The International zoo yearbook最新文献_第5页

Skin bacterial microflora of two closely related mountain newts (Salamandridae) – the Yellow-spotted mountain newt Neurergus derjugini and the Kaiser's mountain newt Neurergus kaiseri – in the wild and in a breeding facility highlight new conservation perspectives 两种密切相关的山蝾螈(蝾螈科)-黄斑山蝾螈神经科derjugini和凯撒山蝾螈神经科kaiseri -在野外和繁殖设施中的皮肤细菌微生物区系突出了新的保护前景

The International zoo yearbook Pub Date : 2019-06-09 DOI: 10.1111/izy.12230

S. Vaissi, M. Sharifi, A. Hernandez, S. Nikpey, M. Taran

{"title":"Skin bacterial microflora of two closely related mountain newts (Salamandridae) – the Yellow-spotted mountain newt Neurergus derjugini and the Kaiser's mountain newt Neurergus kaiseri – in the wild and in a breeding facility highlight new conservation perspectives","authors":"S. Vaissi, M. Sharifi, A. Hernandez, S. Nikpey, M. Taran","doi":"10.1111/izy.12230","DOIUrl":"10.1111/izy.12230","url":null,"abstract":"Microbiome research is important for the identification of factors that are associated with the ex situ care of amphibians, such as potential contagious and lethal pathogens. Nevertheless, it can be also used to establish whether newts can adapt to exposure to new microbial communities, which would be important for the success of future reintroductions into the natural habitat. There is no available information regarding the skin flora naturally occurring in mountain newts of the genus Neurergus, including the Yellow-spotted mountain newt Neurergus derjugini and the Kaiser's mountain newt Neurergus kaiseri. In this study, skin bacterial microbiota of wild adults and individuals of both species from a captive-breeding facility (CBF) were compared. Four bacteria that naturally occur on the skin of wild adult N. derjugini were identified (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli). Six bacteria were positively detected on the skin of wild adult N. kaiseri [S. aureus, B. subtilis, B. cereus, E. coli, Rhodococcus equi, Klebsiella (Enterobacter) aerogenes]. Our results indicate that the skin microbiota of F1 offspring (≤ 2 months of age) from the CBF did not correspond exactly to the microbial community identified in wild adult N. derjugini. However, ≥ 75% of the bacteria found in older individuals (≥ 1 year of age) living at the CBF over the long term corresponded to those of their wild counterparts. It would appear that post-metamorphic and adults of both species might be better able to resist and adapt to natural microbiota than larvae.","PeriodicalId":92961,"journal":{"name":"The International zoo yearbook","volume":"53 1","pages":"227-237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/izy.12230","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47535327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Shift of paradigm needed towards improving human–elephant coexistence in monoculture landscapes in Sabah 需要转变模式，以改善沙巴州单一文化景观中的人象共存

The International zoo yearbook Pub Date : 2019-05-29 DOI: 10.1111/izy.12226

N. Othman, B. Goossens, C. P. I. Cheah, S. Nathan, R. Bumpus, M. Ancrenaz

{"title":"Shift of paradigm needed towards improving human–elephant coexistence in monoculture landscapes in Sabah","authors":"N. Othman, B. Goossens, C. P. I. Cheah, S. Nathan, R. Bumpus, M. Ancrenaz","doi":"10.1111/izy.12226","DOIUrl":"10.1111/izy.12226","url":null,"abstract":"This article outlines the contemporary situation of the Bornean elephant Elephas maximus borneensis in Sabah (Malaysian Borneo), and focuses on the existing challenges that need to be addressed to enable people and elephants to coexist, particularly in man-made landscapes dominated by oil-palm plantations. Bornean elephants are confined mostly to Sabah, to the north-east 5% of the Borneo Island. Sabah started to expand its commercial plantation sector in the early 1980s and is the largest producer of palm oil in Malaysia, contributing c. 10% of global output for this commodity. The rapid pace of plantation expansion has resulted in the loss of the majority of lowland areas that are also needed by large mammal species to sustain breeding populations. Elephants are extreme lowland/floodplain specialists, and they still attempt to use their former and preferred habitat, which is now mostly dominated by oil-palm plantations. At the time of writing, the land-use planning system favoured by the government insufficiently incorporates the ecological and management needs for elephants across the entire landscape. This article also highlights the need for better collaboration and coordination between stakeholders to address the increasing rate of human–elephant conflicts in Sabah.","PeriodicalId":92961,"journal":{"name":"The International zoo yearbook","volume":"53 1","pages":"161-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/izy.12226","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45739903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment and management of tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in elephants in human care 人类护理中大象肺结核分枝杆菌的诊断、治疗和管理建议

