Nanoscale最新文献

{"title":"High-Efficiency CO2 Electroreduction on Molybdenene: A Comparative Study Using Fixed-Charge and Fixed-Potential Methods","authors":"Song Yu, Huajian Pan, Xinzhuo Zhou, Dongxiao Yang, Gang Bi","doi":"10.1039/d4nr05394j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr05394j","url":null,"abstract":"The electrochemical conversion of renewable energy into fuels and chemicals addresses the energy crisis and environmental pollution. Current CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) catalysts face challenges like high overpotentials and poor selectivity. Metallenes, with structural advantages and abundant active sites, offer high performance. Notably, molybdenene has excelled in nitrogen reduction reaction electrocatalysis. Herein, employing three methods, the fixed-charge method (FCM) without and with solvent effect and the fixed-potential method (FPM), to evaluate molybdenene for CO2RR. This material inherently captures and activates CO2 due to its surplus surface electrons, demonstrating high activity and selectivity, favoring CH4 production. The optimal pathway, *CO2 → *OCHO → *OCH2O → *OCH2OH → *OCH2 → *OCH3 → *O → *OH → *H2O, exhibits low overpotentials (0.68 V), lower than Cu(211). Despite identical overpotentials from FCM with solvent effect and FPM, varying the potential-determining step emphasizes constant potential conditions. These findings underscore potential of this emerging materials as a high-efficiency CO2RR electrocatalyst, broadening its application prospects and encouraging further theoretical and practical exploration.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143853554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of Au13-based building block clusters for programmed dimer formation and Au13 cluster dimer photoexcitation properties","authors":"Taiga Kosaka, Yoshiki Niihori, Tokuhisa Kawawaki, Yuichi Negishi","doi":"10.1039/d5nr00724k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr00724k","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, there has been increasing attention on the fabrication of ligand-protected metal clusters composed of a finite number of noble metal atoms and on their precise assembly to elicit novel properties that are not observed in individual metal clusters. In the present study, we investigated (1) the behavior of ligand exchange reactions and (2) the selective and efficient formation of dimers composed of Au13 clusters. Specifically, we focused on a gold cluster consisting of 13 atoms coordinated to diphosphine ligands (dppe) and either chloride (Cl) or acetylide, i.e., [Au13(dppe)5X2]3+ (X = Cl or acetylide). The findings showed that Au13 clusters containing counter anion Cl− undergo a transformation under specific conditions, where Cl− acts as a ligand (rather than an anion) directly coordinated to the Au13 surface. The introduction of two types of ligands—chelating ligands that coordinate to the Au13 cluster surface and end-capping ligands that suppress polymerization—enabled the synthesis of a building block molecule which are programmed to selectively and spontaneously form Au13-based dimers upon the addition of metal ions. The designed building block clusters indeed selectively and efficiently formed stable dimers composed of two Au13 clusters in the presence of iron ions. Furthermore, in the Au13-based dimer, the phosphorescent Au13 moiety is directly connected to a coordination site that exhibits quenching effects, enabling rapid intramolecular photoinduced charge transfer even with a small driving force.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143842103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rubidium intercalation in epitaxial monolayer graphene","authors":"Letizia Ferbel, Stefano Veronesi, Onur Tevfik Mentes, Lars Buß, Antonio Rossi, Neeraj Prakash Mishra, Camilla Coletti, Jan Ingo Flege, Andrea Locatelli, Stefan Heun","doi":"10.1039/d5nr00417a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr00417a","url":null,"abstract":"Alkali metal intercalation of graphene layers has been of particular interest due to potential applications in electronics, energy storage, and catalysis. Rubidium (Rb) is one of the largest alkali metals and the one less investigated as intercalant. Here, we report a systematic investigation, with a multitechnique approach, of the phase formation of Rb under epitaxial monolayer graphene on SiC(0001). We explore a wide phase space with two control parameters: the Rb density (i.e., deposition time) and sample temperature (i.e., room- and low-temperature). We reveal the emergence of (2×2) and (√3×√3)R30° structures formed by a single alkali metal layer intercalated between monolayer graphene and the interfacial C-rich reconstructed surface, also known as buffer layer. Rb intercalation also results in a strong n-type doping of the graphene layer. Progressively annealing to high temperatures, we first reveal diffusion of Rb atoms which results in the enlargement of intercalated areas. As desorption sets in, intercalated regions progressively shrink and fragment. Eventually, at approximately 600 °C the initial surface is retrieved, indicating the reversibility of the intercalation process.