Ergonomics international journal最新文献

{"title":"Post-Trans Human Techno Science as Help or Threat: An Overview with Emphasis on a Current Nanotechnology Application","authors":"P. Di Sia","doi":"10.23880/eoij-16000293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/eoij-16000293","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The paper focuses on the progressive growth of a particular direction of science which, in the name of an alleged human and social progress, is imposing itself in a disputable way, progressively stifling people’s freedom of choice. Never as in this time, technoscience has been trying to impose its highly questionable rules, to the detriment of human freedom and health. True science is currently often confused with a sort of scientism. The scientific medicine fights against unofficial medicines and is enjoying a credit comparable to a religion. Methods: The paper analyzes the role of technoscience in the post-transhuman framework, with particular attention to nanotechnologies and to the unfortunate consequences emerging from its recent application in the field of gene sera in relation to Covid-19 pandemic. Results: Technoscience and nanotechnological applications, closely related to it, can become dangerous tools for the future of humanity if their use is not properly controlled through truly scientific methods. An illuminating example of this is the use of experimental drugs, improperly called vaccines, from the past year throughout the world. Conclusion: We cannot speak of true science and technoscience at the service of the individual if freedom and human dignity are not respected or overshadowed through social impositions without real scientific basis. Scientific discoveries and technological inventions are acceptable if they respect human dignity and aim at the common good and not at the advantage of an elite.","PeriodicalId":92777,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics international journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68919563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Percentage Change in Reaction Time Can Predict Respiratory Quotient during Light Weight Schoolbag Carriage","authors":"Devashish Sen","doi":"10.23880/eoij-16000287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/eoij-16000287","url":null,"abstract":"While structured physical activity improves cardio-pulmonary parameters and Reaction Time (RT), heavy weight schoolbag carriage is detrimental. Schoolbag carriage may have either consequence. The purpose of this study is to explore the consequences of heavy and light weighing schoolbags on cardio-pulmonary parameters and RT. Healthy male participants (10-15 years) carrying schoolbags- 0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, 16% load of bodyweight walked (20-minutes) for 5 times each. For each of the 30 participants, during walks, COSMED k4b2 measured heart rate (HR), respiratory quotient (R), total energy expenditure (EEtot) and number of steps taken. Ruler-drop-test marked RT before and after each walk. RT improved after walking with schoolbags weighing 0%, 4% of bodyweight. RT didn’t improve for 8%, 12% carriage, worsened for 16% load carriage. HR and EEtot showed proportionality (r=0.24, p<0.05), R correlated positively to percentage change in RT (r=0.24, p<0.05) and inversely to number of steps taken (r=-0.40, p<0.01). Percentage change in RT could significantly predict R (R=1.223+0.028(Percentage RT change)). Respiratory quotient can predict whether or not reaction time worsens for 20-minutes schoolbag carriage as per Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve (Area Under Curve (AUC)=0.668, 95% confidence interval: 0.558-0.779, p<0.01). Carrying light-weight schoolbags (4% of bodyweight) for 20-minutes is beneficial, but heavy-backpack carriage effectuates adverse cardio-pulmonary response and higher RT.","PeriodicalId":92777,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics international journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68919846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Lower Limb Muscle Fatigue on Running Tempo- Spatial Parameters and Joint Excursion in Individuals with Pes Planus","authors":"Mohammad Reza Jahani","doi":"10.23880/eoij-16000292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/eoij-16000292","url":null,"abstract":"Context: The relation between running kinematics parameters and lower limb muscle fatigue in association with low longitudinal arch (LLA) is not well understood. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of fatigue on running kinematics in Subjects who had a low longitudinal arch. Design: Quasi- Experimental study. Setting: Clinical Biomechanics Laboratory. Participants: forty four subjects were equally divided into two groups, a healthy one and a group with LLA. Main Outcome Measures: The kinematics parameter of running includes tempo-spatial parameters and joint angles, which were calculated by Vicon Nexus 1.8.5 software. A two-way repeated measure ANOVA (group x fatigue) was used to compare the data between the two groups. Results: In the unfatigued conditions, running speed, ankle plantar flexion/ dorsiflexion, and ankle external rotation, knee flexion and hip flexion/extension in the low arch subjects are significantly different than those in the healthy subjects (P<0.05). Induced fatigue increased Step time (p=0.014) and Subtalar inversion (p=0.034); too decreased Step length (p=0.027) in LLA. The observed Induced fatigue decreased running speed and ankle plantar flexion, and increased Knee flexion, Knee abduction, Knee Internal rotation, Knee external rotation, Hip flexion, Hip adduction, hip Internal rotation and hip external rotation in both groups (p≤0.05). A significant interaction between group and time was found for Step time, ankle plantar flexion, hip extension and hip adduction (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Patients suffering from low arches will respond differently to lower extremity fatigue. Individuals with flat feet arches appear to be more prone to the risk of injury to the lower extremities at exhausting activities.","PeriodicalId":92777,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics international journal","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68919971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception of Pandemic in Italy at Early 2022: An Analysis using Traditional and Social Media","authors":"P. Sia","doi":"10.23880/eoij-16000299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/eoij-16000299","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: More than two years after the beginning of the