The International zoo yearbook Pub Date : 2019-05-05 DOI: 10.1111/izy.12221

K. A. Backues, E. B. Wiedner

{"title":"Recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment and management of tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in elephants in human care","authors":"K. A. Backues, E. B. Wiedner","doi":"10.1111/izy.12221","DOIUrl":"10.1111/izy.12221","url":null,"abstract":"African elephants Loxodonta africana and Asian elephants Elephas maximus are both susceptible to infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The Asian elephant has lived in close association with humans in Asian range countries for thousands of years and this close partnership is likely responsible for the exposure of the Asian elephant to this human disease. The confirmation by modern veterinary medicine of the existence of Mtb infection in elephants has only occurred recently after a testing programme was initiated in 1996 in elephant-holding facilities in the United States. At the time of writing, Mtb is recognized as a disease primarily of Asian elephants in zoos. However, recent identification of tuberculosis in several free-ranging elephants, both Asian and African, indicates that the disease may be emerging in the threatened wild populations of these species, which may further hinder the survival of wild elephants in some free-ranging populations. Ante-mortem diagnosis of the disease in elephants is improving but remains challenging. Protecting both human and elephant health via prevention of Mtb exposure must be part of a preventative-medicine strategy wherever humans and elephants closely interact. Treatment of Mtb-infected elephants has been accomplished by many facilities with some promising results. However, many challenges remain, including the side effects of drug therapies and poor compliance to medication administration by the elephant. Inconsistent treatment may potentially result in the bacterium developing resistance to the antibiotics. A brief overview of the diagnosis, treatment and management of Mtb in elephants in human care is provided.","PeriodicalId":92961,"journal":{"name":"The International zoo yearbook","volume":"53 1","pages":"116-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/izy.12221","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49295560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Use of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) vaccines for behavioural and reproductive control in managed Asian elephant Elephas maximus and African elephant Loxodonta africana populations 促性腺激素释放激素（Gn-RH）疫苗在管理的亚洲象Elephas maximus和非洲象Loxodonta africana种群中的行为和生殖控制

The International zoo yearbook Pub Date : 2019-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/izy.12220

I. Lueders, A.-K. Oerke, T. Knauf-Witzens, D. Young, H. J. Bertschinger

{"title":"Use of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) vaccines for behavioural and reproductive control in managed Asian elephant Elephas maximus and African elephant Loxodonta africana populations","authors":"I. Lueders, A.-K. Oerke, T. Knauf-Witzens, D. Young, H. J. Bertschinger","doi":"10.1111/izy.12220","DOIUrl":"10.1111/izy.12220","url":null,"abstract":"Because of their size and reproductive anatomy, surgical castration is not a practical option in adult elephants. However, similar to other species in human care, the effects of gonadectomy are desired in specific situations. This may be for contraceptive purposes, or for behavioural or veterinary management of elephants in human care or wild elephants managed in small reserves. Research into non-surgical contraceptive measures for wild and domestic animals has resulted in an array of hormonal and immunological options to downregulate gonadal function. Driven by the production-animal industry, commercial gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) vaccines are readily and cheaply available. This immunocontraceptive is effective in both males and females as it inhibits gonadotrophic hormone release and, thus, downstream stimulation of testicles and ovaries. Here, available studies from the past 10 years on the GnRH vaccine application in male and female elephants are reviewed. Furthermore, we add our own experience gathered from the treatment of male African elephants Loxodonta africana and female Asian elephants Elephas maximus in human care. The GnRH vaccine offers a viable approach for various management purposes. It should be noted that the GnRH vaccine was not primarily designed as a reversible contraceptive. Therefore, its use must be well justified on an individual basis and the effects closely monitored.","PeriodicalId":92961,"journal":{"name":"The International zoo yearbook","volume":"53 1","pages":"138-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/izy.12220","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48240429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

The Big Tuskers of Tsavo: highlighting the importance of the Big Tusker Project in Kenya's Tsavo Conservation Area 察沃的大象牙:强调肯尼亚察沃保护区大象牙项目的重要性

