Nanoscale最新文献

{"title":"Tuning Lipid Nanocarrier Mechanical Properties to improve Glioblastoma Targeting and Blood Brain Barrier Penetration","authors":"Ana Robles-Fernández, Daniel Jiménez-Boland, Alberto Leon-Cecilla, Martín Villegas-Montoya, José Ángel Traverso, Miguel Ángel Cuadros, A. Martin-Rodriguez, Modesto T. Lopez-Lopez, Mattia Bramini, Carmen Lucía Moraila-Martínez, Paola Sánchez Moreno","doi":"10.1039/d5nr00984g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr00984g","url":null,"abstract":"Nanocarrier lipid systems (NLSs) have emerged as versatile platforms for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, including drug delivery, gene therapy, and vaccine development. Recent advancements highlight their potential in targeting infectious diseases and treating pathological conditions like tumors, largely due to their ability to effectively encapsulate and deliver therapeutic agents. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of NLSs with varying lipid compositions to understand their physicochemical and mechanical properties, which are crucial for their performance in biomedical applications. NLSs were prepared using a solvent displacement method, resulting in formulations with different ratios of olive oil and stearic acid. These formulations were characterized to determine their size, polydispersity index, and surface charge. Dynamic Light Scattering and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis revealed that the size of the NLSs increased with higher stearic acid content. The NLSs demonstrated stability across a range of pH levels and in cell culture medium. The biomolecular corona formation and its impact on surface charge were also evaluated, showing significant effects on NLS stability. Mechanical properties, including rigidity and deformability, were assessed using Atomic Force Microscopy and rheological tests. The study found that increasing stearic acid content enhanced NLS rigidity and adhesion strength, which is crucial for their behaviour in biological systems such as blood circulation, tumor targeting, and cellular uptake. Biological evaluations demonstrated that these mechanical properties significantly influenced bio-interactions. Softer NLSs with a pure olive oil core displayed enhanced translocation across an in vitro blood-brain barrier model, underscoring their potential for drug delivery to the brain. Conversely, glioblastoma cell uptake studies revealed that the more rigid NLSs were internalized more efficiently by U87-MG cells, suggesting a role for stiffness in cellular entry. These findings provide insights into optimizing NLSs for specific therapeutic applications, particularly in overcoming barriers like the blood-brain barrier and targeting cerebral diseases.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143832110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of high-performance modular triboelectric nanogenerator for efficient mechanical energy harvesting and electrochemical applications","authors":"Hui Li, Ming Li, Jiwen Wang, Hongfa Han, Jiahui Liu, Weichao Wang, Yan Chen","doi":"10.1039/d4nr04949g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr04949g","url":null,"abstract":"Various forms of high-entropy energy (HEE), such as wind energy, ocean tidal energy, mechanical vibrations, and human motion, are widely distributed in nature and our surroundings. Effectively harvesting and utilizing this energy has become a promising solution to address the challenges of sustainable energy development. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), with their unique advantages in harvesting low-frequency and micro-amplitude mechanical energy, have emerged as a key technology in the field of distributed energy systems and have attracted significant academic attention in recent years. However, to expand the application scenarios of TENG, it is essential to continuously explore methods for improving their output performance. To meet the high-voltage output requirements of electrochemical applications, we developed a specialized electrochemical triboelectric nanogenerator (EC-TENG) by integrating a planetary gear-based mechanical structure with a multilayer parallel TENG configuration. This design significantly reduces the threshold for mechanical energy input while achieving a high-voltage output. By optimizing the rectification circuit, the crest factor was effectively reduced, and the current output was substantially enhanced. The EC-TENG demonstrated a maximum open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 575 V and a short-circuit current (ISC) of 42 μA, sufficient to power commercial electronic devices such as lamps. To enhance the portability and durability of the EC-TENG, a standardized manufacturing and packaging process was implemented, enabling quick replacement of vulnerable components and improving system reliability and service life. The EC-TENG shows great potential for high-voltage electrochemical applications, such as rust removal, and offers a sustainable and efficient solution for energy harvesting in distributed systems. This work provides a new perspective for addressing energy challenges and expanding the application scope of TENG-based technologies.