global pandemic period, most governments have adopted questionable strategies, aimed at the progressive reduction of people freedom and pushing in non-transparent way on the forced use of genic drugs, improperly called vaccines. The purpose of this work concerns the different way in which news relating to pandemic reached italian people by traditional media (main TV channels and main national newspapers) and by social media, in particular Telegram. Methods: The paper considers the situation perceived in Italy up to the first months of 2022 by analyzing the news appearing on mainstream TV channels and how they are described by national newspapers, as opposed to what can be deduced from some social media platforms who are still enough free from a clear process of censorship. Results: The analysis underlines that there is a macroscopic discrepancy between traditional and social media; the official narration of the traditional media is not only questionable, but does not give rise to the possibility of a free discussion on the hottest issues of this pandemic. Only Telegram appears to be the most censorship free channel among the studied traditional/ social media in this paper. Conclusion: The attention placed on the official narrative of Covid-19, on the use of the methodology still in force in Italy for fighting the pandemic, on the strong non-sanitary limitation of individual freedom and on a possible underlying plan about what is globally happening, leads to the conclusion that in Italy there is an attempt to give an ambiguous, equivocal and inconsistent version of the facts, contradicted by experimental data and scientific papers appearing more and more numerous in qualified international journals.","PeriodicalId":92777,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics international journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68920187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Concept of \"Place\" in Urban Studies","authors":"Agus Dharma Tohjiwa","doi":"10.23880/eoij-16000291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/eoij-16000291","url":null,"abstract":"In the domain of organizational ergonomics, the discussion of ergonomics focuses on sociotechnical systems that are strongly influenced by the environment. This paper is a review of the development of “place” theories in urban studies which can later be implemented in organizational ergonomics. Humans live in a city which is a collective urban artifact of a long historical process. Urban space will form a place which is an intrinsic part of the interaction between residents and the city area. Through a meaning, individuals or communities change space into a place. Thus, place is the center of meaning formed by life experiences. The place factor is undeniably the main support for the formation of urban identity. In urban studies, the concept of place can be seen in terms of \"rootedness\" and a sense of “consciousness” that arises from associations with the urban socio-physical environment. From there emerged the concept of place attachment which explains the symbolic relationship formed by a person who culturally provides an understanding of emotional attachment to his urban environment. Through understanding the concept of \"place\" it is hoped that we can achieve an ergonomic design that focuses more on human characteristics and uniqueness.","PeriodicalId":92777,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics international journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68919925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Smell-Technology Initiatives: Can Smell Improve Road Safety?","authors":"Said M Easa","doi":"10.23880/eoij-16000295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/eoij-16000295","url":null,"abstract":"Online communication until now has involved only two of our senses: sight and hearing. However, research is emerging to communicate smell in numerous human-based applications. This paper reviews several general applications of smell, discusses the status of implementing smell to improve road safety, and presents other vital considerations. The general applications include smelling screens, mobile notifications, virtual reality, highway landscaping, outdoor environments, video games, and presentation technology. The road safety implementation addresses driver performance, smell effects on driver performance (cognitive and psychological), and two emerging in-vehicle smell systems (empathetic-car system and CO2 filtration system). Based on this review, can smell be used to improve road safety? The answer is Yes and No since some smell scents positively affect drivers, while others adversely affect them. Other considerations include digital smell technology (DST), driving simulator studies, and online resources. In particular, with the DST, it is possible to sense, transmit, and receive smell through the internet.","PeriodicalId":92777,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics international journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68920022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Measurement and Evaluation of Public-Private Partnerships: A Systematic Literature Review","authors":"Nuno Jpr","doi":"10.23880/eoij-16000294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/eoij-16000294","url":null,"abstract":"The theme regarding the procurement models implementation, under a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) regime has been widely discussed in the last decade, with a general lack of consensus regarding the forms of measuring and evaluating the outcome performance during their life cycle. The main objective of this paper is to contribute to a greater understanding, regarding the PPP forms of performance measurement and evaluation, answering the research question: How to measure and evaluate performance in PPP model? Simultaneously, by identifying both empirical studies, which enable performance measurement as well as theoretical papers, which point new paths for a correct evaluation of this type of procurement model (contracting). To answer the research question and achieve the proposed objectives, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was performed, having as data a set of 64 articles, published in specialized journals, available on the electronic platform “Web of Science”. The results allowed classifying the PPP models measurement and evaluation of the performance in three main clusters: • Evaluation Systems and Frameworks • Performance Measurement (KPIs) and • Conceptual - Theoretical Analysis Through this alignment, it becomes evident that there is no agreement among academics and