Quiroga, Daniel Russo‐Batterham, Kim, Doyle
{"title":"A pro-government disinformation campaign on Indonesian Papua","authors":"D. McRae, Maria del Mar Quiroga, Daniel Russo‐Batterham, Kim, Doyle","doi":"10.37016/mr-2020-108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37016/mr-2020-108","url":null,"abstract":"This research identifies an Indonesian-language Twitter disinformation campaign posting pro-government materials on Indonesian governance in Papua, site of a protracted ethno-nationalist, pro-independence insurgency. Curiously, the campaign does not employ common disinformation tactics such as hashtag flooding or the posting of clickbait with high engagement potential, nor does it seek to build user profiles that would make the accounts posting this material appear as important participants in a debate over Papua’s status. The campaign simply employs synchronous, duplicate posts by ostensibly distinct authors to ensure that a significant proportion of posts mentioning contentious special autonomy arrangements are pro-government. Despite lacking sophistication, the scale of this information campaign in overall Twitter discussion of special autonomy adds to concerns about the ability of pro-government actors to employ disinformation to constrict political discourse in Southeast Asia.","PeriodicalId":93289,"journal":{"name":"Harvard Kennedy School misinformation review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45510663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Where conspiracy theories flourish: A study of YouTube comments and Bill Gates conspiracy theories 阴谋论盛行的地方：对YouTube评论和比尔·盖茨阴谋论的研究
Harvard Kennedy School misinformation review Pub Date : 2022-10-05 DOI: 10.37016/mr-2020-107
L. Ha, T. Graham, J. Gray
{"title":"Where conspiracy theories flourish: A study of YouTube comments and Bill Gates conspiracy theories","authors":"L. Ha, T. Graham, J. Gray","doi":"10.37016/mr-2020-107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37016/mr-2020-107","url":null,"abstract":"We studied YouTube comments posted to Covid-19 news videos featuring Bill Gates and found they were dominated by conspiracy theories. Our results suggest the platform’s comments feature operates as a relatively unmoderated social media space where conspiracy theories circulate unchecked. We outline steps that YouTube can take now to improve its approach to moderating misinformation.","PeriodicalId":93289,"journal":{"name":"Harvard Kennedy School misinformation review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48286911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Community-based strategies for combating misinformation: Learning from a popular culture fandom 以社区为基础的打击错误信息的策略:从流行文化中学习
Harvard Kennedy School misinformation review Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.37016/mr-2020-105
Jin Ha Lee, Nicole K. Santero, Arpita Bhattacharya, Emma May, Emma S. Spiro
{"title":"Community-based strategies for combating misinformation: Learning from a popular culture fandom","authors":"Jin Ha Lee, Nicole K. Santero, Arpita Bhattacharya, Emma May, Emma S. Spiro","doi":"10.37016/mr-2020-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37016/mr-2020-105","url":null,"abstract":"Through the lens of one of the fastest-growing international fandoms, this study explores everyday misinformation in the context of networked online environments. Findings show that fans experience a range of misinformation, similar to what we see in other political, health, or crisis contexts. However, the strong sense of community and shared purpose of the group is the basis for effective grassroot efforts and strategies to build collective resilience to misinformation, which offer a model for combating misinformation in ways that move beyond the individual context to incorporate shared community values and tactics.","PeriodicalId":93289,"journal":{"name":"Harvard Kennedy School misinformation review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42021014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Mis- and disinformation studies are too big to fail: Six suggestions for the field’s future 错误和虚假信息的研究太大而不能失败:对该领域未来的六个建议
Harvard Kennedy School misinformation review Pub Date : 2022-09-20 DOI: 10.37016/mr-2020-106
Chico Q. Camargo, Felix M. Simon
{"title":"Mis- and disinformation studies are too big to fail: Six suggestions for the field’s future","authors":"Chico Q. Camargo, Felix M. Simon","doi":"10.37016/mr-2020-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37016/mr-2020-106","url":null,"abstract":"Who are mis-/disinformation studies for? What agenda does the field serve? How can it be improved? While the increase in the attention towards the topic in the last years is healthy, it has also led to an explosion of papers in all directions, and the field has been subject to various criticisms and attacks. In this commentary, we discuss the status and wider impact of the field, raise current challenges, and propose ways ahead for the development of a more critical, interdisciplinary, and rigorous scholarly discipline of mis- and disinformation studies.","PeriodicalId":93289,"journal":{"name":"Harvard Kennedy School misinformation review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44475555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Research note: This salesperson does not exist: How tactics from political influence operations on social media are deployed for commercial lead generation 研究说明：该销售人员不存在：社交媒体上的政治影响力运营策略如何用于商业潜在客户开发
Harvard Kennedy School misinformation review Pub Date : 2022-09-15 DOI: 10.37016/mr-2020-104
Josh A. Goldstein, Renée DiResta
{"title":"Research note: This salesperson does not exist: How tactics from political influence operations on social media are deployed for commercial lead generation","authors":"Josh A. Goldstein, Renée DiResta","doi":"10.37016/mr-2020-104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37016/mr-2020-104","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers of foreign and domestic influence operations document tactics that frequently recur in covert propaganda campaigns on social media, including backstopping fake personas with plausible biographies or histories, using GAN-generated images as profile photos, and outsourcing account management to paid organizations. These tactics, however, can be applied outside of the political realm. In this paper, we describe how these three tactics are leveraged to serve a commercial purpose: lead generation for sales. We conducted the first study of fake accounts with GAN-generated images on LinkedIn that engage in lead generation (n = 1,003) and offer recommendations for grappling with fake persona creation, generally, GAN-generated imagery, specifically, and outsourcing.","PeriodicalId":93289,"journal":{"name":"Harvard Kennedy School misinformation review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49062601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Legislator criticism of a candidate’s conspiracy beliefs reduces support for the conspiracy but not the candidate: Evidence from Marjorie Taylor Greene and QAnon 立法者对候选人阴谋论的批评会减少对阴谋论的支持，但不会减少对候选人的支持:来自Marjorie Taylor Greene和QAnon的证据