The International zoo yearbook Pub Date : 2019-04-22 DOI: 10.1111/izy.12218

R. Moller, N. Cahill, J. K. Kimaile

{"title":"The Big Tuskers of Tsavo: highlighting the importance of the Big Tusker Project in Kenya's Tsavo Conservation Area","authors":"R. Moller, N. Cahill, J. K. Kimaile","doi":"10.1111/izy.12218","DOIUrl":"10.1111/izy.12218","url":null,"abstract":"Tsavo Trust is an action-orientated, field-based, not-for-profit conservation organization headquartered in Tsavo, Kenya. In association with Kenya Wildlife Service and other partners, Tsavo Trust utilizes a unique strategy to work on direct wildlife-conservation projects. Tsavo Trust also engages with specific local communities in the stewardship of conservancies, in order to encourage participation in conservation activities that benefit the marginalized people who live on the border of the formal Protected Area. Tsavo Trust recognizes the importance of a holistic approach to biodiversity conservation, using a combination of professional wildlife conservation activities, grass-roots community engagement, valued partnerships and committed supporters to create a virtuous circle for the protection of Tsavo. The mission is to conserve the vast wilderness of the Tsavo Conservation Area, which encompasses Kenya's biggest Protected Area, and is home to Kenya's largest elephant population, including several iconic ‘Tuskers’, and numerous high-value species. Tsavo Conservation Area is one of the few truly wild places with significant wildlife left in Africa. This national heritage is under threat and faces multiple challenges, including wildlife crime, climate change and habitat loss. At the time of writing, the Tsavo elephant population contains eight bull ‘Tuskers’ and five iconic cow ‘Tuskers’, as well as c. 26 younger bulls that may emerge as ‘Tuskers’ in the next 5 years. Tsavo Trust's work focuses on four core programmes: ‘Wildlife Conservation Program: Big Tusker Project’, ‘Community Conservancy Program’, ‘Animal Welfare Program’ and ‘Conservation Partnerships’. Through the Big Tusker Project, Tsavo Trust, in partnership with Kenya Wildlife Service, provides extra protection for the last ‘Super Tuskers’ of Tsavo using aerial surveillance and mobile ground-based units.","PeriodicalId":92961,"journal":{"name":"The International zoo yearbook","volume":"53 1","pages":"189-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/izy.12218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47725118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The African elephant Loxodonta spp conservation programmes of North Carolina Zoo: two decades of using emerging technologies to advance in situ conservation efforts 北卡罗来纳动物园的非洲象Loxodonta spp保护计划：20年来利用新兴技术推进原位保护工作

The International zoo yearbook Pub Date : 2019-04-07 DOI: 10.1111/izy.12216

J. W. Wilson, R. A. Bergl, L. J. Minter, M. R. Loomis, C. J. Kendall

{"title":"The African elephant Loxodonta spp conservation programmes of North Carolina Zoo: two decades of using emerging technologies to advance in situ conservation efforts","authors":"J. W. Wilson, R. A. Bergl, L. J. Minter, M. R. Loomis, C. J. Kendall","doi":"10.1111/izy.12216","DOIUrl":"10.1111/izy.12216","url":null,"abstract":"The North Carolina Zoo (Asheboro, NC, USA) has been actively involved with field-based conservation initiatives targeting wild elephants in Africa for over 20 years. To overcome resource and logistical constraints faced by our African collaborators working in rural areas, the Zoo has helped to develop several emerging techniques and technologies. The Zoo's oldest field programme, which is still ongoing, uses novel anaesthesia techniques to fit satellite-tracking collars on elephants in the field to gain a better understanding of their movement patterns in West and Central Africa. In addition, rangers use the real-time tracking data generated from these collars as an early-warning system to redirect roaming elephants back to protected areas before they come into conflict with human activities. The Zoo is also strengthening capacity for anti-poaching activities by digitizing and standardizing patrol data collection. To this end, the Zoo has supported the development and implementation of Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool (SMART) conservation software, a freely available and fully customizable package that allows patrol data to be collected on handheld devices such as smartphones, from where it can be imported into computers for automated analysis and report generation. To date, the Zoo has helped implement SMART at 14 protected areas in five African countries, several of which contain substantial elephant populations. To ensure the effectiveness and sustainable use of these technologies, ongoing training and technical support are provided, and are considered vital components of all our field programmes.","PeriodicalId":92961,"journal":{"name":"The International zoo yearbook","volume":"53 1","pages":"151-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/izy.12216","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41616793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Husbandry and reproduction of the Indochinese box turtle Cuora galbinifrons, Bourret's box turtle Cuora bourreti and Southern Vietnam box turtle Cuora picturata in North America

The International zoo yearbook Pub Date : 2019-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/izy.12214

L. Augustine, N. Haislip

引用次数: 1

New insights into the habitat use and husbandry of crocodile lizards (Reptilia: Shinisauridae) including the conception of new facilities for Vietnamese crocodile lizards Shinisaurus crocodilurus vietnamensis in Vietnam and Germany 鳄鱼蜥蜴(爬行纲:新蜥科)栖息地利用与养殖的新认识，包括越南和德国新鳄鱼蜥蜴设施的构想

The International zoo yearbook Pub Date : 2019-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/izy.12215

