Buildings & cities最新文献_第5页

Electricity consumption in commercial buildings during Covid-19 2019冠状病毒病疫情期间商业建筑用电量

Buildings & cities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/bc.361

Gerald P. Duggan, Pablo Bauleo, Michael Authier, Patricia A. Aloise-young, Jonathan Care, Daniel Zimmerle

{"title":"Electricity consumption in commercial buildings during Covid-19","authors":"Gerald P. Duggan, Pablo Bauleo, Michael Authier, Patricia A. Aloise-young, Jonathan Care, Daniel Zimmerle","doi":"10.5334/bc.361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.361","url":null,"abstract":"The Covid-19 pandemic had wide-ranging effects on how people lived, worked and learned. Consequently, electricity use was altered from pre-pandemic patterns. The deviation from expected electricity usage patterns in commercial properties due to the Covid-19 pandemic was analyzed in a medium-sized American city. The focus on a single community (1) allows usage to be linked specifically to the timing of public health and executive orders; and (2) provides a fine-grained, detailed understanding of usage in different property classifications (e.g. restaurants, hotels, schools, outpatient medical facilities, offices, and religious organizations). Electricity consumption data from 2019, adjusted for average daily temperature, were used to calculate expected use in 2020. Electricity usage was found to be lower than expected for most commercial property classes, but the timing and magnitude of these effects varied. For example, within the hospitality industry, hotels evidenced a larger and more sustained decrease in usage (–17%) as compared with restaurants (–11%). In addition, usage patterns for outpatient medical facilities can be linked to specific executive orders. Together, a heterogenous rate of electricity use is found to vary according to specific types of commercial properties. Practice relevance In much of the research regarding electricity usage, utility customers are placed into the broad categories of residential, commercial and industrial. These groups are viewed as homogeneous. This study examined different property classes within the commercial group during the Covid-19 pandemic. Although electricity usage was lower than expected for most commercial property classes, the timing and magnitude of these effects varied. For example, within the hospitality industry, hotels evidenced a larger and more sustained decrease in usage than did restaurants. In addition, usage patterns for outpatient medical facilities were linked to specific executive orders. Together, these data sources allowed for a detailed examination of Covid-19’s effect on electricity use for specific types of commercial properties and it revealed that their response to the pandemic varied widely. Thus, it is an oversimplification to view commercial properties as a single, homogeneous group.","PeriodicalId":93168,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & cities","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136209314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social implications of energy infrastructure digitalisation and decarbonisation 能源基础设施数字化和脱碳的社会影响

Buildings & cities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/bc.292

Siddharth Sareen, Adrian Smith, Sonja Gantioler, J. Balest, M. Brisbois, Silvia Tomasi, Benjamin Sovacool, Gerardo A. Torres Contreras, N. DellaValle, Håvard Haarstad

引用次数: 0

Pilot study to measure the energy and carbon impacts of teleworking 试点研究，以衡量远程办公的能源和碳影响

Buildings & cities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/bc.271

Sharane Simon, W. O’brien

引用次数: 0

Transition to a regenerative future: a question of time 向可再生的未来过渡:时间问题

Buildings & cities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/bc.333

R. Cole

引用次数: 0

Technological efficiency limitations to climate mitigation: why sufficiency is necessary 减缓气候变化的技术效率限制:为什么充足是必要的

Buildings & cities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/bc.297

David Ness

引用次数: 0

Housing, street and health: a new systemic research framework 住房、街道与健康:一个新的系统研究框架

Buildings & cities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/bc.298

Anna Pagani, D. Christie, Valentin Bourdon, C. W. Gago, S. Joost, D. Licina, Mathias Lerch, C. Rozenblat, I. Guessous, P. Viganó

引用次数: 0

Embodied carbon savings of co-living and implications for metrics 共同生活的具体碳节约及其指标含义

