Annals of lung cancer最新文献

{"title":"Pembrolizumab in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Role of Restricted Mean Survival Time in Estimating The Long-Term Survival Benefit","authors":"Messori Andrea, C. Marco, Mengato Daniele","doi":"10.36959/825/585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/825/585","url":null,"abstract":"In comparison with the median, the restricted mean survival time (RMST) has a specific advantage because it examines the whole survival curve (like the hazard ratio) and expresses the survival outcomes using time as unit of measurement (like medians). More importantly, the RMST captures the presence of a long-term survival plateau indicating a better prognosis. Previous experiences on the application of RMST are mostly focused on oncology [1] but other fields are being investigated as well [2]. An original model-independent method of calculation, drawn from the field of pharmacokinetics, has markedly simplified the otherwise complex estimation of RMST [3,4].","PeriodicalId":92751,"journal":{"name":"Annals of lung cancer","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48333383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endobronchial Sarcoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature","authors":"M. Anu, Shah Varun, Hasanovic Adnan, Lakticova Viera","doi":"10.36959/825/584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/825/584","url":null,"abstract":"Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinomas (PSCs) are poorly differentiated non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs) that, loosely, consist of a sarcoma-like element and/or a sarcomatous component - they represent one of the rarest sub-types of lung tumors. Pre-operative analysis with bronchoscopic biopsy is often an underrepresentation of tissue structure in its entirety, leading to hindrance in definitive diagnosis. Here we present the case of a male presenting with progressive dyspnea, ultimately diagnosed with a pulmonary sarcomatoid tumor with extensive local infiltration on bronchoscopy. Given the relatively low incidence of this cancer, we discuss the epidemiology, risk factors, and diagnostic tools used in characterization of tumors. Most pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinomas contain features and immunophenotypes consistent with conventional NSCLC, lending itself to the idea that this group of tumors falls along a spectrum that represents common origin from a totipotent stem cell. This allows for alignment of a cancer with typically poor prognosis and limited treatment options with one with greater possibilities for therapeutic intervention. Despite the ultimate decision for palliation seen in this case, it is of value for clinicians to be aware of the focus on research into the areas of molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy for treatment of pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinomas, given success with treatment of non-small cell lung cancers.","PeriodicalId":92751,"journal":{"name":"Annals of lung cancer","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42039679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dosimetric Implications of Number of Breathing Phases Used in the Definition of Internal Target Volume [ITV] in the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers Using Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT)","authors":"Von Darius Heard, E. R. Bolookat, Bradley M. Rauschenbach, K. Martin, Jorge Gomez, Anurag K. Singh, H. Malhotra","doi":"10.36959/571/724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/571/724","url":null,"abstract":"Determination of intrafraction motion in stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) usually involves generating an internal target volume (ITV) based on target segmentation in every one of the 10 phases of a 4-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) dataset which increases dosimetry work load substantially. This study explores the feasibility of using a smaller number of phases to compile an ITV to get equivalent results. Twenty-five lung cancer patients treated with SBRT were retrospectively assessed. Patients were categorized by the anatomic location of the GTV within different lobes of the lungs, 5 in each lobe. Ten GTVs were contoured by the radiation oncologist in 10 different phases of one complete respiratory cycle. Five samples (Sample 1–5) were created using (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% i.e. taking every other phase), (0%, 30%, 60%, 90% i.e. skipping two successive phases), (0%, 20%, 30%, 50% i.e. essentially taking inhale, exhale & a phase in between), (0%, 30%, 60%), (0%, 50% i.e. using completely inhale and exhale phase only) phase GTVs, 0% is designated as the most inhaled phase and 50% as the most exhaled phase. Appropriate sample ITVs and PTVs were created in the same manner as the clinical plan which was then adapted to each sample set with minimal