Journal of endocrinology and thyroid research最新文献

{"title":"Early Identification and Diagnosis of Adrenal Crisis after Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Unilateral Adrenalectomy","authors":"Li-ping Wan, Yong Wang, Shubin Wang, Jing Cao, Zhengjin Yi, Xiangyu Liu, Chuan Xiao, Yun Luo, Xupan Wei","doi":"10.30564/JER.V2I2.2764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/JER.V2I2.2764","url":null,"abstract":"The occurrence of adrenal crisis after retroperitoneal laparoscopic unilateral adrenalectomy is usually concealed. If not timely diagnosis and treatment,it may cause shock, and even lead to death. It is very difficult to distinguish the clinical manifestations of adrenal crisis from nausea, vomiting, fatigue,gas separation from the lower diaphragm, abdominal pain, hypotension, hypertension, fever and hypothermia after operation. This makes it very difficult to identify and diagnose adrenal crisis early. This article mainly discusses the early recognition, diagnosis and treatment of adrenal crisis after unilateral adrenalectomy by retroperitoneoscope.","PeriodicalId":92667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endocrinology and thyroid research","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87590462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adrenomedullary Function in Cohort of Brazilian Pediatric Patients with Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia","authors":"Talita Soriano Cruz Hovland, Izabel Calland Ricarte Beserra","doi":"10.30564/JER.V2I1.2574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/JER.V2I1.2574","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia is a group of autosomal recessive disorders resulting from deficiency of enzymes essential for the synthesis of cortisol. Disease of the adrenal cortex, but there may be involvement adrenomedullary. Cortisol and epinephrine are directly related to the individual’s stress response. Lower values of epinephrine in children with congenital adrenal yperplasia could be related to increased clinical complications and hospitalizations rate. We evaluated the serum values of metanephrines and normetanephrines in children and adolescents with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia and primary hypothyroidism and possible correlations with disease and hospitalizations. Cross-sectional study involved 29 patients (10 simple virilizing and 19 salt-wasting), and control group of 28 patients with primary hypothyroidism (10 overt and 18 subclinical). There were no differences in age (p = 0.24) and metanephrine (p = 0.34) or normetanephrine values (p = 0.85) between groups.Hospitalization rate was higher in the cases than in the controls (51 x 12).We conclude the serum values of metanephrine and normetanephrine in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia were within the normal values of reference, with no significant difference of group with primary hypothiroidism. The number of hospitalizations in the case was high in relation to the control, mainly in salt-wasting.","PeriodicalId":92667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endocrinology and thyroid research","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75196336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etiological Spectrum with Diagnosis and Prognosis of Central Diabetes Insipidus needs Long Term Followup: A Single Centre Experience","authors":"D. Sarma, Manoj Gedam","doi":"10.30564/JER.V2I1.2510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/JER.V2I1.2510","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Central Diabetes insipidus (CDI) is a rare disorder caused vasopressin deficiency characterized by the excretion of copious volumes of unconcentrated urine. Objective: To assess the etiological,clinical, biochemical and radiological spectrum of Central DI in our institute and long term follow up of these cases. Material and Methods:32 patients with Central DI admitted in Department of Endocrinology,Guwahati Medical College, Assam in the last 2.5 years were included.Detailed clinical assessment, biochemical evaluation and MRI (Magnetic Resonance imaging) brain were done in all the patients. Central DI without any identifiable cause was considered Idiopathic and those with structural lesion in hypothalamic pituitary region were considered organic. Result: Idiopathic CDI was present in 12(37.5%) patients and 20(62.5%) patients had organic CDI with acute onset of presentation.12(60%) patients with organic CDI present with neurological symptoms but 8(40%) patients had no neurological symptoms even with organic cause. Pituitary dysfunction was common in organic CDI as compared to idiopathic CDI. Paediatric patients commonly present with organic cause for CDI with low cortisol most common hormonal deficit. One patient of idiopathic CDI with normal stalk thickness at baseline presented with clinical and radiological features of  (Langerhans cell histiocytosis) on follow up. Conclusion: Organic CDI more likely to have acute onset of presentation than idiopathic CDI and even in absence of neurological features. Paediatric patients commonly have organic cause for CDI. We propose the paramount importance of long-term clinical follow-up and reassessment of endocrine function in patients with CDI for definitive diagnosis of autoimmune and inflammatory causes of idiopathic CDI and timely treatment of pituitary ypofunction.","PeriodicalId":92667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endocrinology and thyroid research","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85295672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Serum Testosterone, Leptin,Interleukin-6 (il-6) Level and Insulin Sensitivity in Non-obese and Obese Male Subjects in Magway Region, Myanmar","authors":"M. Sein, Zarchi Theint Theint Hlaing, Thurein Zaw, Yin Thu Theint, S. Htway","doi":"10.30564/JER.V2I2.2739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/JER.V2I2.2739","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the relationship between insulin resistance and related variables (serum testosterone, interleukin (IL-6) and leptin level) in obese and non-obese healthy subjects. Methods: Community-based crosssectional, analytic study was undertaken