The International zoo yearbook最新文献_第7页

A retrospective review of great ape cardiovascular disease epidemiology and pathology 类人猿心血管疾病流行病学和病理学的回顾性研究

The International zoo yearbook Pub Date : 2018-06-03 DOI: 10.1111/izy.12193

V. J. Strong, M. Martin, S. Redrobe, K. White, K. Baiker

{"title":"A retrospective review of great ape cardiovascular disease epidemiology and pathology","authors":"V. J. Strong, M. Martin, S. Redrobe, K. White, K. Baiker","doi":"10.1111/izy.12193","DOIUrl":"10.1111/izy.12193","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular disease is associated with significant mortality in zoo-housed great apes, yet little is known about its epidemiology and aetiopathogenesis, and therefore its diagnosis, treatment and prevention. In this retrospective study, the frequency and patterns of cardiovascular disease-associated mortality in zoo-housed great apes is explored. Data relating to 71 great apes [Bonobos Pan paniscus (n = 13), Chimpanzees Pan troglodytes (n = 37), Western lowland gorillas Gorilla gorilla gorilla (n = 15), and Bornean orangutans Pongo pygmaeus and Sumatran orangutans Pongo abelii (n = 6)], which died between 2004 and 2014, were studied and key information relating to their signalment (taxa, age, sex), and manner and cause of death analysed. Male sex and increasing age were found to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease-associated death. Relative to the other taxa, orangutans appeared to be less at risk of heart disease-associated mortality. Deaths were often found to be sudden and unexpected. Cardiomyopathies were the most frequently diagnosed cardiovascular disorder. Of these, a group of cardiomyopathies characterized by the presence of myocardial fibrosis were most common, although there were inconsistencies with regards the reporting of other histopathological features. The study identified potential risk factors involved in great ape cardiovascular disease aetiopathogenesis which warrant further exploration. The findings also suggest a need for proactive screening to identify those affected earlier in the disease course. Finally, the study highlights a critical need for improvements to be made to the current approach to post-mortem investigation of great ape heart disease and the subsequent reporting of cardiovascular lesions.","PeriodicalId":92961,"journal":{"name":"The International zoo yearbook","volume":"52 1","pages":"113-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/izy.12193","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46238576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Reproductive management of the Orinoco river dolphin Inia geoffrensis humboldtiana in Venezuela 委内瑞拉奥里诺科河海豚Inia geoffrensis humboldtiana的繁殖管理

The International zoo yearbook Pub Date : 2018-06-03 DOI: 10.1111/izy.12195

E. O. Boede, E. Mujica-Jorquera, F. Boede, C. Varela

{"title":"Reproductive management of the Orinoco river dolphin Inia geoffrensis humboldtiana in Venezuela","authors":"E. O. Boede, E. Mujica-Jorquera, F. Boede, C. Varela","doi":"10.1111/izy.12195","DOIUrl":"10.1111/izy.12195","url":null,"abstract":"The Orinoco river dolphin Inia geoffrensis humboldtiana is included in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. The International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List used to categorize the Orinoco river dolphin as Vulnerable; however, it is now considered Data Deficient because current information about threats, ecology and the population are limited and out of date. The Red Book of Venezuelan Wildlife categorizes the species as ‘vulnerable’, and the Venezuelan National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan identifies ex situ conservation actions for threatened species. The distribution of this river dolphin in Venezuela extends from the Casiquiare canal, upper/mid-/lower Orinoco River, tributaries, through the delta, where its populations are threatened by the deterioration of habitat, illegal hunting and accidental capture in fishing nets. Captive-breeding programmes for cetacean river species worldwide, including the Orinoco river dolphin, have led to an increase in knowledge about reproductive parameters and biological data, which is helpful for future conservation planning. Detailed husbandry manuals and management procedures, which were insufficient at the time the data were collected, are of vital importance for the sustained survival and reproduction of this species ex situ, especially if the conservation status should change from Vulnerable to Critically Endangered. Valencia Aquarium, Venezuela, housed Orinoco river dolphins for 41 years, from 1975 onwards. In 1994 a reproductive group was established with one male and two females. Over the next 22 years (1994–2016) eight calves were born. The following report details the prenatal management, birthing events, lactation periods, and sizes, weights and survival of the young.","PeriodicalId":92961,"journal":{"name":"The International zoo yearbook","volume":"52 1","pages":"245-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/izy.12195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62728820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Guidelines for consistent cardiovascular post-mortem examination, sampling and reporting of lesions in European zoo-housed great apes 欧洲动物园饲养的类人猿心血管尸检、取样和病变报告的一致性指南

