International journal of immunology and immunotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Relationship Between Parasitic Infections in Diabetic Patients and the Importance of Raman Spectroscopy in Determining Parasites at Molecular Level","authors":"B. Hamamcı, G. Açıkgöz","doi":"10.11648/J.IJI.20190704.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJI.20190704.12","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder of protein, carbohydrate and fat. Insulin secretion, insulin action, or both cause to diabetes mellitus. According to the World Health Organization, the number of diabetic patients in the world is around 200 million and it is stated that this number will reach 300 million in 2025. Parasitic diseases are widespread all over the world and are a major public health problem, especially in underdeveloped or developing countries. It ranks first among the diseases that should be controlled by the World Health Organization. Among the factors causing parasitic diseases include protozoa, helminths and arthropods. In certain geographical areas where parasitic infections are common, many autoimmune diseases such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), type1diabetes (T1DM), multiple sclerosis (MS), and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are reported to have a lower incidence. The relationship between helminth infections on the onset and development of T1DM, one of the multigenetic diseases affected by environmental factors, is remarkable. It is not clear how helminth infections prevent T1DM development. In diabetic patients, it is known that there is a decrease in immune system functions, especially cellular immunity, and in these patients CD8 and CD16 values for suppressor T cells and NK cells are decreased compared to normal individuals. Therefore, it does not prevent the development of diabetes and can be seen more in patients with diabetes. Raman Spectroscopy (RS) is a vibrational technique due to inelastic scattering that occurs during the interaction of monochromatic laser beams with molecules. It is preferred in biomedical examinations because RS does not damage the sample and can be obtained quickly by non-invasive method. DM and different parasitic diseases can be determined by analyzing the spectra obtained in RS examinations. The obtained Raman spectra of different molecular systems are different and each system has its own fingerprint.","PeriodicalId":92912,"journal":{"name":"International journal of immunology and immunotherapy","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77375598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transfer Factors or Dialyzable leukocyte Extracts as Immunomodulating Peptides: A Conceptual Review on Broad Spectrum of Therapeutic Areas, Immunologic and Clinical Responses, Trends and Perspectives","authors":"T. Dina, Chandrashekar Ks, Wbf Michele, Pan Shing Yi","doi":"10.23937/2378-3672/1410039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3672/1410039","url":null,"abstract":"Immune Modulating Peptides (IMP) discussed in literature as a universal immunocorrectors with wide areas of usage which balance the immune system without causing global immune suppression or overreaction. The present article aim is to review the effect and drawbacks of IMPs in form of Dialyzable leukocyte Extracts (DLE) or Transfer Factors (TF) during and following chemotherapy, radiotherapy, drugs interactions, cancer response and clinical outcomes in different cases of cancers such as metastatic breast cancer, glioma, prostate cancer, osteosarcoma and others. The considered cases of immune overreaction and IMP’s impact include autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and allergic reactions. The most difficult therapeutic decision is to choose the right treatment for patients with cancer and autoimmune diseases as they both attempt to supervise and control the immune system, managing immune cells in opposite sides. As patients with autoimmune disease experience difficulty to stay in such treatment when immune cells stimulated in order to identify and destroy cancer cells the IMP as immunocorrectors become one of the main and only healthy choices. The universal mechanism of IMPs action and the absence of contraindications extend the indications for their use in pediatric practice. This includes the complex treatment of respiratory viral infections, the possibility of using in frequently ill children with clinical signs of immune dysfunction and acute intestinal infections. According to the reports on safety, absence of adverse and side effects along with positive outcome for patients the IMPs considered as valuable immunocorrector.","PeriodicalId":92912,"journal":{"name":"International journal of immunology and immunotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49519611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Proteinase 3 Expression on Membrane of Papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome Neutrophils","authors":"N. Koffi, Dassé Séry Romuald","doi":"10.11648/J.IJI.20190703.