in 60 subjects for each obese group (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) and non-obese group (BMI 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2) (age;18-45 years) residing in Magway Township from December 2016 to December 2017. Serum insulin, testosterone, IL-6 and leptin levels were measured by enzyme linked immunoassay, and serum fasting glucose was measured by glucose oxidase method. Insulin sensitivity was calculated by HOMA formula (Homeostatic Model Assessment). Results:HOMA-IR, serum leptin and IL-6 level were significantly higher in obese group while serum testosterone level was significantly lower in obese group. There was a significantly correlation between HOMA-IR with leptin (r=0.306, p=0.001), IL-6 (r=0.237, p=0.009) and testosterone (r=-0.209,p=0.02). Moreover, serum leptin was significantly and positively correlated with IL-6 (r=0.391, p<0.001) while serum testosterone was significantly and negatively correlated with leptin (r=-0.408, p<0.001), and IL-6 (r=-0.34, p<0.001).Conclusions:Obese men are more likely to have low testosterone, high inflammatory markers leptin and Il-6, which were associated with decreased insulin sensitivity. ","PeriodicalId":92667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endocrinology and thyroid research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90769059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Danger within: Covid-19 Affinity for ACE2 Receptors in Adipose Tissue and Testes. The Protective Effects of Estradiol, Fitness, and Weight Management","authors":"Xanya Sofra","doi":"10.30564/JER.V2I1.2498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/JER.V2I1.2498","url":null,"abstract":"The imminent danger of the Covid-19 pandemic has accelerated research in pharmaceuticals that either target the viral Spike proteins fusion with ACE2 receptors, or the infectious RNA replication that often overwhelms immune defences. The scope of this review was to elucidate the main human vulnerabilities to Covid-19, including the accumulation of ACE2 receptors in testes, adipose tissue, thyroid, heart and kidneys that escalate viral affinity in males, the aged, and certain medical conditions, including diabetes, CVD, and pulmonary diseases. Pre-existing inflammation inherent in obesity may exacerbate the “cytokine storm,” a rampaging immune reaction during the course of Covid-19 that is deleterious to the host. We examined the molecular dynamics illustrating the action of new therapeutics necessary for Covid-19 patients; the estradiol advantage hypothesis;alternative therapies including hormone replacement procedures and mesenchymal stem cells; plus preventive and protective interventions.The current perspective also explored the primary components of dysregulated health predisposing individuals to Covid-19, including hormonal imbalance, increased lipids and lipoproteins, thyroid dysfunction, degraded fitness, and age-related testosterone decline accompanied by cortisol increase that provokes stress eating behaviours and weight accumulation.Obesity increases the probability of Covid-19 infection due to its abundance of ACE2 receptors; while physical activity may decrease Covid-19 vulnerability, by reducing fat and increasing muscle mass that manifests a relatively inhibited ACE2 expression. Several weight management solutions feature lasers and radiofrequency which diminish subcutaneous adiposity but do not enhance fitness. A data metanalysis of seven recently published clinical studies on 95 obese individuals, 73 males and 22 females with an average BMI of 30.9, demonstrated visceral fat reduction combined with increased skeletal muscle mass. It also revealed a statistically significant decrease in BMI, lipids, lipoproteins, inflammation and toxicity as measured by CRP, Creatinine and Bilirubin respectively, juxtaposed by optimally healthier levels of Cortisol, Testosterone, Free T3,IGF-1, Insulin, and the appetite controlling hormones Leptin and Ghrelin.","PeriodicalId":92667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endocrinology and thyroid research","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84613856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy During COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"F. Akter","doi":"10.19080/JETR.2020.05.555673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/JETR.2020.05.555673","url":null,"abstract":"Pregnant women might be at an increased risk for severe illness from COVID-19 compared to non-pregnants. Additionally, there may be an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth, among pregnant women with COVID-19 [1]. The anatomical structure of the respiratory system is changed during pregnancy, and the virus transmitted by droplets and aerosols is more easily inhaled by pregnant women and is difficult to remove [2]. Changes in reproductive hormones and immune systems during pregnancy collectively make them more susceptible to certain infections. More importantly, angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE)-2, the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, has been proven highly increased during pregnancy, which may contribute to the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 [3].","PeriodicalId":92667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endocrinology and thyroid research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46175915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trident Hand: Achondroplasia","authors":"C. Yerawar","doi":"10.19080/JETR.2020.05.555672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/JETR.2020.05.555672","url":null,"abstract":"Achondroplasia is the most frequent form of short limb dwarfism [1]. The phenotype is characterized by rhizomelic disproportionate short stature, enlarged head, midface hypoplasia, short hands and lordotic lumbar spine [2,3]. Its incidence is 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 30,000 [1]. Here we describe a case of achondroplasia in a 37-year-old male, who presented to endocrinology OPD for short stature. General physical examination showed large head, depressed nasal bridge short stature, with rhizomelic shortening of the arms and legs and normal trunk length (Figure 