Journal of addiction research (OPAST Group)最新文献

{"title":"Hypermnesia of Euphoria or Any Other Desired, from the Point of View of the\u0000Consumer, Psychotropic Effect as the Initial and leading link in the Occurrence\u0000and Maintaining the Body’s Dependence on Psychoactive Factors","authors":"Baitubayev Ducengali, Baitubayeva Madinah, DG Baitubaev, Baitubaeva","doi":"10.33140/jar/02/02/00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jar/02/02/00001","url":null,"abstract":"The work shows the role of the autonomic nervous system in functioning of long-term memory, the identity of\u0000functioning of the mechanisms of long-term memory in the evolutionary adaptation of a man and dependence on\u0000psychoactive substances. It is shown that the dependences of the body on psychoactive substances are the states of\u0000progredient adaptation, that the states of dependence of the organism on psychoactive substances and on psychogenic\u0000psychoactive factors are the states of the same type. Classification of psychoactive factors is given. It is proposed\u0000to create a new branch of medicine combining study of the body’s dependence both on chemical and psychogenic\u0000psychoactive factors. Onomastic definitions to be used in this new branch of medicine are presented.","PeriodicalId":92800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addiction research (OPAST Group)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47988629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Friends’ Company Affected My Life: A Case Study","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jar/02/01/00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jar/02/01/00002","url":null,"abstract":"Drug addiction leads to lack of control over behavior and compulsion of behavior in taking drugs despite of adverse consequences. The withdrawal symptoms of drug addiction disorder can be managed by medication and various psychological strategies such as Psycho-education, deep breathing, Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), Positive coping statement, Distraction techniques, motivation enhancement therapy, assertive training, Costbenefit analysis, Relapse prevention, Anger management and12 step program.","PeriodicalId":92800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addiction research (OPAST Group)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46154920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Truth is Usually Somewhere in the Middle: Introduction to the Debate on Medical Marijuana","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jar.02.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jar.02.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"As the national and global opioid epidemic worsens, as more of our children are found dead from heroin and/or opioid overdose, both an angry public and some branches of government turn an eye of accusation on Big Pharma, demanding restitution and money to offset the raising costs of combating this epidemic. President Trump has even voiced “Death to drug dealers!” Does this climate intensify emotional response during the medical marijuana debate? Let us open our minds to science, our hearts to compassion.","PeriodicalId":92800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addiction research (OPAST Group)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42324787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Validity of the Alcohol-Use-Disorder-Identification-Test and a Novel Proxy Test in the Assessment of Alcohol Consumption in the Cognitively Impaired Elderly","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jar.02.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jar.02.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Alcohol is consumed excessively by almost a quarter of the population. A report by highlighted underdiagnosis of alcohol misuse in the elderly [1]. There is a lack of research focusing on assessment of alcohol use and its impact in older people. This study aimed to assess the validity of the Alcohol-Use-Disorder-Identification-Test (AUDIT) in an elderly population with cognitive impairment and to establish the validity of a novel adaption of the AUDIT used as a proxy measure. Methods: Opportunistic observational study examining the assessment of alcohol consumption in an elderly population with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia. The study aimed to evaluate the self-report AUDIT versus a “proxy” AUDIT compared to a plasma Carbohydrate-deficientTransferrin (CDT) level. Findings: Scores were comparable between the “proxy” AUDIT and the AUDIT. Neither measure of alcohol intake correlated significantly with CDT levels. There was no association between alcohol intake and cognition or quality of life ratings. Conclusions: We suggest the AUDIT could be a useful screening tool in detecting alcohol misuse in the elderly with cognitive impairment. The “proxy” AUDIT was also found to be a valid screening tool, however further work is needed to confirm these findings.","PeriodicalId":92800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addiction research (OPAST Group)","volume":"335 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41273380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of implementing clinical design support system while using electronic prescriptions","authors":"Meshari M. Alrayees","doi":"10.4172/2169-0138-C1-022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0138-C1-022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addiction research (OPAST Group)","volume":"30 8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70878239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Locus of Control and College Students’ Use of Alcohol, Cigarettes and Drugs","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jar/02/01/00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jar/02/01/00001","url":null,"abstract":"Past studies have shown that an external locus of control (LOC) is associated with health-threatening behaviors, such as the use of alcohol, cigarettes and drugs, Results of research on the relationship between perceived control and substance use in high school and college students have been mixed and inconclusive. 32 male and 98 females undergraduates, ages 17-25, who volunteered (with informed consent) to take part in the study were given the Dimension (Physical, Psychological, Social, Moral) X Outcome LOC Inventory and a questionnaire assessing use of alcohol, cigarettes, drugs and demographic information. Results indicated that 84% of the participants reported use of alcohol, 22% cigarettes and 17% drugs. No differential effects were found for cigarette or drug use. There were significant positive relationships between alcohol use and Physical and Psychological LOC, especially for males. Heavier alcohol use was associated with a more external LOC. There were no significant differential effects for participants over the legal age limit. (>21) For “underage” participants, there was a significant positive relationship between alcohol use and Psychological LOC. Demographically, a higher Economic level was associated with heavier alcohol use for males, females and underage participants. For participants >21, a strong religious belief was associated with less use of alcohol. Past inconsistent findings can be attributed to differences in substance in question, gender, demographics (age, economic level and strength of religious belief) and the measure and dimension of perceived control.","PeriodicalId":92800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addiction research (OPAST Group)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41869847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescent Anxiety","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jar.02.