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143837617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal-Organic Framework derived α-MnS MWCNT composite as a promising pseudocapacitive material in a flexible quasi-solid state asymmetric supercapacitor device","authors":"Mithun Sarkar, K. V. R. Siddhartha Sairam, Prakash C. Ghosh","doi":"10.1039/d5nr01156f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr01156f","url":null,"abstract":"The low conductivity of traditionally used pseudocapacitive materials like transition metal oxides has forced researchers to look for alternative materials. Transition metal sulfides are being investigated as viable alternative materials which have shown promising results. In this work, α-MnS MWCNT composite is selected as the active material for supercapacitor application. α-MnS has better conductivity than many transition metal oxides but has an extremely low specific surface area (10.5 m2 g-1), which reduces its specific capacitance. Metal-organic framework (MOF) derived materials are known to possess higher specific surface area and favorable pore size distribution. Herein, α-MnS MWCNT composite is synthesized via two routes: conventional solvothermal technique and MOF route and their performance is compared. It is proved that α-MnS MWCNT composite synthesized through the MOF route shows a favorable porous structure and better performance than the composite synthesized through the conventional route. It shows a specific surface area of 47.6 m2 g-1 and a specific capacitance of 546.3 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 with a mass loading of 1.5 mg cm-2 in 3 M KOH under the 3-electrode configuration. A flexible quasi-solid state asymmetric supercapacitor device is fabricated with MOF derived α-MnS MWCNT as the positive electrode material and the device achieved 1.4 V, showed a specific capacitance of 82.5 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 and a capacitance retention of 90.1% after 5000 cycles at 10 A g-1. The results clearly indicate that transition metal sulfides like MOF–derived α-MnS can be a viable alternative to traditional materials like transition metal oxides. The assembled device has the potential to power flexible, wearable electronics.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143837618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A self-powered ice growth sensing system for transmission lines based on a triboelectric nanogenerator and a micro thermoelectric generator","authors":"Yingli Lu, Changxin Liu, Yi Wang, Zhijie Hao, Chutian Chen, Bo Dong, Xun Zhou","doi":"10.1039/d5nr00647c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr00647c","url":null,"abstract":"Transmission line icing is a major natural hazard affecting overhead power lines, especially under specific meteorological conditions such as low temperatures, high humidity, and strong winds. Ice overload may cause line faults, structural damage, and even collapse of poles and towers. Traditional ice monitoring approaches have restrictions, such as discontinuous measurement and the inability to support the self-powered operation of the monitoring system. A self-powered monitoring method that utilizes a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and a micro thermoelectric generator (MTEG) to assess the thickness and growth dynamics of ice on transmission lines is presented. A TENG-based ice thickness sensing model (HP-TENG) employing a PR/PDMS composite friction layer fabricated <em>via</em> an AAO template method is established, integrated with bismuth telluride-based MTEG modules for enhanced energy harvesting and sensing capabilities. A prototype for monitoring the growth state of ice on transmission lines based on a TENG–MTEG is developed. An experiment system that integrates HP-TENGs, MTEGs, a signal processing unit, and a signal transmission unit is constructed. The system incorporates a multi-directional ice-cover growth signal processing unit, which can concurrently collect and process signals from six HP-TENG channels. The experimental results indicate that the HP-TENGs can accurately sense the ice thickness in the range of 10 mm–20 mm, achieving a maximum error of only 2.14%. It effectively monitors ice growth rates between 0.02 mm s<small>⁻¹</small> and 1 mm s<small>⁻¹</small>, with a maximum error of 3.65%. The MTEG unit demonstrates a maximum output voltage of 1.15 V and a maximum current of 180 mA. Furthermore, the multi-directional ice-cover growth signal processing unit processes the output signals from the HP-TENG and wirelessly transmits them to the microcontroller (MCU).","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143837619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence of Au(111) topological states in a kagome analogue lattice and their robustness beyond ultra-low temperatures and defect-free conditions","authors":"Dave Austin, Ana Barragan, Eric D Switzer, Sara Lois, Ane Sarasola, Duy Le, Talat Shahnaz Rahman, Lucia