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJI.20190703.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Proteinase 3, in its membrane form, is the main target antigen of anti-neutrophil autoantibodies in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (autoimmune disease). This neutrophil serine protease is synthesized as inactive zymogens at the early stage of neutrophil maturation and is activated by cathepsin C, the physiological activator of serine proteases. In neutrophils of Papillon-Lefevre syndrome patients, a genetic form of cathepsin C deficiency, amounts of intracellular proteinase 3 detected are very low or even undetectable. The aim of our study was to evaluate membrane expression of proteinase 3 on cathepsin C-deficient neutrophils by using the Papillon-Lefevre syndrome model in view of a therapeutic approach of granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Methods: We evaluated membrane expression of proteinase 3 on activated neutrophils of Papillon-Lefevre syndrome patients by cytometry. Results: Proteinase 3 was detected at neutrophils surface of Papillon-Lefevre syndrome patients, but significantly less than at healthy neutrophils surface. Conclusion: Pharmacological inhibition of cathepsin C may be an attractive therapeutic approach to eliminate the target autoantigen proteinase 3 of granulomatosis with polyangiitis patients.","PeriodicalId":92912,"journal":{"name":"International journal of immunology and immunotherapy","volume":"19 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82065375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Anti Erythocyte Alloimmunization to Sub-Saharan African Blood Donors","authors":"Sekongo Yassongui Mamadou, Dassé Séry Romuald, Altemeyer Anaïs, S. Amar, Tayou Claude, A. Ludovic, Kassogue Kadidia, Geisen Cristof, H. Anne, Kouamenan Sisonie, Konaté Seidou","doi":"10.11648/J.IJI.20190702.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJI.20190702.12","url":null,"abstract":"A part from any incompatible blood transfusion, anti-erythrocyte alloimmunization is observed to pregnant women. It is the result of the passage of red blood cells carrying antigens different from those of the mother during pregnancy and delivery. The Rhesus D system is the most involved; but there are also other systems involved in this alloimmunization. Non-transfusion alloimmunization is an extremely rare event in the order of 1 of 4000 to women in Europe and in most cases concerns the Rhesus D. In sub-Saharan Africa, there are no statistics collected on foeto-maternal alloimmunization. As part of our postgraduate thesis on the sensitization status of red blood cells to acridine, we used the technique of looking for irregular agglutinins. The goal was to find anti-erythrocyte alloimmunization to blood donors in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted a two-year multicenter prospective and descriptive study of 903 blood donors in Cote d'Ivoire, Benin and Cameroon. The samples were analyzed in the laboratories of the National Blood Transfusion Center of Cote D'Ivoire and Frankfurt according to the technique of the RAI gel card of the BIORAD company after centrifugation and incubation using test red cells treated with S-303. In the case of a positive reaction, identification is made by a panel of red blood cells in the different blood group systems. In our study population, there is a male predominance with a male/female ratio of 7.42. We found a very low prevalence of alloimmunization to non-transfused blood donors (0.9% or 8 cases out of 902). 4 anti-erythrocyte antibodies have been identified (1 Ac anti D and 3 AC anti S); 2 pan-agglutination, 2 unidentified Ac (insufficient serum) and suspicion of anti-glutathione. Anti-erythrocyte alloimmunization to sub-Saharan Africa blood donor is about 0.9% in our series. It remains high compared to European data. This alloimmunization is mainly observed to women with low frequency antigens to black peoples.","PeriodicalId":92912,"journal":{"name":"International journal of immunology and immunotherapy","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78925144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Genetics Mutations in Genes PORCN, TWIST2, HCCS in Goltz Syndrome","authors":"A. Shahin, J. Mahsa","doi":"10.23937/2378-3672/1410038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3672/1410038","url":null,"abstract":"Goltz syndrome (focal skin hypoplasia) is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the