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"254 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143832056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bamboo-Inspired Anisotropic Hydrogels with Enhanced Mechanical Properties via Cellulose Nanocrystal-Reinforced Heterostructures","authors":"Pengyan Wu, Zhengjie Zhang, Yan Hu, Yan Li, Tong Zhu, Yanxi Liu, Haitao Cui, Haijun Cui","doi":"10.1039/d4nr05310a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr05310a","url":null,"abstract":"Mimicking anisotropic materials is challenging due to their complex structural and mechanical properties. In this study, we developed biomimetic hydrogels that replicate the anisotropic characteristics of bamboo by incorporating cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) into polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels. The inclusion of CNCs significantly enhanced the mechanical strength, with a 0.5% CNCs concentration increasing the modulus by 1.9 times, from 110 kPa to 208 kPa. By utilizing CNC-doped regions to mimic the vascular bundles of bamboo and the undoped regions to represent the parenchyma tissue, we created biomimetic anisotropic hydrogels. These hydrogels displayed pronounced anisotropy, with the axial modulus exceeding the radial modulus, successfully demonstrating the creation of anisotropic materials. This method was also successfully applied to polyacrylic acid (PAA) hydrogels, further highlighting its versatility. These anisotropic biomimetic hydrogels exhibit distinct mechanical sensing properties in different directions, with the axial direction being 1.36 times more sensitive than the radial direction. This generalizable approach offers valuable insights for developing other anisotropic materials.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143832114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabricating 3A Optical Films via Transfer Printing from a Nickel Nanocone Array Template","authors":"Kun Gan, Shanlin Li, Haojie Zhu, Weisheng Pan, Rui Yao, Cheng Yang","doi":"10.1039/d5nr00089k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr00089k","url":null,"abstract":"Nanostructured surfaces are fundamental for the development of various functional films. Nanoimprint technology enables the transfer of patterns from templates with micro-nano structures onto various substrates to enable advanced functionalities. However, developing practical large-area periodic templates and achieving high-performance thin layers through imprinting have been challenging. This study presents a method for creating nickel nanocone arrays (NCAs) through electrodeposition as nanoimprint templates. By transfer printing optical resins with corresponding nanostructured surfaces using these templates, optical films with anti-glare (AG) functionality are produced. Additionally, anti-fingerprint (AF) resin with a specific thickness is coated on the surface of the optical films to achieve both anti-reflective (AR) and AF functionalities. The 3A optical films demonstrate exceptional properties, characterized by high hydrophobicity, low reflectivity, high transmittance, and desirable haze. This showcases the promising application potential of this innovative technology in the field of 3A optical films as well as photovoltaic panel applications.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143832112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the Time Course of Interaction between DNA Nanopores and Lipid Bilayers using QCM-D: Role of Cholesterol Anchors and Bilayer Supporting Substrates","authors":"Zugui Peng, Glenn Villena Latag, Hiroyuki Tahara, Tohru Yagi, Tomohiro Hayashi","doi":"10.1039/d5nr01299f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr01299f","url":null,"abstract":"Lipid membranes are fundamental elements of cells, serving as barriers that protect the cell interior from the external environment. DNA nanostructures, which can engineer lipid membranes' signal transduction and substance exchange properties, attract interest for their potential applications in the biomedical field. The interaction between DNA nanostructures and lipid membranes is of scientific and technological interest. Here, we investigate the interaction between DNA nanopores (DNPs) and model supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) using real-time quartz crystal microbalance with energy dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). The long observation time and high temporal resolution enable us to visualize the time course of DNPs’ interaction with SLBs, including their tethering and incorporating processes. Benefiting from the ability of QCM-D to obtain adsorbed layers’ viscoelasticity profiles, we found that the DNPs with three cholesterol tags aggregate and form a rigid layer on the SLB surface during their tethering step. Moreover, our results reveal that the supporting substrates of SLBs impact the incorporation of DNPs, whereby separating the SLBs from the SiO2 sensor surface with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) polymer cushion results in faster incorporation. This study not only sheds light on the behavior of DNPs but also establishes QCM-D as an analytical platform for exploring the interactions of membrane-interacting DNA nanostructures, potentially accelerating advancements in DNA nanotechnology.