1). Patient had short, stubby fingers and excessive spacing between third and fourth finger (Figure 2). Anthropometry revealed a height of 115.5 cm (midparental height 155.2 cm), weight of 41.4 kg. His vital signs were within the normal limits. Systemic examination did not reveal any abnormality. Hand-wrist radiograph showed short metacarpal and phalanges with trident hand configuration (Figure 3). X ray of lower limb reveled short and thick tubular long bones (Figure 4). Based on clinical examination and radiological features; diagnosis of achondroplasia was confirmed.","PeriodicalId":92667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endocrinology and thyroid research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48207391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unmasking Adherence as a Cause of Unexplained Poor Growth Response in Adolescents Receiving Growth Hormone","authors":"R. Noto","doi":"10.19080/JETR.2020.05.555671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/JETR.2020.05.555671","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To evaluate whether a digital record of injections can reveal nonadherence as the cause of unexplained poor growth response in adolescents on growth hormone therapy. Methods: Twelve adolescent patients receiving growth hormone (GH) treatment who developed unexplained poor growth for six months were identified. Patients were transitioned to a digital record of GH administration (easypod™) from their original method of administration. Growth rates and IGF-I levels prior to and after 3 months of digital monitoring were compared. Results: Mean age of the 12 participants was 15.6 ±1.9 years and mean duration of GH therapy was 4.5 ±2.7 years. Only one patient acknowledged poor adherence prior to starting easypod, but injection history log showed that five of the patients initially were not adherent with the daily injections. Four of these five patients then became adherent. Four patients were noted to be adherent at the initiation of easypod therapy but nonadherence could be suggested by their improved growth rates on easypod therapy. Mean growth rate of all subjects increased from 2.5 ±2.5cm per year compared to 6.3 ±3.8cm per year after transition to easypod (P<0.01). One patient remained poorly adherent for the duration of the study and two of the twelve patients remained poorly growing even though proven to be adherent to GH therapy by the digital injection record. These 3 patients discontinued GH therapy. There was no significant change in serum IGF-I levels before and after easypod use (P=0.25). Conclusion: A digital record of injections is useful in revealing nonadherence as the cause of unexplained poor growth response in adolescent","PeriodicalId":92667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endocrinology and thyroid research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46136838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management in A Patient with Cardiomyopathy and Thyrotoxicosis: A Challenging Decision","authors":"Timothy K Eng","doi":"10.19080/JETR.2020.05.555670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/JETR.2020.05.555670","url":null,"abstract":"Background: It is not uncommon to encounter a patient with cardiomyopathy and a concomitant thyroid disorder. However, management becomes complex and potentially life-threatening if the patient has an arrhythmia with hypotension. Case: 55-year-old male with a history of nonischemic cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation and cocaine use presented with recurrent implanted cardiac defibrillator shocks. On presentation, he was hypotensive with a blood pressure of 88/62. Electrocardiogram showed Atrial Fibrillation with rapid ventricular response with a rate of 144 beats per minute. He was started on amiodarone bolus and transitioned to a drip. He was subsequently found to have thyroxine levels four times the upper limit of normal. His amiodarone was discontinued, and he was started on dofetilide, methimazole, and oral prednisone. After 3 days of treatment, his heart rate remained elevated and borderline hypotensive. He was then started Propranolol with stabilization of his vital signs and discharged home in two days. Conclusion: Initiation of propranolol should be carefully considered in patients with known cardiomyopathy and concurrent thyrotoxicosis. There is high risk of developing cardiogenic shock and potentially even death.","PeriodicalId":92667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endocrinology and thyroid research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42792508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thyroid Dysfunction in COVID-19","authors":"N. Mikhail","doi":"10.19080/JETR.2020.05.555669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/JETR.2020.05.555669","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Preliminary data suggest that thyroid dysfunction may occur in association with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Objective: To clarify the link between COVID-19 and thyroid function. Methods: PubMed search of English literature until August 11, 2020. Since there is lack of randomized trials, case reports retrospective studies, and National guidelines are reviewed. Results: Retrospective studies suggest that 7-34% of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the hospital display thyroid hormone alterations consistent with non-thyroidal illness. Severity of thyroid hormonal abnormalities correlate with severity of COVID-19. Only 4 well-documented cases of subacute thyroiditis were reported in association with infection with COVID-19. Less commonly, de novo autoimmune Hashimoto’s hypothyroidism was reported in COVID-19. Conclusion: Alterations of thyroid hormones due to non-thyroidal illness are common in COVID-19, whereas other thyroid diseases seem uncommon or underreported. Evaluation of thyroid function should be considered in patients with COVID-19 with symptoms or signs pertinent to thyroid function.","PeriodicalId":92667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endocrinology and thyroid research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45712847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}