skin, skeletal system, eyes and face. People with Goltz syndrome have birth defects. These disorders include very thin skin veins (skin hypoplasia), pink yellow nodules, subcutaneous fat, lack of upper skin layers (aplasia cutis), small clusters of superficial skin vessels (telangiectasia), and veins in dark skin Or bright. Goltz syndrome is caused by mutation genes PORCN, TWIST2, HCCS.","PeriodicalId":92912,"journal":{"name":"International journal of immunology and immunotherapy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46713040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rituximab Modifies Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Immune Responses","authors":"Meir-Djaldetti, Chyia-Leibovitch, Esther-Ganelin-Cohen, Hanna-Bessler","doi":"10.23937/2378-3672/1410037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3672/1410037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92912,"journal":{"name":"International journal of immunology and immunotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46983507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological Status of Bacterial Meningitis Disease Following the Introduction of the Meningococcal A Conjugate Vaccine in the African Meningitis Belt","authors":"A. Fouda","doi":"10.11648/J.IJI.20190701.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJI.20190701.13","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial meningitis disease is a burden in the African meningitis belt. Before 2010, Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A (Neisseria meningitidis A) was the predominant pathogen causing about 90 percent of meningitis epidemics in Africa. The meningococcal A conjugate vaccine (MACV) protecting against Neisseria meningitidis A was introduced since 2010. The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine the magnitude and fatality of meningitis bacterial disease in Africa following the introduction of MACV from 2010 and 2017. An interrupted time series design and nonprobability sampling were used. Secondary data issued of meningitis enhanced surveillance were retrieved from World Health Organization database. The binomial negative regression and Pearson’s Chi-Square tests were used. The study found that after the MACV introduction there was a 39% decline of incidence rate of meningitis suspected cases (IRR 0.61, 95% CI 0.48 – 0.79, p 10%) after the MACV immunization (RR 0.547, 95% CI 0.40 – 0.74). There was a 49% decline of fatal meningitis (IRR 0.51, 95% CI 0.41 – 0.68, p < .001). After 2010, Neisseria meningitidis A declined and S. Pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis W135, Neisseria meningitidis C, Neisseria meningitidis X, and Hib became predominant. Between 2010 and 2017 Neisseria meningitidis all serogroups concerned remained higher the other pathogens 15,885 (62.06%) Vs 25,596. The study showed that following the MACV introduction despite the dramatic reduction of Neisseria meningitidis A, meningococcal meningitis bacterial disease remains a major public health problem.","PeriodicalId":92912,"journal":{"name":"International journal of immunology and immunotherapy","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88909709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"S-Nitrosoglutathione Modulates Expansion of Activated CD4CD25 Cells by Apoptosis under Inflammatory Condition","authors":"S. Dasgupta","doi":"10.23937/2378-3672/1410036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3672/1410036","url":null,"abstract":"The regulation checkpoints of CD4CD25 expansion in presence and absence of transcription factor FOXP3 are critical to maintain balance between inflammatory TH17 and anti-inflammatory FOXP3CD4CD25 Treg cells. We investigated impact of potent inflammatory mediator nitric oxide NO(.) on commitment of normal spleen T cells following activation. The single cell suspension of healthy C57BL/6 mice splenic CD4 cells was stimulated by plate-bound antiCD3/antiCD28 antibodies in presence of cytokine cocktail IL2, IL6, TGFβ and anti-IL4, anti-IFN γ antibodies with and without GSNO for 72h. The results showed that incubation with GSNO reduced number of activated CD4CD25 cells. We found decreased level of CD4FOXP3 than CD4RORγt cells in presence of GSNO. The AnnexinV-propidium iodide staining of CD4CD25 cells followed by flow cytometry suggested presence of GSNO increased apoptosis of CD4+CD25+ but not CD4+CD25-cells.","PeriodicalId":92912,"journal":{"name":"International journal of immunology and immunotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46912762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Essence of Antibody Generation and Autoimmunity","authors":"Charles Edward Ng’Hwaya Masule","doi":"10.11648/J.IJI.20190701.