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143832108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-inspired Nickel-Iron Based Organogel: An Efficient and Stable Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall water splitting in high current density","authors":"Debasish Ghosh, Subhransu Maharana, Asit Baran Panda","doi":"10.1039/d5nr00589b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr00589b","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. Developing platinum group metal (PGM) free electrocatalyst remains prime challenges for cost effective green hydrogen (H2) production. Herein, mimicking the PSII catalyst, a bimetallic organo gel of Nickel (Ni2+), iron (Fe3+) and benzotriazole (NiFe-gel) is developed as efficient electrocatalyst. The developed synthetic strategy is simple and scalable and most importantly, no binder is required for gel loaded electrode preparation. The respective gel based electrode showed excellent bifunctional, both OER and HER, water electrolysis activity in low as well as high current density (η10: 110 mV and η1000: 260 mV for OER, and η10: 88 mV and η1000: 324 mV for HER), low Tafel slope and outstanding stability for 100 h current density of 1A cm ̶ 2. The two electrode electrolyser using the developed NiFe-gel in both anode and cathode for overall water splitting attain current density of 10 mA cm-2 and 1A cm-2 at a potential of 1.49 V and 1.89 V, respectively. Most significantly, NiFe-gel loaded anion exchange membrane based 4 cm2 alkaline water electrolysis (AEMAWE) attain current density of 1.08 A cm-2 at 50 ⁰C and 2V, and showed stability for at least 100 h. Very nominal performance reduction was observed on scale-up of electrolyser from 4 cm2 to 9 cm2 and the performance is better than the targeted AEMAWE performance of ≥1A cm-2 at 2V. The excellent performance is attributed to the synergistic electronic interaction between Fe3+ and Ni2+, interaction of nitrogen rich triazole moieties attached with metal site, similar to the PS II system, and porous electrode microstructure. Thus NiFe-gel might be alternative as a potential PGM free electrocatalyst for industrial scale hydrogen production through water electrolysis.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143832111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Ga2O3-based memristor devices, modeling, properties, and applications for low power neuromorphic computing","authors":"Rajwali Khan, Naveed Ur Rehman, R. Thangappan, Appukuttan Saritha, Sambasivam Sangaraju","doi":"10.1039/d4nr04865b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr04865b","url":null,"abstract":"About a decade ago, gallium oxide (Ga<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small>) was found to be a very attractive ultrawide-bandgap (4.6–4.9 eV) semiconductor for next-generation low-power devices. Ga<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small> materials have attracted a lot of scientific and technical interest because of their outstanding properties and numerous application opportunities in the field of semiconductor based memristor technology. This review is focused on Ga<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small> thin-film memristors for smart technologies. The capacitance behavior of memristors is very important for adapting nonlinear memristor responses. Also, this comprehensive review explores in depth the ideas, device construction, and manufacturing procedures for Ga<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small>-based memristor devices. To improve the device's behavior and performance improvement, a detailed analysis of many modeling and simulation techniques is given. Also, advanced characterization techniques, such as electrical, structural, and thermal evaluations, for studying artificial optoelectronic synaptic characteristics, which are important for use in computational neuroscience, are discussed in detail. The synaptic activities revealed that learning and memory processes were aided by potentiation and depression similar to those found in biological synapses. The most notable accomplishment is the realization of quaternary memory storage in a single device. This idea is supported by empirical evidence and simulations, which demonstrate the possibility of storing and maintaining multiple memory states. This study establishes oxide semiconductor memristors as a doorway to quaternary memory storage and improved synaptic functioning, paving the way for optoelectronic synaptic devices with greater memory capacity.