T. Ziegler, M. Van Schingen, A. Rauhaus, P. H. Dang, D. T. K. Pham, C. T. Pham, T. Q. Nguyen

{"title":"New insights into the habitat use and husbandry of crocodile lizards (Reptilia: Shinisauridae) including the conception of new facilities for Vietnamese crocodile lizards Shinisaurus crocodilurus vietnamensis in Vietnam and Germany","authors":"T. Ziegler, M. Van Schingen, A. Rauhaus, P. H. Dang, D. T. K. Pham, C. T. Pham, T. Q. Nguyen","doi":"10.1111/izy.12215","DOIUrl":"10.1111/izy.12215","url":null,"abstract":"The Crocodile lizard Shinisaurus crocodilurus is a popular reptile species in the pet trade and has been regularly kept in terrariums by hobbyists since the 1980s. Recent integrative taxonomic research revealed the Chinese representatives to be morphologically, genetically and ecologically distinct from Vietnamese populations, which occur in alarmingly low population sizes. All extant populations are threatened by habitat destruction and poaching for the pet trade. Thus, it will be crucial to manage the Vietnamese and Chinese subspecies separately as different conservation units, both to maintain their genetic integrity and to adjust appropriate husbandry conditions in the frame of ex situ conservation programmes. For this reason, we provide a topical review of microhabitat use of the newly described subspecies from Vietnam – the Vietnamese crocodile lizard Shinisaurus crocodilurus vietnamensis – based on recent field work as well as husbandry experiences at the Me Linh Station for Biodiversity in North Vietnam. We further compare our new findings with the data available for the nominate subspecies from China. Based on our current knowledge, we update existing minimum husbandry requirements in Germany and elaborate different husbandry parameters for both subspecies. Furthermore, we introduce new husbandry protocols and facility designs for the Vietnamese subspecies both at Me Linh Station for Biodiversity and at Cologne Zoo, Germany.","PeriodicalId":92961,"journal":{"name":"The International zoo yearbook","volume":"53 1","pages":"250-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/izy.12215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48273687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Financial planning required to keep elephants in zoos in the United Kingdom in accordance with the Secretary of State's Standards of Modern Zoo Practice for the next 30 years 在未来的30年里，英国动物园需要按照现代动物园实践标准的财务规划来饲养大象

The International zoo yearbook Pub Date : 2019-03-25 DOI: 10.1111/izy.12213

F. Sach, M. Fitzpatrick, N. Masters, D. Field

{"title":"Financial planning required to keep elephants in zoos in the United Kingdom in accordance with the Secretary of State's Standards of Modern Zoo Practice for the next 30 years","authors":"F. Sach, M. Fitzpatrick, N. Masters, D. Field","doi":"10.1111/izy.12213","DOIUrl":"10.1111/izy.12213","url":null,"abstract":"In June 2017, the Secretary of State's Standards of Modern Zoo Practice (SSSMZP) were updated with an appendix relating specifically to elephants (Appendix 8.8: Elephants). This update was published to bring elephant management standards in line with recognized advancing best practice. All zoos in the UK holding elephants are inspected against the new appendix, in accordance with the Zoo Licensing Act 1981, by dedicated Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra)-appointed inspectors. Achieving the standards set out within the new appendix will require financial investment and careful planning from all the zoos holding elephants within the UK. At the time of writing, the annual cost of keeping a breeding group of elephants at ZSL Whipsnade Zoo, UK, was calculated from data collected over the last 10 years and the financial investment required to achieve SSSMZP compliance was estimated. The commercial benefit that elephants bring to ZSL Whipsnade Zoo was also quantified using feedback from visitor surveys. The cost of keeping a breeding herd of elephants at ZSL Whipsnade Zoo was estimated at £593 021–£641 863 per year, excluding indirect staffing costs, ground rent and contributions made by the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) to field-conservation projects. Costs for achieving SSSMZP compliance will be considerably greater with substantial capital investment required. The commercial benefit was found to be extensive; with predicted significant increased visitor dwell time and secondary spend in the presence of elephants. Using ZSL Whipsnade Zoo as an example, this paper aims to consider holistically the financial costs when planning and implementing an optimum, welfare-centred, sustainable future for elephants in zoos.","PeriodicalId":92961,"journal":{"name":"The International zoo yearbook","volume":"53 1","pages":"78-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/izy.12213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42433520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

A first screening of chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium in amphibians in French zoos 法国动物园首次在两栖动物中筛选壶菌Batrachochytrium

The International zoo yearbook Pub Date : 2019-03-25 DOI: 10.1111/izy.12210

O. Marquis, C. Miaud, C. Gibault, N. Chai

引用次数: 3