Annals of cancer epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of the methodology of skin cancer incidence registration in German cancer registries","authors":"Sunnia Gupta, R. Reintjes, N. Trialonis-Suthakharan","doi":"10.21037/ace.2019.08.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/ace.2019.08.04","url":null,"abstract":"Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world but non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) has been included for the first time in the Global Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence (GLOBOCAN). Germany is one of the countries with high-quality data collected by 16 population-based cancer registries, yet NMSC always faced completion issues because of out-patient based treatment. The purpose of this study is to analyze the methodology of skin cancer incidence registration, assess the quality of data on skin cancer, and suggest improvements. The information was extracted from annual reports of all German cancer registries, the Robert Koch Institute (RKI), the Manual of cancer registration, through a questionnaire sent to all the registries and relevant articles. Comparison of the methodology with that of Nordic countries was done to suggest improvements. Legislative laws for remuneration, changing ICD codes, no multiple tumors counting, all affect skin cancer registration and its reported incidence rate. Use of mortality/incidence (M/I) ratio as an assessment of completeness, national skin cancer screening (SCS) project, the incomplete Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) staging, determine the quality of skin cancer data. This data is definitely more complete for malignant melanoma (MM) as compared to NMSC. Nordic countries have achieved higher completion even for skin cancer data. Reporting basal cell cancer (BCC) in a separate file, recording the tumor stage and site specifications will improve the quality of data. Remuneration laws and rules for multiple tumors need to be reformed and standardized across all the federal states. Upcoming clinical cancer registries would complement the epidemiological registries and help improve the situation in the future in Germany.","PeriodicalId":92868,"journal":{"name":"Annals of cancer epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21037/ace.2019.08.04","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44446595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival trends for primary liver cancer, 1995–2009: analysis of individual data for 578,740 patients from 187 population-based registries in 36 countries (CONCORD-2)","authors":"F. Bannon, V. D. Carlo, R. Harewood, G. Engholm, S. Ferretti, Christopher J. Johnson, J. Aitken, R. Marcos-Gragera, A. Bonaventure, A. Gavin, D. Huws, M. Coleman, C. Allemani","doi":"10.21037/ace.2019.07.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/ace.2019.07.01","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Primary liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer world-wide, and the second most common cause of death from cancer, with an estimated 841,100 new cases and 781,500 deaths each year. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 60–80% of cases, and cholangiocarcinoma 10–40%. We examined global trends in survival for both these sub-types of liver cancer, by country, age, sex and calendar period. Methods: Data on 1,005,032 adults (aged 15–99 years) diagnosed with a primary, invasive malignant neoplasm of the liver or intrahepatic bile ducts between 1995 and 2009 were provided by 243 population-based cancer registries in 60 countries. Analysis was restricted to patients for whom the diagnosis of a primary malignancy had been confirmed by histological or cytological examination, or assignation of a specific morphology code, and to registries from which survival estimates were considered reliable. We estimated both five-year net survival and conditional five-year net survival, for patients who survived to the first anniversary of diagnosis. Funnel plots were used to examine international variation in survival and variation by age and morphology. \u0000 Results: Data on 578,740 patients from 187 registries in 36 countries were included after quality control. For patients diagnosed during 2004–2009, the pooled estimate of age-standardised five-year net survival for liver cancer was 14.8% (range, 4.4–23.7%), higher than for patients diagnosed during 1995–2000 (11.0%). Survival for patients diagnosed with HCC during 2004–2009 (pooled estimate 17.4%, range 7.7–25.5%) was higher than for those with cholangiocarcinoma (8.4%, range 3.7–16.0%). Survival for patients diagnosed during 2004–2009 was higher in Canada, Italy, Japan, Taiwan and Korea (21.2–23.7%) than the pooled estimate for patients diagnosed some 10 years earlier (1995–2000; 11.0%). Conditional survival in 2004–2009 was also higher in New Zealand, Canada, Taiwan, Korea, and China (42.0–52.7%) than the pooled estimate for 1995–2000 (33.2%). \u0000 Conclusions: Survival from primary cancers of the liver has increased, but it remains poor in most countries we have examined. International variation in survival highlights the potential to improve outcomes, but prevention must also remain a priority. There is a need for continued and expanded surveillance of survival, especially in low- and middle-income countries, to assess the impact of interventions in policy and treatment. Greater consistency in registration practice and coding of liver cancer would reduce the variation in data quality and further improve the comparability of survival estimates.","PeriodicalId":92868,"journal":{"name":"Annals of cancer epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46624162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of malignant mediastinal tumours presenting in tertiary care center in India and the problems the oncologists have faced over time","authors":"Rajit Rattan, B. Yadav, R. Kapoor, Pragyat Thakur","doi":"10.21037/ace.2019.08.