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143832106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective and local flash-annealing for improvement in the contact characteristics of MoS2 transistors","authors":"Jun-Hwe Cha, Inseong Lee, Seol Won Yun, Woonggi Hong, Hyo Hoon Byeon, Jungyeop Oh, Seohak Park, Sung-Yool Choi","doi":"10.1039/d5nr00114e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr00114e","url":null,"abstract":"The fields of nanoscience and nanotechnology have recently progressed toward the sub-10 nm scale, which is a technology node that requires new materials for various applications owing to the quantum mechanical limitations of silicon. Accordingly, two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDCs) are widely being studied due to their great potential for low-power electronics. Despite these striking advantages, 2D TMDC field-effect transistors have poor mobility due to their high contact resistance and interfacial scattering of defects. To mitigate non-ideal electrical contacts, thermal annealing processes are performed in most cases; however, such processes require expensive and bulky equipment. In this study, a facile approach is proposed for ambient-air and selective annealing, which is performed on a wafer scale between MoS<small>₂</small> and electrodes through flash lamp irradiation. Flash lamp irradiation promotes excellent photothermal annealing, thus increasing the electrode temperature to &gt;640 K, significantly enhancing the device performance. It was confirmed that the primary cause for the improvement of contact characteristics is the hybridization between Au and MoS<small>₂</small> and the generation of sulfur vacancies in MoS<small>₂</small>, supported by surface element analysis and optical measurements.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143832113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NiFeMo layered triple hydroxide and MXene heterostructure for boosted oxygen evolution reaction in anion exchange membrane water electrolysis","authors":"Santanu Pal, Ekta Chaturvedi, Chandni Das, Nibedita Sinha, Tanbir Ahmed, Poulomi Roy","doi":"10.1039/d5nr00419e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr00419e","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient, low cost and stable electrocatalysts are highly desirable for sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline water electrolysis for hydrogen production. Interfacial engineering of heterostructures is quite beneficial for improving charge transfer efficiency at the interface. In this context, heterostructures of layered triple hydroxides (LTHs) and MXenes have shown great potential for OER electrocatalysts owing to their 2D-2D structure and unique physiochemical properties. Coupling LTHs with MXenes can potentially enhance their conductivity and stability, thereby boosting OER activity. In this study, we report a heterointerface between NiFeMo-LTH on Ti3C2Tx MXene, which exhibits superior catalytic activity and stability in alkaline freshwater as well as seawater reducing the activation energy. Importantly, the heterostructure achieved a current density of 100 mA cm-2 at by the cost of 292 mV and 340 mV overpotentials in alkaline saline water and real seawater, respectively and showed robustness over 100 h without any hypochlorite formation causing corrosion in alkaline real seawater. Moreover, NiFeMo-LTH/MXene was also explored in alkaline anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE) achieving a current density of 750 mA cm-2 at 2.16 V cell voltage at operating temperature of 60 ⁰C with energy efficiency of 60.5%. The Raman analysis and XPS analysis post stability test demonstrates the easy electron transfer from LTH to MXene at heterointerface leading to formation of NiOOH electroactive species facilitates the OER activity.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143832109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cobaltabis(dicarbollide) ([o-COSAN]-) loaded apoferritin: an innovative high-capacity boron delivery system to target tumour cells for BNCT applications.","authors":"Diego Alberti, Julieta Nicole Pinas Marcos, Sahar Rakhshan, Nicoletta Protti, Saverio Altieri, Miquel Nuez, Francesc Teixidor, Clara Vinas, Simonetta Geninatti Crich","doi":"10.1039/d5nr00362h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr00362h","url":null,"abstract":"This study describes an innovative apoferritin-based nanohybrid, Apo:[o-COSAN]⁻, as a high-capacity boron delivery system for potential application in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). The nanohybrid is characterized by a high boron content, stability, and the promotion of biological interactions of cobaltabis(dicarbollide) ([o-COSAN]⁻), encapsulated within the apoferritin protein cavity through an acid-induced dissociation and reassembly process. The Apo:[o-COSAN]⁻ nanohybrid demonstrated enhanced boron uptake in MCF7 breast cancer and AB22 mesothelioma cell lines, with superior stability and biocompatibility under physiological conditions. Notably, AB22 cells treated with Apo:[o-COSAN]⁻ showed significant cytotoxic effects following neutron irradiation, highlighting the potential of this system in BNCT. These findings underscore the versatility of apoferritin as a multifunctional nanocarrier for targeted cancer therapy, combining high boron payloads with selective tumour cell uptake.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143832115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}