Advancements in journal of urology and nephrology最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and Predictors of Malnutrition among patients on Maintenance Haemodialysis in a Tertiary Care Centre, Sri Lanka","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ajun.02.03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ajun.02.03.01","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a mammoth public health issue, the tide of which continues to rise continuously [1]. Approximately 2.5 million receive renal replacement therapy in the world and it is projected to double to 5.4 million by 2030 [1].","PeriodicalId":93064,"journal":{"name":"Advancements in journal of urology and nephrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44718337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tubular Necrosis, Acid-Base and Electrolyte Abnormalities Associated with Gasoline Vapour-induced Nephrotoxicity","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ajun.02.03.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ajun.02.03.03","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This study aimed to assess the effect of exposure to gasoline vapor (GV) on the histomorphology and biochemical markers of renal function in rats. Methods: Twenty-four mature Wistar Albino rats weighing 180–200 g were randomly divided into two groups (n = 12 per group). Animals in group 1 (G1) served as unexposed controls, while animals in group 2 (G2) were exposed to GV for 35 days. At the end of the exposure, the animals were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis while the kidneys were removed and processed for histopathological evaluation. Results: Serum biochemical markers of renal function in the exposed group differed significantly (p< 0.05) from the unexposed group in urea (45.16 ± 1.00mg/dl versus(vs) 13.20 ± 0.69 mg/dl), creatinine (1.16 ± 0.27mg/dl vs 0.38 ± 0.10mg/dl), uric acid (3.66 ± 0.82mmol/L vs 1.96 ± 0.08mmol/L), potassium (6.90 ± 0.27mmol/L vs 3.57 ± 0.26mmol/L), sodium (182.60 ± 3.21mmol/L vs 141.33 ± 10.46mmol/L), chloride (119.00 ± 1.58mmol/L vs 103.33 ± 2.07mmol/L), pH (6.82 ± 0.22 vs 7.38 ± 0.25), bicarbonate (16.60 ± 5.03mmol/L vs 26.50 ± 3.45mmol/L), and glucose (125.60 ± 16.23mg/ dl vs 83.33 ± 4.46mg/dl). Histopathological examination of kidney sections revealed areas of degenerative and necrotic changes in the glomerulus, tubules, and renal vasculature, particularly in the cortical portion of the kidney. Conclusion: Chronic exposure to gasoline compounds may be associated with significant structural and biochemical derangements in kidney function.","PeriodicalId":93064,"journal":{"name":"Advancements in journal of urology and nephrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49118884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of the Diagnostic Performance Characteristics of a One-Step Urine Malaria Test (UMT) against Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDT) in Febrile Patients from Fako Division, Cameroon","authors":"N. C. Awah, Rengerline Bihnwi Nchotu, Agnes Djema Bongah, J. Assob","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-33603/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-33603/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background : Presently, all malaria diagnostic methods like: microscopy and Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDT) are invasive as they depend on blood samples for malaria diagnosis. Hence this study was aimed at comparing the diagnostic performance characteristics of the novel Urine Malaria Test (UMT) to the currently used Blood RDT, and to find out the efficacy of this UMT in detecting low parasitaemia in the study population. Methodology : A cross sectional study involving 200 febrile participants, with no signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and kidney diseases, no history of hematuria, >15/µl leucocytes and urobilinogens of > 1 mg/dl in their urine, were recruited from the month of April to August 2017 in the Limbe and Buea Regional Hospitals. The main samples requested for analyses were urine and blood. Results : Using the blood smear microscopy as standard, out of the 200 participants, 93 (46.5%) were positive for P . malaria. UMT had a sensitivity and specificity of 82.41% and 83.48 while that of RDT was 84.09% and 83.03 respectively falciparum (CI: 72.80 to 92.05%, Kappa 0.665, p =0.001). The UMT had a lowest limit of detection of 140 parasites/μl which was similar to RDT. The PPV and NPV of UMT and RDT were (81.74% and 85.98%) and (80.04% and 87.28%), respectively. There was a close agreement between the RDT and UMT when compared to microscopy (83.5% and 83.0% respectively). Conclusion : The UMT kit that was evaluated in comparison to the blood based RDT, showed a lot of similarities using the blood smear microscopy as gold standard. Hence, it can be recommended for the prompt and accurate diagnosis of malaria in febrile patients.","PeriodicalId":93064,"journal":{"name":"Advancements in journal of urology and nephrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49516304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Time-Series and Forecasting to Manage Type 2 Diabetes Conditions (GH-Method:\u0000Math-Physical Medicine)","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ajun.02.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ajun.02.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the author’s application of Time-Series Analysis\u0000and forecasting to manage type 2 diabetes (T2D) conditions. The\u0000dataset is provided by the author, who uses his own T2D metabolic\u0000conditions control, as a case study via the “math-physical medicine”\u0000approach of a non-traditional methodology in medical research.