Vitali","doi":"10.1039/d5nr00229j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr00229j","url":null,"abstract":"The experimental realization of kagome lattices that exhibit the predicted coexistence of topological states with high electron kinetics and non-dispersing quantum states remains challenging. Additionally, the robustness of these states against structural perturbations has rarely been explored. Here, we report on the formation of an analogue kagome structure via the electrostatic self-assembly of 4,7-dibromobenzo[c]-1,2,5-thiadiazole (2Br-BTD) molecules on Au(111). Local spectroscopic measurements, supported by theoretical calculations, reveal that the weak molecular coupling reshapes the topological-induced Shockley surface state of Au(111) by imposing a (7x7) periodicity resulting in new band crossings. The molecular overlayer favours the opening of electron gaps at these positions manifested as sharp peaks in dI/dV spectra and electron localization in either the hexagonal or triangular sublattices of the kagome structure. To explore the robustness of these topological states, we monitored their stability under varied conditions, including different temperatures, the unaltered herringbone reconstruction of the Au(111) surface and local structural relaxation of the molecular assembly. These results demonstrate the degree of topological protection of these states, which holds potential for fundamental and applied research.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"232 2-3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143832107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning Lipid Nanocarrier Mechanical Properties to improve Glioblastoma Targeting and Blood Brain Barrier Penetration","authors":"Ana Robles-Fernández, Daniel Jiménez-Boland, Alberto Leon-Cecilla, Martín Villegas-Montoya, José Ángel Traverso, Miguel Ángel Cuadros, A. Martin-Rodriguez, Modesto T. Lopez-Lopez, Mattia Bramini, Carmen Lucía Moraila-Martínez, Paola Sánchez Moreno","doi":"10.1039/d5nr00984g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr00984g","url":null,"abstract":"Nanocarrier lipid systems (NLSs) have emerged as versatile platforms for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, including drug delivery, gene therapy, and vaccine development. Recent advancements highlight their potential in targeting infectious diseases and treating pathological conditions like tumors, largely due to their ability to effectively encapsulate and deliver therapeutic agents. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of NLSs with varying lipid compositions to understand their physicochemical and mechanical properties, which are crucial for their performance in biomedical applications. NLSs were prepared using a solvent displacement method, resulting in formulations with different ratios of olive oil and stearic acid. These formulations were characterized to determine their size, polydispersity index, and surface charge. Dynamic Light Scattering and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis revealed that the size of the NLSs increased with higher stearic acid content. The NLSs demonstrated stability across a range of pH levels and in cell culture medium. The biomolecular corona formation and its impact on surface charge were also evaluated, showing significant effects on NLS stability. Mechanical properties, including rigidity and deformability, were assessed using Atomic Force Microscopy and rheological tests. The study found that increasing stearic acid content enhanced NLS rigidity and adhesion strength, which is crucial for their behaviour in biological systems such as blood circulation, tumor targeting, and cellular uptake. Biological evaluations demonstrated that these mechanical properties significantly influenced bio-interactions. Softer NLSs with a pure olive oil core displayed enhanced translocation across an in vitro blood-brain barrier model, underscoring their potential for drug delivery to the brain. Conversely, glioblastoma cell uptake studies revealed that the more rigid NLSs were internalized more efficiently by U87-MG cells, suggesting a role for stiffness in cellular entry. These findings provide insights into optimizing NLSs for specific therapeutic applications, particularly in overcoming barriers like the blood-brain barrier and targeting cerebral diseases.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143832110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of high-performance modular triboelectric nanogenerator for efficient mechanical energy harvesting and electrochemical applications","authors":"Hui Li, Ming Li, Jiwen Wang, Hongfa Han, Jiahui Liu, Weichao Wang, Yan Chen","doi":"10.1039/d4nr04949g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr04949g","url":null,"abstract":"Various forms of high-entropy energy (HEE), such as wind energy, ocean tidal energy, mechanical vibrations, and human motion, are widely distributed in nature and our surroundings. Effectively harvesting and utilizing this energy has become a promising solution to address the challenges of sustainable energy development. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), with their unique advantages in harvesting low-frequency and micro-amplitude mechanical energy, have emerged as a key technology in the field of distributed energy systems and have attracted significant academic attention in recent years. However, to expand the application scenarios of TENG, it is essential to continuously explore methods for improving their output performance. To meet the high-voltage output requirements of electrochemical applications, we developed a specialized electrochemical triboelectric nanogenerator (EC-TENG) by integrating a planetary gear-based mechanical structure with a multilayer parallel TENG configuration. This design significantly reduces the threshold for mechanical energy input while achieving a high-voltage output. By optimizing the rectification circuit, the crest factor was effectively reduced, and the current output was substantially enhanced. The EC-TENG demonstrated a maximum open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 575 V and a short-circuit current (ISC) of 42 μA, sufficient to power commercial electronic devices such as lamps. To enhance the portability and durability of the EC-TENG, a standardized manufacturing and packaging process was implemented, enabling quick replacement of vulnerable components and improving system reliability and service life. The EC-TENG shows great potential for high-voltage electrochemical applications, such as rust removal, and offers a sustainable and efficient solution for energy harvesting in distributed systems. This work provides a new perspective for addressing energy challenges and expanding the application scope of TENG-based technologies.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"254 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143832056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bamboo-Inspired Anisotropic Hydrogels with Enhanced Mechanical Properties via Cellulose Nanocrystal-Reinforced Heterostructures","authors":"Pengyan Wu, Zhengjie Zhang, Yan Hu, Yan Li, Tong Zhu, Yanxi Liu, Haitao Cui, Haijun Cui","doi":"10.1039/d4nr05310a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr05310a","url":null,"abstract":"Mimicking anisotropic materials is challenging due to their complex structural and mechanical properties. In this study, we developed biomimetic hydrogels that replicate the anisotropic characteristics of bamboo by incorporating cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) into polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels. The inclusion of CNCs significantly enhanced the mechanical strength, with a 0.5% CNCs concentration increasing the modulus by 1.9 times, from 110 kPa to 208 kPa. By utilizing CNC-doped regions to mimic the vascular bundles of bamboo and the undoped regions to represent the parenchyma tissue, we created biomimetic anisotropic hydrogels. These hydrogels displayed pronounced anisotropy, with the axial modulus exceeding the radial modulus, successfully demonstrating the creation of anisotropic materials. This method was also successfully applied to polyacrylic acid (PAA) hydrogels, further highlighting its versatility. These anisotropic biomimetic hydrogels exhibit distinct mechanical sensing properties in different directions, with the axial direction being 1.36 times more sensitive than the radial direction. This generalizable approach offers valuable insights for developing other anisotropic materials.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143832114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabricating 3A Optical Films via Transfer Printing from a Nickel Nanocone Array Template","authors":"Kun Gan, Shanlin Li, Haojie Zhu, Weisheng Pan, Rui Yao, Cheng Yang","doi":"10.1039/d5nr00089k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr00089k","url":null,"abstract":"Nanostructured surfaces are fundamental for the development of various functional films. Nanoimprint technology enables the transfer of patterns from templates with micro-nano structures onto various substrates to enable advanced functionalities. However, developing practical large-area periodic templates and achieving high-performance thin layers through imprinting have been challenging. This study presents a method for creating nickel nanocone arrays (NCAs) through electrodeposition as nanoimprint templates. By transfer printing optical resins with corresponding nanostructured surfaces using these templates, optical films with anti-glare (AG) functionality are produced. Additionally, anti-fingerprint (AF) resin with a specific thickness is coated on the surface of the optical films to achieve both anti-reflective (AR) and AF functionalities. The 3A optical films demonstrate exceptional properties, characterized by high hydrophobicity, low reflectivity, high transmittance, and desirable haze. This showcases the promising application potential of this innovative technology in the field of 3A optical films as well as photovoltaic panel applications.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143832112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}