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJI.20190701.11","url":null,"abstract":"Because of the belief that lactic acid plays a role in the generation of antibodies in the muscles in humans, the aim of this study had been to establish the structure and the proper designation for the pair of anantiomers of lactic acid and for the peptide chain for distinct pathways in the generation of beneficial and destructive antibodies and to support the belief by inducing immunity against the scorpion’s poison in humans and mice. I had to designate the structures for the pair of anantiomers of lactic acid and for the protein’s peptide chain by adopting Emil Fischer’s naming convention for glucose in terms of the “D-” and “L-” name prefixes and thereupon develop an approach of uniquely marring the anantiomers in the “D-” to “L-” fashion and vice versa. I had to cause a scorpion’s bite on my right knee and another bite on my 1st toe of the right foot 28 days after the 1st bite. I had injected a plain solution of scorpion’s poison of 2 bite-equivalent units in mice in the first instance and I added D-lactic acid to the replica of the same in the second instance. D-(+)-lactic acid will refer to the lactic acid which is produced in the muscles of humans and other mammals, whereas L-(-)-lactic acid will refer to a mirror image of D-(+)-lactic acid which might be produced by lactic acid bacteria via fermentation and might also be chemically synthesized. The D-(+)-peptide chain found in humans and other mammals has its mirror image, the L-(+)-peptide chain, in pathogens. The effect of the scorpion’s bite on the knee subsided after 24 hours whereas the repeated bite on the 1st toe of the foot 28 days since the first bite went without trouble. The group of mice which received a shot of a plain solution of scorpion’s poison virtually paralyzed thereupon for 24 hours whereas the group which received the replica of the same mixed with D-lactic acid went unaffected during the observation. An antigen and its corresponding neutralizing antibody make a pair of anantiomers linked via a sugar-bridge. D-lactic acid must combine with the antigen’s L-peptide chain for beneficial antibodies whereas L-lactic acid must combine with the innocent D-peptide chain for destructive antibodies in autoimmunity but beneficial against tumors and cancer cells. The pancreas and the tissues of the muscles in humans have local capability to generate antibodies of global effect.","PeriodicalId":92912,"journal":{"name":"International journal of immunology and immunotherapy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90338045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BET Bromodomain Inhibition Suppresses HIF-1α-Mediated IL-17 Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis","authors":"Youjun Xiao, M. Shi, Jingnan Wang, Ruiru Li, Q. Qiu, M. Lao, S. Zeng, Cui-mei Wang, Siqi Xu, Y. Zou, L. Liang, Hanshi Xu","doi":"10.11648/J.IJI.20180604.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJI.20180604.11","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the potential of the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) bromodomain to regulate IL-17 expression in peripheral blood from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: The level of IL-17A, TNFα and IFNγ in PBMCs from patients with RA was evaluated by a cytometric bead array. The IL-17A and IFNγ production in the supernatants of splenocytes and the serum level of IL-17A in mice were detected by ELISA. The intracellular cytokines were measured by flow cytometric analysis. The protein expression was measured using western blot. Results: This study show that the presence of JQ1 decreased the product and mRNA expression of IL-17A, but not IFNγ and TNFα, in anti-CD3/anti-CD28-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from treatment-naive patients with early RA. The percentages of IL-17A-expressing CD4+ T cells were also reduced by JQ1 in stimulated PBMCs. JQ1 also inhibited the expression of the transcription factor retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-γt (RORγt) and T-bet. Furthermore, JQ1 inhibited hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression, but did not affect activity of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). HIF-1α inhibitor reduced percentage of IL-17A- expressing CD4+ T cells. Conclusions: This study indicated that the epigenetic readers BET bromodomain might contribute to regulating HIF-1α-mediated IL-17 expression in RA. BET bromodomain inhibition might be a novel therapeutic approach for RA.","PeriodicalId":92912,"journal":{"name":"International journal of immunology and immunotherapy","volume":"91 1","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80395050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}