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/ace.2019.08.0","url":null,"abstract":"Mediastinal neoplasms often present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for treating oncologists. Significant advances in the evaluation and diagnosis of these lesions have occurred in recent times. Multimodality treatment has contributed to improved survival for some malignant mediastinal tumor histology, however the overall prognosis remains dismal. This is a review of all the mediastinal tumors received and treated in our Regional Cancer Centre (RCC). The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate distribution of mediastinal tumours, the factors affecting the treatment intent, and understanding the reasons behind the generally known poor prognosis.","PeriodicalId":92868,"journal":{"name":"Annals of cancer epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49156677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of media effects: implications for media coverage of air pollution and cancer","authors":"Nandita Murukutla, Namrata Kumar, S. Mullin","doi":"10.21037/ACE.2019.07.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/ACE.2019.07.03","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution is responsible for 7 million global deaths annually, including from non-communicable diseases such as cancer. Despite the fact that air pollution-related diseases and deaths are preventable, global action for clean air has been slow. Given the media’s vital role in social and policy change, this paper reviews the existing literature on how the media portrays air pollution and the implications this has on perceived links between air pollution and cancer. Our review finds that the media has created public attention toward air pollution and has been effective in raising risk perceptions, but our review also indicates gaps in media reports, including an under-emphasis on health effects. There is a tendency to report episodic incidents rather than chronic air pollution issues, and also scant discussion on solutions to air pollution. The paper concludes with recommendations on how media can play a more effective role as an interlocutor of complex scientific information, enabling an accurate understanding of air pollution and its impacts on health in general and cancer in particular. The media can also improve its audience's ability to interpret and act on this information.","PeriodicalId":92868,"journal":{"name":"Annals of cancer epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21037/ACE.2019.07.03","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43038950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to prevent most deaths from lung cancer: control cigarette smoking and air pollution","authors":"J. Samet","doi":"10.21037/ACE.2019.07.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/ACE.2019.07.02","url":null,"abstract":"The lung is a remarkable organ exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide across a surface area the size of a tennis court (1). It is also the portal of entry for numerous carcinogens. An adult inhales approximately 10,000 liters of air daily, exposing the airways and alveoli to the contaminants in each breath.","PeriodicalId":92868,"journal":{"name":"Annals of cancer epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46947420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambient air pollution and lung cancer in China: need for large-scale cohort studies","authors":"Shengfeng Wang, R. Zheng, Ru Chen, Wenqiang Wei, Wanqing Chen","doi":"10.21037/ACE.2019.06.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/ACE.2019.06.01","url":null,"abstract":"The lung cancer burden in China is substantial, with more than 0.79 million newly diagnosed cases and about 0.631 million deaths occurring in 2015. The incidence and mortality for lung cancer are relatively stable, however, the number of cancer deaths substantially increased because of the aging and growth of the population. Chinese government has implemented a series of mitigation actions to improving the air environment and protecting human health since 2012, however, the aforementioned facts highlight the importance and challenge of continued efforts. More importantly, in light of the limited cohorts for air pollutants’ health effect, large-scale cohort studies with high quality are urgently needed to generate local evidence for developing countries with higher ambient exposures. In addition, an overwhelming need also exists to prioritize and integrate primary prevention and early detection measures into existing healthcare plans to reduce the occurrence of cancer.","PeriodicalId":92868,"journal":{"name":"Annals of cancer epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21037/ACE.2019.06.01","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46615483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical biomarkers of exposure and early damage from potentially carcinogenic airborne pollutants","authors":"K. Luo, I. Stepanov, S. Hecht","doi":"10.21037/ace.2019.08.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/ace.2019.08.01","url":null,"abstract":"Epidemiology and laboratory studies support the conclusion that air pollution is carcinogenic to humans. Chemically specific biomarkers are useful for determining human exposure to, and metabolism of, potentially toxic and carcinogenic components of air pollution, and distinguishing exposures due to air pollution from those resulting from tobacco smoke. Representative chemically specific biomarkers, quantified by mass spectrometry and related techniques, are discussed. The biomarkers are related to exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile toxicants and carcinogens, oxidants, DNA damaging compounds, and metals found in polluted air. Quantifiable chemically specific biomarkers potentially useful in studies of air pollution carcinogenesis include urinary 1-hydroxypyrene, metabolites of benzo[ a ]pyrene, phenanthrene, benzene, 1,3-butadiene, acrolein, and crotonaldehyde, as well as products