researchers as to the most effective way to measure and evaluate the PPP model performance. This disagreement results from the application of different evaluation methods to PPP projects with different characteristics and the distinctive nature/objectives of the procurement projects, which leads to the uncertainty regarding the transversal applicability of evaluation models to all PPP projects. Finally, we propose as future investigation, the elaboration of a matrix, disaggregating the PPP model in its various typologies and by contracting scope, applying, for each case, the various models and frameworks proposed in the literature. This matrix could validate whether it will, in fact, be possible to associate a given measurement and evaluation model to a specific PPP typology vs. scope, in a consistent and transversal way. It is also proposed to apply efforts towards a conclusion regarding the VfM (Value for Money) indicator and its relation to the PPP outcome performance. Finally, it is proposed to accommodate conceptual studies to reach a contractual framework, which might mitigate the negative effects of the written contracts and enhance the positive impacts.","PeriodicalId":92777,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics international journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68920319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Studies on the Body Postures and Technical Design of Small Angle Grinders","authors":"K. Landau","doi":"10.23880/eoij-16000284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/eoij-16000284","url":null,"abstract":"Our case studies refer to small angle grinders. Work tasks, physical stresses during use, and stresses on the hand-arm system are discussed. For this purpose, a survey was administered to 42 work persons from four different industries. Angle grinders were the most important hand tools for the respondents. They used angle grinders for eight activities (from flexing to polishing). In addition, 17 detailed video analyses of the work processes with 5 different angle grinder makes were carried out in selected workshops. The survey results on working postures in the last week as well as within the last year indicated mainly bent and twisted trunk postures, squatting and kneeling at work. To that extent, these results correspond with the OWAS studies by Ellegast R, et al. The video studies pointed out the very frequent twisted or bent hand-arm postures. The (ergonomically recommended) alignment of tool axis and hand-arm axis is not possible when using angle grinders. Nevertheless, the vast majority of our test subjects are satisfied with the dimensions and characteristics of small angle grinders. The analysis results are transferred into a list of ergonomic requirements for product designers.","PeriodicalId":92777,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics international journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68919766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Work Analysis of Manual Material Handling With Digital Human Modeling","authors":"Pande Ketut Sudiarta","doi":"10.23880/eoij-16000285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/eoij-16000285","url":null,"abstract":"The activity of loading and unloading rice in Indonesia is still carried out using human power. Porters transport rice manually from truck to warehouse or the otherwise. Manual material handling work (MMH) will pose a risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The application of the work analysis method generates an analysis per one body position only. There is a need for a model that can perform a work analysis quickly for any change in body movement if it is carried out in dynamic work, for instances on rice porters. In this research, Digital Human Modeling Tecnomatix Jack is used in the Task Simulation Builder menu to simulate dynamic work and generate analysis. The dynamic work carried out is to compare the risk of transporting rice weighing 10 kg and 25 kg. The results obtained are Ergonomic Report, Static Strength Prediction (SSP), Low Back Compression Analysis (LBA), Fatigue, Cumulative Loading and Metabolic Energy Expenditure (MEE). The simulator also provides the SSV file extension as in SSP. If needed, this result can be entered in a formula according to work analysis method such as RULA or REBA so that every change in movement obtained results related to the risk that may occur.","PeriodicalId":92777,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics international journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68919819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emphasizing on the Neglected Parts of Risk Management Process in Occupational Health and Safety Management, Using the European Statistics for Accidents at Work Codification, Communication – Human Information Processing Model and Management Standards","authors":"Targoutzidis A","doi":"10.23880/eoij-16000297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/eoij-16000297","url":null,"abstract":"Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) management has been one of the first areas of implementation of Risk Management process. However, due to the extended application of OHS management in all organization and the requirements for compliance with relevant legislation, focus for standardization was set mostly on the technical aspects (risk identification and risk evaluation), whereas other aspects (risk treatment, risk communication, monitoring and reporting) were left to be treated ad hoc, intuitively or following regulated requirements. According to the Risk Management process, as described by the standard ISO 31000:2018, these aspects are equally important for effective management of risks. This paper aims to present the whole Risk Management process for OHS risks, emphasizing on these neglected aspects and presenting documented tools to effectively incorporate them in the structured application of OHS management. The importance of defining the scope, context and criteria of OHS management, as well as the selection of certain risk treatment strategy for each risk is emphasized. Use of ESAW (European Statistics for Accidents at Work) taxonomy for risk identification is proposed, an evaluation scheme for measures is presented, the C-HIP model is proposed to be integrated for communication, recording registry information is discussed and ISO 45001:2018 PDCA structure is proposed for continuous monitoring and review.","PeriodicalId":92777,"journal":{"name":"Ergonomics international journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68920140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}