The International zoo yearbook Pub Date : 2018-05-29 DOI: 10.1111/izy.12191

V. J. Strong, M. N. Sheppard, S. Redrobe, K. Baiker

{"title":"Guidelines for consistent cardiovascular post-mortem examination, sampling and reporting of lesions in European zoo-housed great apes","authors":"V. J. Strong, M. N. Sheppard, S. Redrobe, K. Baiker","doi":"10.1111/izy.12191","DOIUrl":"10.1111/izy.12191","url":null,"abstract":"Inconsistencies and inadequacies in both the approach to post-mortem examination of the heart and the subsequent reporting of findings have been blamed for a lack of progression of understanding about great ape cardiovascular disease. In order to minimize and confront these issues in the United States, Association of Zoos and Aquariums-member zoos have necropsy data collated by the Great Ape Heart Project using a protocol developed by their pathology advisors. In Europe, however, there does not appear to be in existence any standardization or process for consistent cardiac post-mortem examination, data collection and/or relevant research. This article provides those readers working within/for European collections with a suggested protocol for the initial post-mortem inspection and sampling of the hearts of great apes. This article also outlines the detailed macroscopic and histopathologic examination that is currently carried out at The University of Nottingham, UK, as part of an ongoing prospective, multi-centre study into great ape cardiovascular disease aetiopathogenesis. Finally, readers are offered guidance on the reporting and description specifically of idiopathic myocardial fibrosis (also referred to elsewhere as fibrosing cardiomyopathy). The standardized post-mortem examination of the great ape heart across European zoological collections will ensure a more uniform sampling procedure resulting in the availability of consistent good-quality data. It is hoped that this will, in turn, inform diagnostic pathology and research in this area, and enhance understanding about the aetiopathogenesis of great ape cardiovascular lesions.","PeriodicalId":92961,"journal":{"name":"The International zoo yearbook","volume":"52 1","pages":"126-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/izy.12191","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48894763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Euthanasia and small-population management: development of transparent processes, good governance and a practical application 安乐死和小人口管理:透明过程的发展，良好的治理和实际应用

The International zoo yearbook Pub Date : 2018-05-10 DOI: 10.1111/izy.12192

E. Walraven, P. Andrew, N. Boyle, S. Duffy

{"title":"Euthanasia and small-population management: development of transparent processes, good governance and a practical application","authors":"E. Walraven, P. Andrew, N. Boyle, S. Duffy","doi":"10.1111/izy.12192","DOIUrl":"10.1111/izy.12192","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of euthanasia is one of the more challenging aspects of managing populations of animals in human care. The practice of animal euthanasia is a matter of sensitivity within zoos and the wider community. Decisions are centred on the ethical obligations towards the animals in our care, and the acknowledgement that individual animals matter to our staff, volunteers and visitors. In order to facilitate timely decisions in an objective way to benefit the animal population as a whole, and the need to dedicate resources towards the best possible conservation outcomes, Taronga Conservation Society Australia (Taronga) initiated a process of review in 2009. This review resulted in the development of a Euthanasia Decision Key to assist the process in an inclusive way. Taronga recognizes a responsibility not only to the welfare of the individual but also to the resilience of the animal populations in its care. In some species the resilience of a population is prioritized over the interests, but not welfare, of the individual. Taronga used a combination of considerations underpinned by the life-history parameters of each species as a guide to formulate decisions when these interests are in potential conflict. Euthanasia is a last resort that is only applied once all other alternatives have been considered. Taronga's approach to welfare and animal care is continually evolving to ensure contemporary practice. This paper describes the decision-making process that was developed, and the ethical underpinnings inherent within it. The approach and processes continue to evolve to remain contemporary with emerging laws, ethics and societal expectations.","PeriodicalId":92961,"journal":{"name":"The International zoo yearbook","volume":"52 1","pages":"258-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/izy.12192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47565908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Studying primate personality in zoos: implications for the management, welfare and conservation of great apes 动物园灵长类动物个性研究：对类人猿管理、福利和保护的启示

The International zoo yearbook Pub Date : 2018-04-23 DOI: 10.1111/izy.12187

M. C. Gartner, A. Weiss

引用次数: 26

Husbandry and breeding of Greater green leafbird Chloropsis sonnerati at Jurong Bird Park, Singapore 新加坡裕廊鸟园大绿叶鸟Chlorosis sonnerati的饲养和繁殖

The International zoo yearbook Pub Date : 2018-04-19 DOI: 10.1111/izy.12188

M. Kumar, J. Lee, F. Cabana

{"title":"Husbandry and breeding of Greater green leafbird Chloropsis sonnerati at Jurong Bird Park, Singapore","authors":"M. Kumar, J. Lee, F. Cabana","doi":"10.1111/izy.12188","DOIUrl":"10.1111/izy.12188","url":null,"abstract":"The only chloropseids known that are alive today, are the leafbirds. The Greater green leafbird Chloropsis sonnerati is a small-sized, South East Asian passerine that is being threatened by the songbird trade. At Jurong Bird Park, Singapore, C. sonnerati bred for the first time in January 2017. This article will describe the methods utilized to breed this species successfully, including using a bamboo-fibre canary nest. Initial observations of nesting Greater green leafbirds in a mixed aviary showed that C. sonnerati were consistently disturbed by the pair of Red crested turaco Tauraco erythrolophus. The turacos were removed from the aviary and this allowed the Greater green leafbirds to build a nest and lay two eggs. Chloropsis sonnerati incubated the eggs for 14 days and the first egg hatched on 1 January 2017. Parents were observed taking good care of the chicks for the first 6 days but one chick was found dead on the ground on day 7. The remaining chick was transferred to the Breeding & Research Centre (BRC) to be hand reared. The C. sonnerati juvenile was observed perching on the nest basket on day 16 and it fledged on day 34. We attribute this successful leafbird breeding to the type of nest, nesting materials, diet and hand-rearing diet, and the detailed observations and care by the keepers.","PeriodicalId":92961,"journal":{"name":"The International zoo yearbook","volume":"52 1","pages":"227-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/izy.12188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45781057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genomic variation of the great apes and the application to conservation 类人猿的基因组变异及其在保护中的应用