modification. Sample plans were compared for equivalent dose coverage, center of mass, and ITV/PTV volume differences against the clinical treatment plan. The average % ITV underestimation against the clinical ITV increased from a minimum of 7.3% in sample 1 (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%) to a maximum of 24.5% in sample 5 (0% & 50%) under the conditions of controlled breathing. A similar trend was seen in other samples with the underestimation in the ITV/PTV volume increasing with the decrease in the number of phases irrespective of the tumor location. The average variation in the center of mass of the ITV was minimal (0.43 ± 0.11 mm). Use of ITV/PTV combination derived from using less than all 10 phases resulted in the maximum clinical PTV under-dosage of 5.9% for sample 1 and 12.3% for sample 5, respectively. If fewer phases in the generation of ITV are used, a larger ITV-to-PTV margin might be necessary to get equivalent PTV coverage.","PeriodicalId":92751,"journal":{"name":"Annals of lung cancer","volume":"3 1","pages":"75 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41855099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lobaplatin or Cisplatin Plus Etoposide for Treating Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer","authors":"Z. Xin, Zhu Hongge, Zhang Yiyi, Liu Chunling","doi":"10.36959/571/721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/571/721","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To observe the short-term therapeutic effect, adverse reactions and hospitalization conditions of lobaplatin plus etoposide (EL) and cisplatin plus etoposide (EP) for advanced small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Methods: A total of 46 patients with advanced SCLC were randomized into EL (23 patients) and EP (23 patients) groups. The two groups were treated for two cycles of 21 days. Short-term therapeutic effects, adverse reactions and hospitalization conditions were evaluated for the two groups after two cycles. Results: The EL and EP groups did not differ substantial in objective response rate, hospital stay, or rate of leukocyte and platelet decrease. In the two groups, NSE (neuron-specific enolization enzyme) was reduced significantly after chemotherapy, but CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) and CYFRA21 (cytokeratin 19 fragment) were not different between the two groups. In the EL group, the incidence of gastrointestinal reaction was reduced significantly and hospitalization cost was significantly increased. Conclusion: EL and EP for the same period of SCLC is safe and effective chemotherapy regimens, EL group medical expenses increased significantly, but the digestive tract reaction decreased significantly.","PeriodicalId":92751,"journal":{"name":"Annals of lung cancer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45960701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nucleobindin-2 mRNA level is down regulated in KRAS-mutation lung cancer cell lines compared with EGFR/BRAF/KRAS wild-type lung cancer cell lines","authors":"S. Noriaki, Imai Hisao, Okada Junichi, Yamada Eijiro, Okada Shuichi, Yamada Masanobu","doi":"10.36959/571/722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/571/722","url":null,"abstract":"Ten of lung cancer cell lines with EGFR/BRAF/KRAS wildtype (H1299, H1819, HCC95, H838, H1437, H661, HCC15, HCC78, H1648, HCC193) and eleven of lung cancer cell lines with KRAS-mutation [KRAS-G12C (H2122, HCC44, H1792, HCC4017, H358), KRAS-G12V (H441), KRAS-G12D (HCC515), KRAS-G12R (H1264, H157), KRAS-G12A (H2009), KRAS-Q61H (H460)] were used [3]. Nucleobindin-2 mRNA level was analyzed by RT-qPCR as previously rescribed [3]. Primers and probes for Nucleobindin-2 and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were obtained from Ori Gene Technologies (MK203097; Rockville, MD, USA;) and Applied Biosystems (Assay ID: Hs99999905_m1; Tokyo, Japan;), respectively. To normalize the amount of input cDNA, quantitative analysis was performed using the GAPDH as an internal reference. Relative expression values were computed using the comparative cycle threshold (Ct) method. All data in the figure are presented as mean ± standard deviation and were analyzed using one-way ANOVA to compare the means of all the groups. Turkey-Kramer multiple comparisons method was used to determine statistical differences between the means, with p < 0.05 deemed statistically significant using the InStat 2.00 program.","PeriodicalId":92751,"journal":{"name":"Annals of lung cancer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43252000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Respirable Coal Mine Dust and Quartz on Lung Function Parameters of German Coalminers: A Longitudinal Study 1974-2004","authors":"Yong Mei, A. Laura, Lenaerts Hellmut, Derwall Rudolf, Morfeld Peter","doi":"10.36959/571/720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/571/720","url":null,"abstract":"Poorly soluble low toxic particulates (PSLT) and their particle specific effects on the respiratory system are under review in Europe. We aim to investigate the nature and magnitude of lung function deficits from coal and quartz exposure in coal miners.","PeriodicalId":92751,"journal":{"name":"Annals of lung cancer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44819574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Impact of Ablative Therapy in Oligometastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) with Unresectable Primary Tumor","authors":"Garde-Noguera Javier, Marinelli Sara, Salvador-Coloma Carmen, Garcia-Sánchez José, Honrubia-Peris Beatriz, Escoin Corina, Piera Nuria, Juan-Vidal Oscar","doi":"10.36959/825/583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/825/583","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Patients with Oligometastatic (OM) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (≤ 3 metastases) might benefit from radical ablative treatment of both primary tumor and metastases. However, the role of ablative therapy in OM patients with locally advance primary tumor has not been evaluated. The aim of our study was to analyze the efficacy and safety of ablative treatment in patients with unresectable primary tumor and synchronous Oligometastases, in terms of response rate, progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Methods/Patients: Retrospective study of patients with Oligometastatic NSCLC (≤ 3 lesions in a unique location) and unresectable primary tumor, treated with radical intent (chemo-radiotherapy for primary tumor and surgery, radiotherapy, Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) or radiofrequency for all known metastases) between October 2011 and March 2015. Results: Thirty patients met inclusion criteria. Median age was 58 years, 76.6% were male, and 96.6% had ECOG 0-1. Histology: Adenocarcinoma (63.6%), squamous carcinoma (20%), and other histology (13.4%). All patients had unresectable primary tumor and/or mediastinal lymph nodes. Site of metastases: brain (46.6%), lung (23.3%), bone (20%), other locations (9.9%). Sequential thoracic radiotherapy (40%) and concomitant radiotherapy (60%). Treatment of metastases: SBRT (53.3%), external radiotherapy (26.6%), surgery (13.6%), radiofrequency (3.3%), none (3.3%). Toxicity grade 3 (29.4%). Response rate was 69.9%, median PFS 11.1 months (IC 95%: 8.2-13.7), and median OS 20.2 months (IC: 15.6-20.3). Conclusions: Radical treatment for oligometastatic and unresectable NSCLC patients is a safe therapeutic strategy and it could be contemplated as an effective therapeutic alternative in selected patients.","PeriodicalId":92751,"journal":{"name":"Annals of lung cancer","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69788830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dosimetric Implications of Number of Breathing Phases Used in the Definition of Internal Target Volume [ITV] in the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers Using Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT).","authors":"Von Darius Heard, Eftekhar Rajab Bolookat, Bradley Rauschenbach, Kate Martin, Jorge Gomez, Anurag K Singh, Harish Malhotra","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Determination of intrafraction motion in stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) usually involves generating an internal target volume (ITV) based on target segmentation in every one of the 10 phases of a 4-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) dataset which increases dosimetry work load substantially. This study explores the feasibility of using a smaller number of phases to compile an ITV to get equivalent results. Twenty-five lung cancer patients treated with SBRT were retrospectively assessed. Patients were categorized by the anatomic location of the GTV within different lobes of the lungs, 5 in each lobe. Ten GTVs were contoured by the radiation oncologist in 10 different phases of one complete respiratory cycle. Five samples (Sample 1-5) were created using (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% i.e. taking every other phase), (0%, 30%, 60%, 90% i.e. skipping two successive phases), (0%, 20%, 30%, 50% i.e. essentially taking inhale, exhale & a phase in between), (0%, 30%, 60%), (0%, 50% i.e. using completely inhale and exhale phase only) phase GTVs, 0% is designated as the most inhaled phase and 50% as the most exhaled phase. Appropriate sample ITVs and PTVs were created in the same manner as the clinical plan which was then adapted to each sample set with minimal modification. Sample plans were compared for equivalent dose coverage, center of mass, and ITV/PTV volume differences against the clinical treatment plan. The average % ITV underestimation against the clinical ITV increased from a minimum of 7.3% in sample 1 (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%) to a maximum of 24.5% in sample 5 (0% & 50%) under the conditions of controlled breathing. A similar trend was seen in other samples with the underestimation in the ITV/PTV volume increasing with the decrease in the number of phases irrespective of the tumor location. The average variation in the center of mass of the ITV was minimal (0.43 ± 0.11 mm). Use of ITV/PTV combination derived from using less than all 10 phases resulted in the maximum clinical PTV under-dosage of 5.9% for sample 1 and 12.3% for sample 5, respectively. If fewer phases in the generation of ITV are used, a larger ITV-to-PTV margin might be necessary to get equivalent PTV coverage.