The International zoo yearbook最新文献

{"title":"Zoo elephant research: contributions to conservation of captive and free-ranging species","authors":"U. S. Bechert,&nbsp;J. L. Brown,&nbsp;E. S. Dierenfeld,&nbsp;P. D. Ling,&nbsp;C. M. Molter,&nbsp;B. A. Schulte","doi":"10.1111/izy.12211","DOIUrl":"10.1111/izy.12211","url":null,"abstract":"<p>African elephants <i>Loxodonta africana</i> and Asian elephants <i>Elephas maximus</i> are not thriving in many captive settings and are threatened throughout their native ranges. Many zoos support <i>in situ</i> conservation projects and provide opportunities to conduct <i>ex situ</i> research in controlled settings with comparably approachable animals. Zoo elephant projects may facilitate fieldwork with free-ranging elephants (e.g. development of non-invasive sampling and analytical tools), which may then also improve the husbandry of elephants in human care. Free-ranging elephants also benefit from drug therapies and veterinary care when they are orphaned, kept as working elephants or brought in as rehabilitation cases – especially as human–elephant conflicts become more common as a result of ever-expanding human populations. Much has been learned about the basic biology and husbandry needs of elephants but, often, the more we learn, the more questions arise. There are physiological differences between African and Asian elephants, and this should affect the management of these animals. This paper will provide brief overviews of the current state of knowledge regarding the pharmacology, nutrition, reproduction, sensory biology and diseases (primarily elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus infections) relevant to elephants with recommendations for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":92961,"journal":{"name":"The International zoo yearbook","volume":"53 1","pages":"89-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/izy.12211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41590780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Conservation of Great Apes","authors":"Frank Rietkerk,&nbsp;Jeffrey J. M. Pereboom","doi":"10.1111/izy.12202","DOIUrl":"10.1111/izy.12202","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This volume of the <i>International Zoo Yearbook</i> aims to address the plight of some of the most charismatic and iconic animals we know - the non-human great apes - and to showcase the work carried out by zoological institutions, sanctuaries and their conservation partners towards improving the management, well-being and protection of great ape species both in captivity and in the wild. The contributions in this volume highlight the latest achievements in great ape research, health and nutrition, animal management, <i>in situ</i> conservation and <i>ex situ</i> breeding programmes, and provide examples of how zoos can contribute to addressing the challenges and difficulties experienced when dealing with husbandry and population management linked to captive breeding, and in ensuring the protection of wild great apes and their habitats. (Photo: Ronald van der Beek, Stichting Apenheul)\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":92961,"journal":{"name":"The International zoo yearbook","volume":"52 1","pages":"9-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/izy.12202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47551606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Author Index to Volume 52","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/izy.12207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/izy.12207","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92961,"journal":{"name":"The International zoo yearbook","volume":"52 1","pages":"479-480"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/izy.12207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"109175813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subject Index to Volume 52","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/izy.12208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/izy.12208","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92961,"journal":{"name":"The International zoo yearbook","volume":"52 1","pages":"481-487"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/izy.12208","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"109175814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Index to List of Zoos and Aquariums of the World","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/izy.12196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/izy.12196","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92961,"journal":{"name":"The International zoo yearbook","volume":"52 1","pages":"431-447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/izy.12196","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"109175816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zoos and Aquariums of the World","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/izy.12197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/izy.12197","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92961,"journal":{"name":"The International zoo yearbook","volume":"52 1","pages":"267-430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/izy.12197","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"109175693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International Studbooks for Rare Species of Wild Animals in Captivity","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/izy.12194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/izy.12194","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92961,"journal":{"name":"The International zoo yearbook","volume":"52 1","pages":"448-478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/izy.12194","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"109175817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global population records and managed-programme updates for the great apes: short report","authors":"F. A. Fisken,&nbsp;F. Carlsen,&nbsp;M. Elder,&nbsp;T. de Jongh,&nbsp;J. J. M. Pereboom,&nbsp;B. Pohl,&nbsp;F. Rietkerk,&nbsp;S. R. Ross,&nbsp;A. Taniguchi","doi":"10.1111/izy.12206","DOIUrl":"10.1111/izy.12206","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Keeping