of oxidative damage such as urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, malondialdehyde, and F 2 -isoprostanes, certain DNA adducts, and metals. Tobacco-specific metabolites such as cotinine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol can be used to distinguish tobacco-related exposures from those resulting from air pollution. The following validated chemically specific biomarkers are currently the optimal ones for use in studies of air pollution and cancer: urinary 1-hydroxypyrene, phenanthrene metabolites, S-phenyl mercapturic acid, urinary or blood Cd, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and F 2 -isoprostanes such as 8- iso -PGF 2α . This suite of biomarkers will reliably establish exposure to carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene and Cd, and will also provide critical information on oxidative damage and inflammation, both of which are important in carcinogenesis.","PeriodicalId":92868,"journal":{"name":"Annals of cancer epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21037/ace.2019.08.01","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44148570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer burden and control in China","authors":"M. Cao, Wanqing Chen","doi":"10.21037/ace.2019.08.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/ace.2019.08.02","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is one of the major health issues in China, with approximately 3,929,000 new cases and 2,338,000 deaths in 2015. Due to ageing and extended life expectancy, the cancer burden will continue to increase. Variation of geographical distribution and transition of cancer spectrum are the main characteristics of cancer in China, which, to some extent, increase the difficulty of cancer prevention and control. Since 2012, a series of measures have been taken to reduce cancer burden, such as Healthy China 2030 strategy and The Mid-term and Long-term Plan for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases in China (2017–25). And the China Government has shifted its focus to massive screening programs in recent years. Nevertheless, some key questions are still existed. Future screening blueprint should also take into account how to improve screening scheme and construct an effective assessment methodology which is suitable to current national condition. Meanwhile, primary prevention and tertiary prevention also play a vital role in cancer prevention and control which can’t be ignored.","PeriodicalId":92868,"journal":{"name":"Annals of cancer epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21037/ace.2019.08.02","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43270967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diesel engine emissions and lung cancer: insights from research design to policy","authors":"R. Xu, Gongbo Chen, Yuming Guo, Shanshan Li","doi":"10.21037/ACE.2018.12.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/ACE.2018.12.01","url":null,"abstract":"Diesel engines are widely used by transportation and equipment in many industry sectors, including mining, construction, and electricity generators. Composition of diesel engine emission (DEE) is very complex and includes carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, carbon components, ash, sulfate, and metals. During the past decades, numerous studies provided evidence for adverse health effects of exposure to DEE (1,2). In particular, the issue of long-term exposure to DEE and lung health has attracted extensive attention worldwide.","PeriodicalId":92868,"journal":{"name":"Annals of cancer epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21037/ACE.2018.12.01","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47489926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer burden and control in Australia: lessons learnt and challenges remaining","authors":"Elvin S. Cheng, M. Weber, E. Feletto, Megan A. Smith, X. Yu","doi":"10.21037/ACE.2018.08.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/ACE.2018.08.03","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer has been a major burden of disease for many decades globally. In Australia, cancer was the leading cause of disease burden in 2011. Despite having successfully implemented a number of cancer control initiatives, Australia continues to have a very high cancer burden. This review article sourced data primarily from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare and presents an overview of the current cancer burden in Australia with measures of incidence, mortality and survival for all cancers combined, and the disparities in cancer burden by socio-economic disadvantage, geographic remoteness, Indigenous status and country of birth. Comparisons are made between the current situation and that of two to four decades ago, and among different population sub-groups. The data for six selected major cancer types show that in the last three and a half decades (between 1982 and 2017), the age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) increased for prostate cancer, breast cancer and melanoma of the skin, but decreased for lung cancer and cervical cancer, whereas for colorectal cancer (CRC), it increased and then decreased for males and marginally decreased for females. During the same period, the age-standardised mortality rate was relatively constant for melanoma of the skin and declined for the other five cancers discussed. While there are distinctive factors leading to Australia’s successes in cancer control, some of the reasons for shortfalls are country specific with issues around the health inequities for Indigenous Australians and difficulties in access to health-care due to geographic remoteness. Amongst various shortfalls, the issue of health disparities among different population sub-groups remains a challenge.","PeriodicalId":92868,"journal":{"name":"Annals of cancer epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47407773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}