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Seminars in virology最新文献

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Natural Recombination among Plant Virus Genomes: Evidence from Tobraviruses 植物病毒基因组的自然重组:来自毒瘤病毒的证据
Seminars in virology Pub Date : 1997-02-01 DOI: 10.1006/smvy.1997.0103
Stuart A. MacFarlane
{"title":"Natural Recombination among Plant Virus Genomes: Evidence from Tobraviruses","authors":"Stuart A. MacFarlane","doi":"10.1006/smvy.1997.0103","DOIUrl":"10.1006/smvy.1997.0103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>RNA recombination in plants was first identified by the repair<em>in vivo</em>of a deleted genomic RNA of brome mosaic virus. Subsequently, evidence of recombination has been detected not only in experimental systems but also among an increasing number of naturally occurring isolates of plant viruses. This article discusses the different recombinants that have been found among viruses in the genus<em>Tobravirus</em>and describes other examples of recombination among plant viruses and between the genomes of viruses and their hosts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92955,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in virology","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 25-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1006/smvy.1997.0103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51139719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 38
Viroids: The Noncoding Genomes 类病毒:非编码基因组
Seminars in virology Pub Date : 1997-02-01 DOI: 10.1006/smvy.1997.0107
Ricardo Flores , Francesco Di Serio, Carmen Hernández
{"title":"Viroids: The Noncoding Genomes","authors":"Ricardo Flores ,&nbsp;Francesco Di Serio,&nbsp;Carmen Hernández","doi":"10.1006/smvy.1997.0107","DOIUrl":"10.1006/smvy.1997.0107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Viroids are independently replicating small circular RNAs which apparently do not code for proteins. They code, in a broad sense, for a conformation which is recognized and replicated by the host cell; two viroids also express ribozyme activities which probably mediate self-cleavage of the oligomeric replicative intermediates generated by a rolling circle mechanism. Viroids are classified into subgroups according to their sequence and to the presence and type of some conserved motifs. Viroid infections which induce symptoms, do so as a result of the direct interaction of the viroid itself, or a product of its replication, with a cellular target(s) of unknown nature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92955,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in virology","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 65-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1006/smvy.1997.0107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51139863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 97
Organization and Expression of the Hepatitis Delta Virus Genome 丁型肝炎病毒基因组的组织与表达
Seminars in virology Pub Date : 1997-02-01 DOI: 10.1006/smvy.1997.0106
John M. Taylor
{"title":"Organization and Expression of the Hepatitis Delta Virus Genome","authors":"John M. Taylor","doi":"10.1006/smvy.1997.0106","DOIUrl":"10.1006/smvy.1997.0106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The RNA genome of human hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is an unusual small circular single-stranded species that can fold on itself to form an unbranched rod-like structure. This RNA is replicated in the nucleus by RNA-directed RNA synthesis coupled with RNA processing events. During processing events a subgenomic, polyadenylated RNA that is complementary to the genome and expressed in the cytoplasm as the small form of the delta antigen, a 195-amino-acid protein essential for genome replication is produced. The strategies of RNA virus genome organization and expression are very diverse; those used by HDV seem unique among animal viruses, although there are some distant similarities with those used by some plant pathogens.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92955,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in virology","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 59-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1006/smvy.1997.0106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51139786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
New Punctuation for the Genetic Code: Luteovirus Gene Expression 遗传密码的新标点符号:lutevirus基因表达
Seminars in virology Pub Date : 1997-02-01 DOI: 10.1006/smvy.1997.0101
W.Allen Miller , Chris M. Brown , Shanping Wang