\u0000Math-physical medicine (MPM) starts with the observation of the\u0000human body’s physical phenomena (not biological or chemical\u0000characteristics), collecting elements of the disease related data\u0000(preferring big data), utilizing applicable engineering modeling\u0000techniques, developing appropriate mathematical equations (not\u0000just statistical analysis), and finally predicting the direction of the\u0000development and control mechanism of the disease.","PeriodicalId":93064,"journal":{"name":"Advancements in journal of urology and nephrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45337592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haemangioma of the Penis: A Review and Update of the Literature","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ajun.02.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ajun.02.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Haemangioma of the penis (HOP) is a rare benign vascular lesion which can affect the penis of males including infants,\u0000children, and adults of up to the over 80 year-olds. HOP does manifest as: asymptomatic lump or lesion on the penis; localised\u0000pain or tenderness anywhere within the penis; a tumoral mass anywhere on the penis; pain in the penis on erection; curvature\u0000of penis on erection; bright red compressible papule or papules on penis; nodules on penis; plaques on penis; ulceration\u0000on penis; haemorrhage on penis. HOP may be associated erectile dysfunction in some cases and could affect voiding if it is\u0000associated with the urethral meatus. HOP which tends to be solitary in most cases may mimic other diseases of the penis as\u0000well as may be associated with haemangioma in the scrotum and perineal region occasionally. Diagnosis can be established\u0000by the clinical features and this can be reaffirmed by radiology imaging features with the use of Doppler ultrasound scan, CT\u0000scan and MRI scan which show low-flow within the lesion. Majority of the lesions tend to be superficial and not associated\u0000with the corpora cavernosa and spongiosum. There is no consensus opinion on the best treatment options hence various\u0000treatment options for HOP have been successfully utilized including: complete surgical excision, sclerotherapy, laser treatment,\u0000cryotherapy, and other therapies. Most cases of HOP do not recur but following sclerotherapy and laser treatment of large\u0000HOPs repeat procedures tend to be required and there may be residual / recurrent lesion that may need to be treated again.\u0000Deep and large HOPs may require complete excision with insertion of tunica graft. Very large HOPs could be more effectively\u0000treated by one stage complete surgical excision but the choice of the patient is important. The diagnosis of the lesion can be\u0000confirmed by the histopathology features of the lesion and positive immunohistochemistry staining for CD31 (strong), Factor\u0000VIII, and HHF35 (myopericytes) and minimal staining for CD34. HOP needs to be carefully differentiated from epithelioid\u0000angiosarcoma of the penis and epithelioid haemangioendothelioma. A multi-centre trial of various treatment options for HOP\u0000would be required to provide treatment guidelines for HOP taking into consideration the size of the lesion and availability\u0000of the various treatment options.","PeriodicalId":93064,"journal":{"name":"Advancements in journal of urology and nephrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44032602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of African Walnut (Tetracarpidium Conophorum) on Lipid Profile and Glucose\u0000Level in Albino Rats","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ajun.02.01.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ajun.02.01.08","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to investigate changes in lipid profile and glucose levels in twenty albino rats fed with African walnut.\u0000The twenty albino rats were divided into four groups with five animals in each group. Group 1 were placed on normal diet, group\u00002,3 and 4 were given 1% cholesterol,1%cholesterol and 1% African walnut seed powder, and 1% cholesterol and 5% walnut\u0000seed powder respectively. The level of serum lipid and plasma glucose was carried out by spectrophotometric method. The\u0000results were analyzed for statistical significance using analysis of variance ANOVA, p-value < 0.05 were considered statistical\u0000significant. The level of total cholesterol increased in group 2(164.60 ± 7.09g) when compared to control (160.20±2.28g) at\u0000p<0.05.While a significant increase was seen in mean value of group 2(220.00±33.918mg/dl) and group 3(120.00±36.74mg/\u0000dl) when compared to value of control (66.0±11.40mg/dl). Hence these observation indicate that supplementation of African\u0000walnut seed could be beneficial to patient with cardiovascular disease and diabetes.","PeriodicalId":93064,"journal":{"name":"Advancements in journal of urology and nephrology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41491253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Few Words About Kidney Damage","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ajun.02.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ajun.02.