records of individual wild animals managed by zoos and aquariums is an essential component of population management, not only on the institutional scale but also to ensure long-term health and viability of species populations regionally and globally. There are long-established studbooks for Bornean orangutan <i>Pongo pygmaeus,</i> Sumatran orangutan <i>Pongo abelii</i>, Bonobo <i>Pan paniscus</i>, Chimpanzee <i>Pan troglodytes</i> sspp and Western lowland gorilla <i>Gorilla gorilla gorilla</i>. National and regional zoo and aquarium associations manage these population records through a variety of conservation programmes, ensuring the data are available for those working to conserve great apes and their habitats. This report presents updates for the great ape managed conservation programmes, with specific data provided for the 2016 global zoo populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":92961,"journal":{"name":"The International zoo yearbook","volume":"52 1","pages":"212-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/izy.12206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46965032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Regurgitation and reingestion’ (R/R) in great apes: a review of current knowledge","authors":"S. P. Hill","doi":"10.1111/izy.12204","DOIUrl":"10.1111/izy.12204","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Research indicates that regurgitation and reingestion (R/R) is a relatively common behaviour in zoo-housed great apes, with most studies to date carried out on Western lowland gorillas <i>Gorilla gorilla gorilla</i> and Chimpanzees <i>Pan troglodytes</i>. R/R is an abnormal behaviour because great apes are not anatomically adapted to regurgitate their food as part of their normal feeding processes, and because this behaviour has not been observed in members of the species living freely in the wild, in conditions that would allow a full behavioural range. In this article, an overview is given of the published literature on R/R in great apes, which suggests that this behaviour is probably multifactorial and may be linked to inappropriate feeding environments (e.g. in terms of nutritional composition of the diet and/or presentation of food), and possibly also social and other factors. A similar behaviour to R/R, known as rumination disorder, can occur in humans (another great ape species), in whom it is classified as a feeding and eating disorder, and there are potential consequences to people's physical health as a result of oral acid. There have been no known studies to date to identify whether or not similar health consequences can occur in non-human great apes, but the regurgitant has been found to be significantly more acidic in gorillas than the food they ingested originally, meaning it is potentially injurious in non-human great apes. There is much that is not yet known about R/R and how to reduce or eliminate it when it does occur. The research indicates that there are a range of factors involved and these can vary by individual animal. More research into this behaviour is clearly needed to ensure that zoos and sanctuaries are providing the best possible care for these animals, and some suggestions for future research directions are included in this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":92961,"journal":{"name":"The International zoo yearbook","volume":"52 1","pages":"62-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/izy.12204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45886462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and demographic analysis of European Endangered Species Programme (EEP) and Species Survival Plan (SSP) Western lowland gorilla Gorilla gorilla gorilla populations","authors":"M. Moreno Rivas,&nbsp;J. D. Rodríguez Teijeiro,&nbsp;Mª T. Abelló","doi":"10.1111/izy.12199","DOIUrl":"10.1111/izy.12199","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Since the late 1990s, European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA)-member zoos have worked collaboratively to achieve a self-sustaining population for gorilla through the European Endangered Species Programme (EEP). The Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) in the United States has similarly worked through the Species Survival Plan (SSP). These populations are all registered in the <i>International Studbook for the Western Lowland Gorilla</i> Gorilla g. gorilla <i>Savage &amp; Wyman, 1847,</i> which is updated annually. Demographic and genetic analyses of these data are carried out to monitor population development. This paper presents the results of the genetic and demographic analysis of EAZA and AZA populations of the Western lowland gorilla <i>Gorilla gorilla gorilla</i>, considering the individuals registered since the beginning of the studbook (1950) until 2014, and the analyses are mainly focused on the results for both populations around the last decade. The data have been gathered from the 2014 international studbook and data registered in the Single Population Analysis and Records Keeping System (Sparks). Genetic and demographic analyses were carried out using PMx software. The results of the demographic analyses show that the EEP population is growing, demonstrating positive life parameters; for example, a finite growth rate of λ = 1·007, an instantaneous growth rate of <i>r</i> = 0·007 and a net reproductive rate of <i>R</i>₀ = 1·160. However, the results of the demographic analyses for the SSP population show a general tendency for population reduction; that is, a finite growth rate of λ = 0·992, an instantaneous rate of growth rate <i>r</i> = −0·008 and a net reproductive rate of <i>R</i>₀ = 0·864. When comparing the results from both populations it would appear that the application of strict breeding policies in the SSP for a few years had a noticeable impact on the SSP demographic results.</p>","PeriodicalId":92961,"journal":{"name":"The International zoo yearbook","volume":"52 1","pages":"194-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/izy.12199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43301271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}