{"title":"New Punctuation for the Genetic Code: Luteovirus Gene Expression","authors":"W.Allen Miller ,&nbsp;Chris M. Brown ,&nbsp;Shanping Wang","doi":"10.1006/smvy.1997.0101","DOIUrl":"10.1006/smvy.1997.0101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The luteovirus genome consists of a single RNA from which genes are expressed via subgenomic mRNAs and a variety of noncanonical translation events. We propose mechanisms of subgenomic RNA synthesis that accommodate the frequent recombination that has occurred at the termini of genomic and subgenomic RNAs. Luteoviral genes are translated by cap-independent translation, leaky scanning, ribosomal frameshifting, and stop-codon readthrough. Using the PAV barley yellow dwarf luteovirus as a model, we find that most of these translation events are controlled by sequences located hundreds to thousands of bases downstream in the viral genome. These signals are unprecedented in nature. A model is proposed in which a 3′ translational enhancer regulates viral RNA translation throughout the infection cycle.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92955,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in virology","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 3-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1006/smvy.1997.0101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51139169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 66
Monopartite Negative Strand RNA Genomes 单极负链RNA基因组
Seminars in virology Pub Date : 1997-02-01 DOI: 10.1006/smvy.1997.0105
Craig R. Pringle , Andrew J. Easton
{"title":"Monopartite Negative Strand RNA Genomes","authors":"Craig R. Pringle ,&nbsp;Andrew J. Easton","doi":"10.1006/smvy.1997.0105","DOIUrl":"10.1006/smvy.1997.0105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Genomes of viruses in the Bornaviridae, Filoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, and Rhabdoviridae are monopartite and negative stranded. They are similar in genome organization and polymerase domain sequences, which suggests a phylogenetic relationship. The four families are now grouped taxonomically as the order Mononegavirales, although the viruses in the individual families have diverse biological properties. The pattern of genome organization suggests evolution by expansion of intergenic regions and by gene duplication, rather than by introduction of genetic information from outside. The strategies for this extension of coding capacity and refining control of gene expression include transcriptional read-through, RNA splicing, RNA editing, ribosomal frame-shifting, use of alternative initiation codons, internal initiation of transcription, overlap of open reading frames, overlap of transcription units and transcription signals, and differential codon usage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92955,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in virology","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 49-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1006/smvy.1997.0105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51139754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 80
Internal Ribosome Entry Sites within the RNA Genomes of Hepatitis C Virus and Other Flaviviruses 丙型肝炎病毒和其他黄病毒RNA基因组内核糖体进入位点
Seminars in virology Pub Date : 1997-01-01 DOI: 10.1006/smvy.1997.0129
Stanley M. Lemon , Masao Honda
{"title":"Internal Ribosome Entry Sites within the RNA Genomes of Hepatitis C Virus and Other Flaviviruses","authors":"Stanley M. Lemon ,&nbsp;Masao Honda","doi":"10.1006/smvy.1997.0129","DOIUrl":"10.1006/smvy.1997.0129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The 5′ nontranslated RNAs of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and several other members of the<em>Flaviviridae</em>contain highly structured segments which form internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs). These<em>cis</em>-active RNA elements direct the cap-independent initiation of translation of the viral polyprotein in association with<em>trans</em>-acting cellular and possibly viral proteins, and thus they play a key role in the replication of the virus. The structure of the HCV IRES does not resemble that of any picornaviral IRES, and its function is uniquely dependent upon RNA sequence extending 3′ of the site of translation initiation as well as structure surrounding the initiator AUG.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92955,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in virology","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 274-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1006/smvy.1997.0129","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51141491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 83
Recombination and Coronavirus Defective Interfering RNAs 重组和冠状病毒缺陷干扰rna
Seminars in virology Pub Date : 1997-01-01 DOI: 10.1006/smvy.1997.0109
David A. Brian , Willy J.M. Spaan