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jar.02.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"The word Anxiety is emotional response which is caused by the aggregation of tension, worry, distress which leads to the alteration in thoughts and physiology in the person. Anxiety can be associated with any change in environment and daily living patterns. Anxiety is a normal response to any undue situation .The nature of anxiety changes from situation to situation, sometimes anxiety can occur in response to natural happenings and sometimes to man-made situations, all these responses produce a nervous feeling in the individual. But if the severity of anxiety increases and goes uncontrolled then anxiety becomes a disease.","PeriodicalId":92800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addiction research (OPAST Group)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48933709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral Patterns of Psychiatric Patients Using Synthetic Cannabinoids","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jar/01/01/00003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jar/01/01/00003","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic cannabinoids (SC) are analogs of natural cannabinoids that are chemically synthesized. These compounds are used frequently in the community as illicit substances. Literature review indicates that its use is increasing due to its easy accessibility despite it being placed under Schedule I of the Synthetic Drug Abuse Prevention Act of 2012. SC is readily found in most inner urban communities across the United States and its abuse is increasing at a high rate. Studies suggest that SC can result in medical and psychiatric manifestations including: vomiting, tachycardia, seizures, auditory hallucinations, aggressive behavior and an increase in impulsivity. The increase in prevalence compounded with the potentially devastating psychiatric sequelae raise concerns for mental health practitioners. While some literature exists that reviews the psychiatric manifestations of patients who use SC, there are no studies that review the presentation of patients of patients behavior’s while intoxicated At this time SC drug screening is not readily available in most hospital centers and intoxication with SC is primarily based on a clinical evaluation, patient’s self-report or collateral information. We conducted a retrospective case control study of patients who were admitted to the inpatient psychiatric service for a period of 7 months from who reported smoking SC. This paper will attempt to explore specific clinical risk factors of patients that use SC and the aggressive behavior of these patients while hospitalized as well as whether this increases duration of hospitalization and management on the unit In addition, we aim to bring to light the need for future investigations to better understand how to manage this difficult patient population. Introduction Synthetic cannabis is a designer drug in which herbs or other leafy materials are sprayed with lab-synthesized liquid chemicals to mimic the effect of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive ingredient in the naturally grown marijuana plant (cannabis sativa). It acts as an agonist at cannabinoid receptors located throughout the brain therefore impacting mood, appetite, pain and immunity. Currently, there are over 700 researched cannabinoid (CB) receptors identified with CB1 and CB2 resulting in psychoactive effects [1]. The CB1 receptor is predominantly expressed presynaptically, modulating the release of neurotransmitters including GABA, dopamine, noradrenaline, glutamate and serotonin [1]. While SC use has been known to cause hallucinations and psychosis, the manner in which SC affects the release of these neurotransmitters is not fully understood and may entail abnormal dopaminergic transmission, serotonergic transmission and N-methyl-D-aspartate blockade, similarly to the drugs phencyclidine and Ketamine. Like THC, the psychoactive ingredient in marijuana, SC binds to CB1 receptors located throughout many brain regions including the hypothalamus, the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum. When S","PeriodicalId":92800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addiction research (OPAST Group)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48177694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solution Focused Counseling with a Substance Abusing Client","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jar/01/01/00007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jar/01/01/00007","url":null,"abstract":"Substance abuse counseling is typically offered from a cognitive-behavioral or 12-step based approach. Solutionfocused theory can offer counselors with an alternative perspective for working with clients with drug abuse issues. In this article, a case report is presented in which the author utilized a solution-focused approach with a client experiencing co-occurring anxiety and severe alcohol use. Solution-focused theory is briefly described and techniques for use with the model are detailed. The effective use of exception and coping questions are described in the case report and outcomes of these interventions are presented. The article concludes with a discussion on the need for further research and suggests specific areas for additional investigation.","PeriodicalId":92800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addiction research (OPAST Group)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45456461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substance Use Trends in an Adolescent Inpatient Unit in the South Bronx","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jar/01/01/00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jar/01/01/00002","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Adolescent’s substance use can result in addiction in adulthood, concurrent mental illness, selfdestructive behaviors, multiple hospitalizations, and sudden death. The aim of our study was to analyze the substance use trends in an adolescent inpatient unit, and to understand the predisposing and perpetuating factors associated with use of illicit substances in adolescents in the South Bronx. Methods: This is an IRB (Institutional Review Board) approved retrospective chart review study of adolescents aged 12-18 years admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit in a community hospital in the South Bronx in the years of 2011 and 2015. The sample size (300) was randomly selected to compare 150 subjects from each year. Results: No statistically significant difference was found in the prevalence of illicit substance use in adolescents admitted to inpatient unit in the years of 2011 and 2015. However, there was a positive correlation between urine toxicology results and age. Additionally, the urine toxicology results were correlated positively with the longer length of stay, but not with gender, seclusion/restraint incidence, suicide risk, and 30-day readmission. Conclusion: This study results are in-line with the existing literature which elucidate decreasing prevalence trends of substance use, particularly in adolescents over the decade.","PeriodicalId":92800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addiction research (OPAST Group)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44272912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}