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"Kidney damage can be detected early and simply by urine and blood tests and blood pressure measurements. About one in\u0000ten adults has some form of kidney disease. It can develop at any age, and chronic kidney disease is becoming more common\u0000with increasing age. The kidneys are an extremely important organ for the health of the whole organism. About 200 liters of\u0000blood are purified daily. The kidneys remove waste material that is excreted in the urine. Regardless of age, simple and timely\u0000treatment can slow the progression of kidney disease, prevent complications and improve quality of life.","PeriodicalId":93064,"journal":{"name":"Advancements in journal of urology and nephrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42887003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nephron sparing surgery for giant renal angiomyolipoma; a viable option?","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ajun.02.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ajun.02.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"Angiomyolipomas (AML) are most common benign tumors of the Kidney. It may be an incidental diagnosis or in symptomatic\u0000patients it may cause flank pain,hematuria or renal mass. Also, sometimes renal AML may present initially as spontaneous\u0000retroperitoneal hemorrhage secondary to rupture (Wunderlich syndrome). AML >10 cm in size is known as giant AML and\u0000the data available on this entity is sparse. Herein, we report a case of a 28-year-old homemaker who had left flank pain for\u00003 months, on evaluation elsewhere, Ultrasonography, and Contrast Computed Tomography Scan - Kidney Ureter Bladder\u0000showed a left giant renal AML. This patient came to our centre for further management. Subsequently, this patient underwent\u0000left open Partial Nephrectomy; specimen was 21.5 cm x 16 cm x 14 cm in size and weighed 1330 g. Histopathological analysis\u0000showed AML. It is important to contemplate a primary nephron sparing approach even in a case of giant renal AML, as it\u0000may turn out to be a correct choice with a positive outcome.","PeriodicalId":93064,"journal":{"name":"Advancements in journal of urology and nephrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46996924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Revelations of Acute Kidney Injury in Cases of Acute Febrile Illness – A Hospital Based Observational Study from North Eastern India","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ajun.02.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ajun.02.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Clinicians across the globe refer to the published KDIGO definition of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) as\u0000one of the following:\u0000• An increase in serum creatinine by ≥0.3 mg/dl (≥26.5 µmol/l) within 48 hrs\u0000• An increase in serum creatinine to ≥1.5 times baseline within the previous 7 days\u0000• Urine volume <0.5 ml/kg/h for 6 hrs\u0000Acute febrile illnesses are a common cause of AKI in hospitalized patients. The present study was undertaken to\u0000evaluate the incidence of AKI in patients presenting with acute febrile illness and also study the different etiological\u0000factors responsible for acute febrile illness.\u0000Materials and Methods: The study included 200 patients of acute febrile illness admitted in Silchar Medical College\u0000And Hospital in the Department of Medicine over a period of 24 months. The data regarding the various causes such\u0000as the etiology of fever, kidney function tests and other parameters of the cases were obtained and analyzed using\u0000simple statistical methods.\u0000Results and Observations: A total of 52 patients (26%) with acute febrile illness due to etiologies like Leptospirosis,\u0000Falciparum Malaria, Enteric fever, Dengue, Scrub Typhus, and mixed Malaria, etc developed AKI out of the 200\u0000admitted cases presenting with acute febrile illness.\u0000Conclusion: The incidence of AKI is common in hospitalized patients of acute febrile illness and a thorough evaluation\u0000and detailed clinicobiochemical monitoring of the patients are necessary as it has varied etiology and often lead to\u0000an unfavorable or even unexpected outcome.","PeriodicalId":93064,"journal":{"name":"Advancements in journal of urology and nephrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44873243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Impact of Petroselinum Sativum on the Treatment of Urolithiasis in Rats","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ajun.02.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ajun.02.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"Petroselinum sativum (PS) belongs to Apiaceae family and is widely used as herb, spice and vegetable. We aimed to investigate\u0000the anti-urolithiatic effect of PS extract against ethylene glycol inducing urolithiasis and kidney stones in rats. Serum levels\u0000of creatinine, urea, uric acid, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium before and after treatment were measured. Protein\u0000gel electrophoresis was also assessed. Serum uric acid and creatinine were significantly decreased, magnesium level was\u0000significantly increased and calcium level was significantly decreased in treated groups compared with the group induced by\u0000ethylene glycol only without receiving treatment. Histopathology showed significant decrease in calcium oxalate deposits in\u0000kidneys of the treated groups compared with the ethylene glycol group. Protein gel electrophoresis showed significant decrease\u0000in both low and high molecular weight proteins in treated groups and significant increase in high molecular weight proteins\u0000in the group induced by ethylene glycol.","PeriodicalId":93064,"journal":{"name":"Advancements in journal of urology and nephrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45680387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}