{"title":"Recombination and Coronavirus Defective Interfering RNAs","authors":"David A. Brian ,&nbsp;Willy J.M. Spaan","doi":"10.1006/smvy.1997.0109","DOIUrl":"10.1006/smvy.1997.0109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Naturally occurring defective interfering RNAs have been found in 4 of 14 coronavirus species. They range in size from 2.2 kb to approximately 25 kb, or 80% of the 30-kb parent virus genome. The large DI RNAs do not in all cases appear to require helper virus for intracellular replication and it has been postulated that they may on their own function as agents of disease. Coronavirus DI RNAs appear to arise by internal deletions (through nonhomologous recombination events) on the virus genome or on DI RNAs of larger size by a polymerase strand-switching (copy-choice) mechanism. In addition to their use in the study of virus RNA replication and virus assembly, coronavirus DI RNAs are being used in a major way to study the mechanism of a high-frequency, site-specific RNA recombination event that leads to leader acquisition during virus replication (i.e., the leader fusion event that occurs during synthesis of subgenomic mRNAs, and the leader-switching event that can occur during DI RNA replication), a distinguishing feature of coronaviruses (and arteriviruses). Coronavirus DI RNAs are also being engineered as vehicles for the generation of targeted recombinants of the parent virus genome.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92955,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in virology","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 101-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1006/smvy.1997.0109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37832377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 81
Recombination in Bacteriophage Qβ and Its Satellite RNAs: Thein Vivoandin VitroStudies 噬菌体Qβ及其卫星rna重组的体内和体外研究
Seminars in virology Pub Date : 1997-01-01 DOI: 10.1006/smvy.1997.0113
Alexander B. Chetverin
{"title":"Recombination in Bacteriophage Qβ and Its Satellite RNAs: Thein Vivoandin VitroStudies","authors":"Alexander B. Chetverin","doi":"10.1006/smvy.1997.0113","DOIUrl":"10.1006/smvy.1997.0113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Qβ phage has recently emerged as a unique model for studying RNA recombination both<em>in vivo</em>and in a purified cell-free system. The<em>in vitro</em>experiments have provided the first direct evidence of the ability of RNA to recombine without DNA intermediates and of the existence of a splicing type RNA recombination mechanism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92955,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in virology","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 121-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1006/smvy.1997.0113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51139660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Subgenomic RNAs: The Possible Building Blocks for Modular Recombination ofClosteroviridaeGenomes 亚基因组rna:群集病毒基因组模块化重组的可能构建模块
Seminars in virology Pub Date : 1997-01-01 DOI: 10.1006/smvy.1997.0116
Moshe Bar-Joseph , Guang Yang, Ron Gafny, Munir Mawassi
{"title":"Subgenomic RNAs: The Possible Building Blocks for Modular Recombination ofClosteroviridaeGenomes","authors":"Moshe Bar-Joseph ,&nbsp;Guang Yang,&nbsp;Ron Gafny,&nbsp;Munir Mawassi","doi":"10.1006/smvy.1997.0116","DOIUrl":"10.1006/smvy.1997.0116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The<em>Closteroviridae</em>include several plant viruses of considerable economic importance, with unusually large positive-strand genomes of up to 20 kb. Molecular characterization of several of these viruses has now confirmed their coherent and unique position among the elongated plant RNA viruses. Structural comparisons of their genomes suggested a modular composition. The recent finding of multiple species of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) defective-RNAs, which have apparently resulted from the recombination of a subgenomic (sg)RNA, with distant parts from the 5′ end of the CTV genome, suggests that<em>Closteroviridae</em>are probably able to utilize sgRNAs and/or their promoter signals as factors for the modular exchange and rearrangement of their genomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92955,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in virology","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 113-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1006/smvy.1997.0116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51140292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
Experimental Systems of Genetic Recombination and Defective RNA Formation in RNA Viruses: Part II RNA病毒基因重组和缺陷RNA形成的实验系统:第二部分
Seminars in virology Pub Date : 1997-01-01 DOI: 10.1006/smvy.1997.0110
Jozef J. Bujarski
{"title":"Experimental Systems of Genetic Recombination and Defective RNA Formation in RNA Viruses: Part II","authors":"Jozef J. Bujarski","doi":"10.1006/smvy.1997.0110","DOIUrl":"10.1006/smvy.1997.0110","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92955,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in virology","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 75-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1006/smvy.1997.0110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51139494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
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