Buildings & cities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/bc.347

T. Malmqvist, Johanna Brismark

{"title":"Embodied carbon savings of co-living and implications for metrics","authors":"T. Malmqvist, Johanna Brismark","doi":"10.5334/bc.347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.347","url":null,"abstract":"In light of the climate crisis and conflicting political ambitions in many countries to rapidly increase the number of dwellings, what housing strategies could reduce emissions? Co-living is one strategy sometimes highlighted but rarely implemented in mainstream construction practices. Using two Swedish case studies, the potential embodied carbon savings are explored for co-living designs. When comparing building designs, normalisation of impacts or energy use per floor area is unequivocally the norm. The present comparison between co-living and traditional apartment design indicates an embodied carbon savings at the building level of 10–20% depending on whether embodied carbon is normalised per gross or residential floor area. However, normalisation per capita (inhabitant) shows substantially higher savings of 21–36% depending on the case studied. The effect of different metrics is illustrated to quantify potential embodied carbon savings of non-mainstream building design solutions such as co-living. Even more substantial embodied carbon savings can be achieved by avoiding new construction through the ability of enabling a more efficient use of indoor space. The need for rethinking carbon and space metrics will help the building sector meet emission targets.","PeriodicalId":93168,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & cities","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71052593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Added value and numerical measurement of social value: a critical enquiry 附加价值和社会价值的数值测量:一个批判性的探究

Buildings & cities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/bc.330

Ani Raiden, Andrew King

{"title":"Added value and numerical measurement of social value: a critical enquiry","authors":"Ani Raiden, Andrew King","doi":"10.5334/bc.330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.330","url":null,"abstract":"Social value has evolved rapidly over the last decade or so. Legislation has been a key driver, and added value and numerical measurement are emerging as important focal points. An emerging body of literature in this space draws attention to social value in placemaking, infrastructure and construction work. Using deontological principles of ethics, a critical discussion is presented on the problems associated with numerical measurement of social value as added value. Two key questions are addressed: How does mandating social value by legislation and policy impact good practice? How effectively can numerical measuring of social value evidence the range and diversity of activity and outcomes? This responds to a wider call to take a critical view of both policy and the activities of the sector and advocate a move away from solving immediate problems and development of ever more elaborate tools. The development of a holistic appreciation of the long-term need and outcomes of social value is recommended: the contextual, contingent middle ground. Practice relevance This critical essay on social value considers the dangers inherent in recent policy developments, specifically numerical measurement of social value as added value. A critical review of the literature on social value in placemaking, infrastructure and construction work illuminates the diverse nature of social value. It is argued that social value needs to be for re-energised as a concept, i.e. co-creating values-driven practice and achieving social impact that can be supported by considered approaches to measurement. A balanced approach should be employed when considering, creating and delivering social value. This would avoid both the purely critical and the purely practical, and instead stems from the contextual, contingent middle ground.","PeriodicalId":93168,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & cities","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135783301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Climate action in urban mobility: personal and political transformations 城市交通中的气候行动:个人和政治转型

Buildings & cities Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.5334/bc.249

G. Hochachka, Kathryn G. Logan, J. Raymond, W. Mérida

{"title":"Climate action in urban mobility: personal and political transformations","authors":"G. Hochachka, Kathryn G. Logan, J. Raymond, W. Mérida","doi":"10.5334/bc.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.249","url":null,"abstract":"Although many municipalities have climate action plans with targets and goals, effective climate action still faces significant implementation gaps. Implementation can falter due to barriers for the deployment of low-carbon solutions, as well as the lack of cultural, systemic, and psychological support for such solutions. Cultural drivers and perceptions shape citizens’ behaviors and can perpetuate carbon-intensive lifestyles. This paper focuses on measures in climate action planning in the Metro Vancouver region of Canada regarding transportation, which remains the largest single source of greenhouse gas emissions and has a low chance of reaching its emissions-reductions targets. Shifting towards greater sustainability will entail a challenge of transformative change, involving shifts in systems, behaviors, worldviews, and cultures. In implementation, the full complexity of the climate action challenge becomes most evident. A scoping review of climate action documentation and semi-structured interviews are used to examine (1) barriers to effective implementation, (2) socio-cultural perceptions and approaches to public engagement and (3) novel areas for transformational action. The study found a need to reweight the focus of climate action, which is predominantly set on techno-managerial efforts, also to include communication, narratives and broader systems change, which are the key barriers to low-carbon urban mobility.","PeriodicalId":93168,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & cities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47299511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Stretching or conforming? Financing urban climate change adaptation in Copenhagen 拉伸还是顺应？哥本哈根城市气候变化适应融资

Buildings & cities Pub Date : 2022-11-23 DOI: 10.5334/bc.238

S. Whittaker, Kristjan Jespersen

引用次数: 0