The International zoo yearbook Pub Date : 2018-04-17 DOI: 10.1111/izy.12185

T. Marques-Bonet, C. Hvilsom

引用次数: 4

Emerging relationships in a new group of Western lowland gorillas Gorilla gorilla gorilla at Riverbanks Zoo & Garden, Columbia, SC 一群西部低地大猩猩的新关系在河岸动物园和花园，哥伦比亚，南卡罗来纳州

The International zoo yearbook Pub Date : 2018-03-22 DOI: 10.1111/izy.12183

S. M. Huskisson, J. L. Chism

{"title":"Emerging relationships in a new group of Western lowland gorillas Gorilla gorilla gorilla at Riverbanks Zoo & Garden, Columbia, SC","authors":"S. M. Huskisson, J. L. Chism","doi":"10.1111/izy.12183","DOIUrl":"10.1111/izy.12183","url":null,"abstract":"Behavioural interactions among members of a newly formed group of Western lowland gorillas Gorilla gorilla gorilla are analysed, from the early stages of group formation through the first several months after introduction. The group consisted of a male, two half-sisters and an unrelated female. Data were collected in 15 minute focal animal samples for 3 hours twice a week in two 9 week observation blocks for a total of 99·25 observation hours. Hypotheses tested included: frequency of affiliative behaviours would increase over time, with more affiliative interactions between related females; and agonism would decrease over time. Overall, the mean rates of either behaviour type did not change between observation blocks (affiliative: P = 0·075; agonistic: P = 0·116) Total dyadic rates of affiliation were different in female–male dyads (P < 0·001) but not in female–female dyads (P = 0·525). Dyadic mean rates of agonism from both observation blocks were not different in either female–male or female–female dyads (P = 0·210). Using data from approach–withdrawal and grooming interactions, no strong dominance hierarchy was found among females, despite the relatedness of two of the three females. In general, the focal group exhibited group-wide and intrasex relationships similar to those documented in other gorilla groups in zoos and in the wild, particularly with regard to the lack of consistent female social dominance.","PeriodicalId":92961,"journal":{"name":"The International zoo yearbook","volume":"52 1","pages":"92-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/izy.12183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45532556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Building relationships: how zoos and other partners can contribute to the conservation of wild orangutans Pongo spp 建立关系:动物园和其他合作伙伴如何为保护野生猩猩做出贡献

The International zoo yearbook Pub Date : 2018-03-14 DOI: 10.1111/izy.12184

M. Ancrenaz, C. Barton, P. Riger, S. Wich

引用次数: 7

Gorilla Gorilla spp conservation – from zoos to the field and back: examples from the Mbeli Bai Study 大猩猩-大猩猩保护——从动物园到野外再到野外：姆贝利·拜研究的例子

The International zoo yearbook Pub Date : 2018-03-02 DOI: 10.1111/izy.12181

T. Breuer, M. Manguette, M. Groenenberg

{"title":"Gorilla Gorilla spp conservation – from zoos to the field and back: examples from the Mbeli Bai Study","authors":"T. Breuer, M. Manguette, M. Groenenberg","doi":"10.1111/izy.12181","DOIUrl":"10.1111/izy.12181","url":null,"abstract":"Zoos and aquariums undoubtably have an important role to play in supporting species conservation through a diverse range of activities, including public awareness and financial support of field-conservation projects. Charismatic megafauna, such as gorillas Gorilla spp, play a crucial role as flagship species in their range countries, acting as ambassadors for conservation. Here, we present examples from the Mbeli Bai Study (MBS) in northern Congo, a long-term Western lowland gorilla Gorilla gorilla gorilla field-conservation project. We show how collaborations between zoos and field-conservation projects can support each other in numerous ways. Over the last two decades the MBS has received substantial support from zoos. A large portion of the operational budget has been provided by zoos and this has ensured a degree of financial independence over the long term. Intensive exchange of conservation-education techniques in terms of material and staff expertise has been helpful for MBS's education project ‘Club Ebobo’. This has not only provided training for field educators but has also given zoo personnel and visitors better insight into the realities of conservation in range countries. Such exchanges can further help to promote awareness, raising the role of zoos in supporting field-conservation projects. Finally, the knowledge gained through scientific research has proven to be beneficial for animals both in the field (e.g. improved conservation measures) and in captivity (e.g. better-adapted group structure, feeding strategies and environment). Here, we discuss our experience and describe some of the benefits and challenges of conservation collaborations between zoos and field-conservation projects.","PeriodicalId":92961,"journal":{"name":"The International zoo yearbook","volume":"52 1","pages":"137-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/izy.12181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42278006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6