Harvard Kennedy School misinformation review Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.37016/mr-2020-103
Victor Wu, J. Carey, B. Nyhan, Jason Reifler
{"title":"Legislator criticism of a candidate’s conspiracy beliefs reduces support for the conspiracy but not the candidate: Evidence from Marjorie Taylor Greene and QAnon","authors":"Victor Wu, J. Carey, B. Nyhan, Jason Reifler","doi":"10.37016/mr-2020-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37016/mr-2020-103","url":null,"abstract":"In November 2020, Georgia Republican Marjorie Taylor Greene became the first open supporter of QAnon to be elected to the United States Congress. Despite criticism from Democrats, Republicans, and the media for her belief in this dangerous conspiracy theory, Greene remains a prominent national figure and a member of Congress. In a large survey experiment examining the effects of criticisms of Greene by different sources, we found that criticism of Greene from a Republican or a Democratic official reduced positive feelings toward QAnon but not Greene herself. However, unsourced criticisms and criticisms from media figures failed to measurably affect feelings toward either Greene or QAnon. Our results suggest that public officials have a unique responsibility to criticize misinformation, but they also highlight the difficulty in shifting attitudes toward politicians who embrace and spread falsehoods.","PeriodicalId":93289,"journal":{"name":"Harvard Kennedy School misinformation review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45743407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Audio misinformation on WhatsApp: A case study from Lebanon WhatsApp上的音频错误信息：来自黎巴嫩的案例研究
Harvard Kennedy School misinformation review Pub Date : 2022-07-28 DOI: 10.37016/mr-2020-102
Azza El-Masri, Martin J. Riedl, S. Woolley
{"title":"Audio misinformation on WhatsApp: A case study from Lebanon","authors":"Azza El-Masri, Martin J. Riedl, S. Woolley","doi":"10.37016/mr-2020-102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37016/mr-2020-102","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2019, Lebanon has witnessed sequential crises that have routinely spurred media attention. A great deal of misinformation has proliferated during these events, much of it spreading on WhatsApp. One format is particularly understudied: audio instant messages, otherwise known as voice notes. Utilizing a grounded theory approach to examine 35 misleading WhatsApp voice notes collected between October 2019 and October 2020, this study documents how audio misinformation on Lebanese WhatsApp follows a consistent structure through the manipulation of interpersonal relationships, the establishing of source credibility, the imbuing of negative discrete emotions, and the inclusion of calls to action.","PeriodicalId":93289,"journal":{"name":"Harvard Kennedy School misinformation review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48875265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Cognitive reflection is associated with greater truth discernment for COVID-19 headlines, less trust but greater use of formal information sources, and greater willingness to pay for masks among social media users in Pakistan 认知反思与新冠肺炎头条新闻的真相辨别力更强、信任度降低但更多地使用正式信息来源以及巴基斯坦社交媒体用户更愿意为口罩付费有关
Harvard Kennedy School misinformation review Pub Date : 2022-07-12 DOI: 10.37016/mr-2020-101
Ayesha Ali, I. Qazi
{"title":"Cognitive reflection is associated with greater truth discernment for COVID-19 headlines, less trust but greater use of formal information sources, and greater willingness to pay for masks among social media users in Pakistan","authors":"Ayesha Ali, I. Qazi","doi":"10.37016/mr-2020-101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37016/mr-2020-101","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluated the relationship between individual differences in cognitive reflection and the ability to discern between true and false COVID-19 information, trust in information sources for receiving COVID-19 information and willingness to pay (WTP) for masks, using a sample of 621 low- and middle-income users in Pakistan. To capture WTP, participants play an incentive-compatible game involving real stakes. We find that higher cognitive reflection test (CRT) scores are associated with greater truth discernment for COVID-19 headlines, less trust but greater use of formal information sources, and greater WTP for KN95 masks. Thus, interventions to improve discernment of COVID-19 information should target users who rely on intuition and less on cognitive reflection.","PeriodicalId":93289,"journal":{"name":"Harvard Kennedy School misinformation review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43991430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Measuring the effect of Facebook’s downranking interventions against groups and websites that repeatedly share misinformation 衡量脸书对反复分享错误信息的团体和网站的降级干预的效果
Harvard Kennedy School misinformation review Pub Date : 2022-06-13 DOI: 10.37016/mr-2020-100
Emmanuel M. Vincent, H. Théro, Shaden Shabayek
{"title":"Measuring the effect of Facebook’s downranking interventions against groups and websites that repeatedly share misinformation","authors":"Emmanuel M. Vincent, H. Théro, Shaden Shabayek","doi":"10.37016/mr-2020-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37016/mr-2020-100","url":null,"abstract":"Facebook has claimed to fight misinformation notably by reducing the virality of posts shared by “repeat offender” websites. The platform recently extended this policy to groups. We identified websites and groups that repeatedly publish false information according to fact checkers and investigated the implementation and impact of Facebook’s measures against them. Our analysis reveals a significant reduction in engagement per article/post following the publication of two or more “false” links. These results highlight the need for systematic investigation of web platforms’ measures designed to limit the spread of misinformation to better understand their effectiveness and consequences.","PeriodicalId":93289,"journal":{"name":"Harvard Kennedy School misinformation review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45917071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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