</p>","PeriodicalId":92751,"journal":{"name":"Annals of lung cancer","volume":"3 1","pages":"75-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6961841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37548254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of an Onsite Endobronchial Ultrasound Program on the Time to Treatment of Cancer in Veterans.","authors":"V. Holden, S. Wappel, A. Verceles, J. Deepak","doi":"10.36959/571/723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/571/723","url":null,"abstract":"Background Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is commonly employed in the diagnostic evaluation of pulmonary nodules and for mediastinal staging of lung cancer. We hypothesized that the establishment of an onsite EBUS program would decrease the time to the diagnosis and treatment of detected malignancy in veterans seen in a dedicated pulmonary nodule clinic. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients seen at the Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center (BVAMC) pulmonary nodule clinic and required diagnostic evaluation. One hundred and fifty consecutive patients before and after implementation of an onsite EBUS program were screened. Results Forty-nine patients from the pre-intervention group and 41 patients from the post-intervention group underwent diagnostic evaluation and were included in study analyses. There was no significant difference in the median number of days between CT chest and initial visit to the BVAMC Lung Mass Clinic (22 vs. 14 days, P = 0.06), CT chest to diagnostic procedure (47.5 vs. 37 days, P = 0.33), and CT chest to initial treatment of detected malignancy (103 vs. 88 days, P = 0.15). There was no significant difference in the lung cancer stages or 1-year mortality between groups. A total of 76 barriers to care were identified among the 90 patients. Conclusions There was a trend towards improving the time from the initial CT chest to the treatment of cancer with onsite availability of EBUS. More efforts need to be done to decrease the modifiable barriers to treatment to improve the overall lung cancer care for veterans.","PeriodicalId":92751,"journal":{"name":"Annals of lung cancer","volume":"3 1 1","pages":"66-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69788640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of an Onsite Endobronchial Ultrasound Program on the Time to Treatment of Cancer in Veterans.","authors":"Van K Holden, Stephanie Wappel, Avelino C Verceles, Janaki Deepak","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is commonly employed in the diagnostic evaluation of pulmonary nodules and for mediastinal staging of lung cancer. We hypothesized that the establishment of an onsite EBUS program would decrease the time to the diagnosis and treatment of detected malignancy in veterans seen in a dedicated pulmonary nodule clinic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients seen at the Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center (BVAMC) pulmonary nodule clinic and required diagnostic evaluation. One hundred and fifty consecutive patients before and after implementation of an onsite EBUS program were screened.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-nine patients from the pre-intervention group and 41 patients from the post-intervention group underwent diagnostic evaluation and were included in study analyses. There was no significant difference in the median number of days between CT chest and initial visit to the BVAMC Lung Mass Clinic (22 vs. 14 days, P = 0.06), CT chest to diagnostic procedure (47.5 vs. 37 days, P = 0.33), and CT chest to initial treatment of detected malignancy (103 vs. 88 days, P = 0.15). There was no significant difference in the lung cancer stages or 1-year mortality between groups. A total of 76 barriers to care were identified among the 90 patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was a trend towards improving the time from the initial CT chest to the treatment of cancer with onsite availability of EBUS. More efforts need to be done to decrease the modifiable barriers to treatment to improve the overall lung cancer care for veterans.</p>","PeriodicalId":92751,"journal":{"name":"Annals of lung cancer","volume":"3 1","pages":"66-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6759328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144183377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}